Wednesday, July 31, 2013

baseball and football times of action


By Wall Street Journal calculations, a baseball fan will see 17 minutes and 58 seconds of action over the course of a three-hour game.  This is roughly the equivalent of a TED Talk, a Broadway intermission or the missing section of the Watergate tapes.  A similar WSJ study on NFL games in January 2010 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704281204575002852055561406.html found that the average action time for a football game was 11 minutes.  Steve Moyer 
Read the  methods used for calculating actual playing time at:  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323740804578597932341903720.html 

By combining the concepts of bookmobile and food truck, book-publisher Penguin Group (USA) recently introduced its first mobile bookstore.  The first bookmobiles were horse-drawn wagons.  Later, buses and delivery vans were converted into mobile libraries.  Food trucks have a long history in some communities, and recently have enjoyed more widespread popularity.  “We’re always looking for new ways to bring writers to readers, and this is one of those ways,” Glass said.  The truck is 27 feet long and contains 96 linear feet of display shelving.  Awnings, LED lighting, cafe tables and chairs provide sheltered browsing day or night.  The pushcart was inspired by the classic New York hotdog cart.  It also carries and displays books, and is covered with a pop-up umbrella.  The truck and pushcart made their debut at the recent Book Expo America, the annual convention of publishers, book store owners, authors and libraries in New York City.  Their next stop was “Tom Sawyer Day” at the Mark Twain House in Hartford, Conn., and then the American Library Association conference in Chicago.  The pushcart also will be at the Delecort Theater in New York’s Central Park for the 2013 season of Shakespeare in the Park.  In October, the truck and cart will help celebrate the 75th anniversary of the publication of John Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath” by traveling old Route 66 from Sallisaw, Okla., to Bakersfield, Calif., with several stops along the way.  Larry Edsall  http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130711/AUTO03/307110040 

Sending postcards did not appear out of thin air.  A number of innovations in the postal system in the preceding quarter of a century helped create this new postal age.  One such innovation was the introduction of uniform penny postage in Great Britain in 1840 that made mail delivery easy and affordable.  Previously, prices for shipping letters was based on the distance the mailman had to travel.  Fees were not collected up-front from the sender, but instead a surprised recipient would find a mailman on his or her doorstep, demanding payment.  Post offices had been hemorrhaging money through this system, for recipients would often refuse their mail and the postman would be sent away unpaid.  In 1837 Rowland Hill proposed that letters be charged by weight, not distance, and the fee be collected in advance from the sender.  This new procedure transformed the postal system.  Austria was the first country to publish the postcard, but not the first to conceive of it.  A few years earlier, German postal official Dr. Heinrich von Stephan submitted a proposal for such an object, which was fiercely debated and not executed in North Germany until July 1870, a year after Austria introduced the card to their country.  Within two years, the postcard had quickly spread across Europe.  The United States did not introduce officially issued postcards until 1873, two years after Canada and three years after most European countries, but unlike these countries, stamped cards had been allowed in American mail since 1861.  http://blog.library.si.edu/2009/09/the-history-of-postcards/ 

U.S. Postcard Postage Rate Changes from May 1, 1873 (1 cent) to January 22, 2012  (32 cents).   http://www.chicagopostcardmuseum.org/postage_rate_history.html 

The Phantom of the Opera, 1911, by Gaston Leroux is based on a vague folktale.  A fluke eleven years later set it on the road to immortality.  Leroux gave the book to the president of Universal Pictures, Carl Laemmle, who read it through in a single night.  He bought the rights, offered Lon Chaney the phantom part, and built a replica of the Paris Opera House.  The replica still stands today, and has been reused many times.  The actual Paris Opera House has an underground lake, where every two years the level is lowered.  It covers almost three acres of space, and is seventeen stories from deepest cellar to pinnacle of roof.  Ten stories are aboveground and seven stories underground.  The Phantom of Manhattan by Frederick Forsyth 

The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 British film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name,   Earlier films were made in 1925, 1943, 1962, 1974, 1983 and 1984.

The Web site I sent recently for historic photos at the Library of Congress no longer works.  You will find photos at:  http://www.loc.gov/pictures/ 

More on 3D printers Feb. 20, 2013  3-D printing builds objects by piling up successive layers of material, hence its more technical moniker, “additive manufacturing.”  You start by designing your product on a computer screen with drafting software.  That design then goes through a program that slices it up, translating it into a stack of two-dimensional layers.  The printer constructs the object by depositing the first layer of material — such as molten plastic that hardens — and then another and another, gradually creating the desired shape.  As the printer head moves back and forth, your 3-D vision becomes reality.  While makers are leading the pack, some major companies, including Airbus, have also embraced the technology.  Because 3-D printing often eliminates the need for things like fasteners, printed products often weigh less than their traditionally manufactured counterparts.  Airbus has started printing some components of its cabins, and by 2050, the company hopes to print entire planes.  Governments have also taken note.  Last August, the Obama administration announced the launch of the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute, part of a larger effort to create a “manufacturing belt” in the nation.  The pilot institute, designated for Youngstown, Ohio, is funded by NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the departments of Defense, Energy and Commerce.  It will support bringing additive manufacturing technologies into industrial and academic labs, as well as training programs for manufacturers to try out 3-D printing materials and machines.   Last year, engineers created a robotic exoskeleton for a 2-year-old girl with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, a condition that makes it difficult for her to move on her own.  Now she can play with her toys and hug her mom.  Another engineer created a prosthetic beak for a bald eagle named Beauty, whose own beak was mangled when she was shot in the face.  Doctors and engineers are even experimenting with 3-D printing to create artificial cartilage, livers and kidneys.  Wohlers notes that more than 80,000 custom titanium parts for replacement hips have been printed.  A number of people have already printed gun parts; the collective Defense Distributed, led by University of Texas at Austin law student Cody Wilson, aims to create blueprints for a fully printable firearm and make those files widely available.  When MakerBot’s website Thingiverse removed weapon-related designs from its site last year, Defense Distributed created DEFCAD, where people can upload (and download) files for printing gun parts, such as a 30-round gun magazine and a grip for an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle.  Guns aren’t the only printed items raising eyebrows:  At a hackers’ workshop last summer, a German security consultant unlocked two widely-used brands of police handcuffs with keys that he had made multiple copies of using a 3-D printer.  And scientists recently reported using a 3-D printer for making “reactionware,” customized polymer containers that make particular chemical reactions run with ease.  Rachel Ehrenberg   Read extensive article at:  http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/348429/description/The_3-D_Printing_Revolution

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