numbers and numerals

A number is an abstract concept while a numeral is a symbol used to express that number. 

See 10 rules for writing numbers and numerals at:  http://www.dailywritingtips.com/10-rules-for-writing-numbers-and-numerals/ 

A music score is the graphic representation of a work of musical art.  Notation itself is static, and a musical performance can be different depending on the artist's interpretation.  Brian Avey 

See how to write music scores at:  http://www.ehow.com/how_8175508_write-music-scores.html

If you read The Final Solution, a Story of Detection by Michael Chabon, it will help to know how to say one through ten in German.  See at:  http://www.wikihow.com/Count-to-10-in-German

Founded in Paris by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton in 1953, The Paris Review began with a simple editorial mission:  “Dear reader,” William Styron wrote in a letter in the inaugural issue, “The Paris Review hopes to emphasize creative work—fiction and poetry—not to the exclusion of criticism, but with the aim in mind of merely removing criticism from the dominating place it holds in most literary magazines and putting it pretty much where it belongs, i.e., somewhere near the back of the book.  I think The Paris Review should welcome these people into its pages: the good writers and good poets, the non-drumbeaters and non-axe-grinders.  So long as they're good.”  Decade after decade, the Review has introduced the important writers of the day.  Adrienne Rich was first published in its pages, as were Philip Roth, V. S. Naipaul, T. Coraghessan Boyle, Mona Simpson, Edward P. Jones, and Rick Moody.   http://www.theparisreview.org/about/  
NOTE that Michael Chabon's novella, The Final Solution, appeared in the Paris Review in the Summer 2003 issue.   

The U.S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs provides services directly or through contracts, grants, or compacts to 564 federally recognized tribes with a service population of about 1.9 million American Indian and Alaska Natives.  http://www.doi.gov/governments/tribalgovernments.cfm

According to the 2011 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, there are roughly 1,371,564 Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders who reside within the United States.  This group represents about 0.4 percent of the U.S. population.  Out of that number, about 341,000 Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders reside in Hawaii.  Some other states that have a significant Native Hawaiian/Pacific islander population are:  California, Washington, Texas, New York, Florida, and Utah. It is also significant to note that 35 percent of this group is under the age 18.  Read more at:  http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlID=71 

A faction is a blending of fact and fiction (as is the word itself).  The term is problematic because readers want to know which category a book falls into, and “faction” doesn’t provide that.  Of course, blending fact and fiction in literature isn’t all that uncommon, and authors often signal to readers very clearly what the book’s leanings are by sorting it out it in the preface, or by choosing a more precise label.  An historical novel, for example, is a fictional account of real events or real people.  Both literary nonfiction and the nonfiction novel dramatize real events and real people, but—in theory, at least—stick close to reality.  Still, even these attempts to clarify can create questions and, at times, controversy, the root of which is found in the ambiguity of where the work departs from reality.  Brandi Reissenweber  Find examples at:  http://www.writingclasses.com/WritersResources/AskTheWriterDetail.php?ID=93 

Historic photos restored  See pictures plus find links to the Library of Congress collection and their Today in History feature at:   http://photosilke.blogspot.com/2013/03/historic-pictures-restored.html  Thanks, Bruce.

Pronunciation help  Type emmasaying in your browser and hear tutorials in English.  Each word is pronounced three times.  Proper names are included. 

Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Anne Tyler has never liked "The Taming of the Shrew."  "I have no favorite moments in this play," Tyler said.  "I first read it in college and disliked it intensely, and I can't say my attitude toward it softened any when I read it again just recently."  Very soon, Tyler is going to get a chance to reimagine and make sense of "The Taming of the Shrew."  She's writing a novel based on the play as part of a project by the publishing house Hogarth to commission novels based on all 37 of Shakespeare's plays.  Shakespeare lived and died four centuries ago, and has since been adapted into all sorts of media that didn't exist when he was alive, including film, television and radio.  Joss Whedon's acclaimed film "Much Ado About Nothing," released last month — was shot at his Santa Monica home with actors in modern dress.  This month, Ian Doescher released a book that retells the "Star Wars" saga in Shakespearean verse.  Asking novelists to adapt Shakespeare's oeuvre — with complete artistic freedom, the publishers say — is a tribute to the Bard's enduring power and influence.  As for "The Taming of the Shrew," it's a play many readers over the centuries have found troubling and downright misogynistic.  It begins with a feisty Katherine telling one man she will "comb your noddle with a three-legged stool and paint your face and use you like a fool."  But by the play's end, she's literally under her husband's heel.  "The Taming of the Shrew" is believed to be the Bard's first or second play.  It's a work that's been subject to all sorts of interpretations since its original run at the Globe Theatre ended circa 1591.  At the Oregon Shakespeare Festival, artistic director Bill Rauch is running "The Taming of the Shrew" in a production set on a beach boardwalk with a tattooed Kate and Petruchio, her mercurial suitor, reimagined as a rockabilly musician.  "By placing it on a boardwalk you give it this spirit of joy and comedy, despite its grim themes," Rauch said.  "It's a story of love at first sight, and the actors have carefully charted who's dominant in the relationship at various moments."  Even in theater, Shakespeare's works are extremely pliable, Rauch said.  In recent years, the festival has produced a "Julius Caesar" in which the doomed Roman emperor is a woman, and a "Measure for Measure" in which one of the characters speaks in Spanish with a social worker translating her words to the other actors.  Perhaps the most successful recent adaptation of Shakespeare into the form of a novel is Jane Smiley's 1991, Pulitzer Prize-winning "A Thousand Acres," which reimagines "King Lear" on an Iowa farm.  Hector Tobar  http://www.latimes.com/features/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-rewriting-shakespeare-20130713,0,777208.story