Wednesday, July 3, 2013

Palatine

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg
palatine (PAL-uh-tyn, -teen)  adjective
1.  Of or relating to a palace.   After Palatine, from Latin Palatium, the name of the centermost of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built.  Roman emperors built their palaces on this hill.  The word palace also derives from the same source.  Earliest documented use:  1436.
2.  Of or relating to a palate.   From French palatin, from Latin palatum palate (roof of the mouth).  Earliest documented use:  1656.

plutolatry  (ploo-TOL-uh-tree)  noun   Excessive devotion to wealth.
From Greek pluto- (wealth) + -latry (worship).  Earliest documented use:  1891.  Pluto was the god of riches in Greek mythology.
gossamer  (GOS-uh-muhr)  noun  1. Something light, thin, or insubstantial.  2. A soft sheer gauzy fabric, used for veils, etc.  3. A fine, filmy cobweb or its thread seen floating in the air in calm weather.  adjective   Thin, light, or delicate.   From goose + summer.  The term is believed to have originated as a name for late autumn when geese are in season and then transferred to cobwebs seen around that time of the year.  Earliest documented use:  1325.

Feedback to A.Word.A.Day
From:  Enita Torres  Subject:  logomania
As a graphic designer, this word makes me smile.  I love logos and my designer friends and I call Nascar-esque sponsor pages "logo soup".  I'm going to start calling them logomania.
From:  Richard Alexander  Subject:  zymurgy and aardvark
"Aardvark" is the first word only in seriously abridged dictionaries.  It's trumped by aa, a form of lava beloved by Scrabble players.  And if we're being literal, "a" is the first word in the dictionary.  Similarly, in my New Oxford Dictionary of English, zymurgy is followed by Zyrian, defined as "former term for Komi (the language)"
From:  Win Robins  Subject:  gossamer
The nicest use of "gossamer" that I know is in Cole Porter's Just One of Those Things. . . .  "a trip to the moon on gossamer wings . . . "
From:  Manuj Agarwal   Subject:  gossamer
Heard the word in
Sienfield  1:37 video:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1fSMUOzufI  Elaine wants to understand the meaning of a cartoon published in the New Yorker and goes to the extent of seeing the cartoon editor.  He then explains to her that cartoons are like gossamer and one does not dissect a gossamer.
 

Herman Hollerith's Pantographic Card Punch was developed for the 1890 US census.  Prior to 1890, cards were punched using a train conductor's ticket punch that allowed holes to be placed only around the edge of the card, and was not terribly accurate, and which tended to induce strain injuries.  The Pantographic punch allowed accurate placement of holes with minimum physical strain, one hole at a time, and also provided access to the interior of the card, allowing more information per card.  A skilled Pantograph operator could punch 700 cards per day.  See many pictures at:  http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/oldpunch.html 

Herman Hollerith was born in Buffalo, N.Y., of German immigrant parents, on February 29, 1860. He despised spelling.  Enough to jump out a grade-school window to escape it.  With that, he also jumped out of the New York City school system.  A private tutor, though, helped him learn enough to permit his entrance into Columbia College when he was just sixteen.  He graduated three years later as a mining engineer, with low marks only in bookkeeping and machines  He ignored this setback and went on to invent the first punched card electrical tabulating machines.  A chicken salad supper at the home of Dr. John Shaw Billings is said to have led to his landmark inventions.  Hollerith and Dr. Billings both were then working at the U.S. Census Office, so naturally they talked about the upcoming 1880 census.  Dr. Billings suggested that there ought to be a way to mechanize the census tabulation to save time and reduce errors. That set Hollerith thinking—and working—on the problem.  It took years of hard, patient work to complete the job.  He joined the Census Office in 1879, but didn't file his first patent until 1884.  He first put his machines to work in 1887 in Baltimore—just about the time the Census Office was limping through the final stages of manually tabulating the 1880 census.  At that rate, the 1890 census would be out of date by the time it was completed.  The population was growing about 25 percent a decade, to more than 60 million in 1890.  And more information was needed on each of those 60 million people.  So Hollerith timed his invention just right, although he needed more than patents and practical experience to win the day.  He also had competition—from tabulating systems devised by Charles F. Pidgin and William C. Hunt.  The Census Office [wanted a comparison] of the three systems before choosing one.  So they tested all three, using a selected set of data obtained in the 1880 census.  Hollerith won, hands down.  With his equipment, clerks transcribed data from census forms to punched cards and tabulated data twice as fast as they did with the Pidgin system—and three times faster than with the Hunt system.  The Hollerith system really proved itself in the real census of 1890. Complete results were available two years sooner than the previous census.  The data was more thoroughly analyzed, too, and at less cost—an estimated $5 million less than manual tabulation, nearly ten times greater than the predicted savings.  About 1905, the U.S. Census Bureau gave him an ultimatum: improve the machines and cut the rentals (which each year about equaled his total manufacturing cost).  To this Hollerith said, No. The Census Bureau said:  Then we'll make them ourselves and improve them ourselves. Which they did, using former Hollerith employees to run the operation.  Herman wrote irate letters to newspapers and to the President.  He sued the government for infringing his patents.  But he finally lost the legal argument in 1912 after seven years of litigation and lost business.  By that time, he already had sold his company, and in 1912 it was part of the Computer-Tabulating-Recording Company,* one of the nation's first conglomerates.  Hollerith remained chief consulting engineer to CTR and a major stockholder, which led inexorably to a classic confrontation between the brilliant engineer, Hollerith, and the brilliant salesman, Thomas J. Watson, Sr.  He stayed with the company until 1921, but he participated in its activities less and less, while its success grew and grew.  He avoided Watson as much as possible, and devoted most of his time to the life of a gentleman farmer on Chesapeake Bay.  He seemed to be more interested in boating, farming, and raising Guernsey cattle than in running a business.  In 1920 he wrote: "My entire life has been devoted to matters very far removed from farming, in fact mechanical, but I have never been so intensely interested in anything as I have in Guernseys . . . "  http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/builders/builders_hollerith.html
* The Computer-Tabulating Recording Company was the result of the merger, in 1911, of three companies:  the International Time Recording Company, The Tabulating Machine Company, and the Computing Scale Company.  The new company (CTR) came under single management for the first time in 1914, when the company had 1,300 employees.  In 1924, the name International Business Machines Corporation was adopted. 

Christopher Claus "Chris" Andersen (born July 7, 1978), nicknamed "Birdman", is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Miami Heat of the NBAAndersen was born in Long Beach, California, grew up in Iola, Texas, and played one year at Blinn College.  Andersen began his professional career in the Chinese Basketball League and the American minor leagues.  He then played in the NBA for the Denver Nuggets and the New Orleans Hornets.  Andersen is known for brightly colored tattoos on his arms, chest, neck, back, hands and legs.  His first tattoo was given as an eighteenth birthday gift by his mother, who has some body art of her own from her tenure in the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.  Andersen's regular tattoo artist, Denver-based John Slaughter, estimates he has inked 75 percent of his body.  Andersen is fond of charity work, to which he donates most profits from exploring his image - such a 2009 Arby's promotion in Denver that gave "Birdman" glasses.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Andersen 

Calling their union “the world’s first truly global trade book publishing company,” Penguin and Random House finalized on July 1, 2013 a merger that brings together two legacy publishers, at a time when the rise of the Kindle, among other forces, threatens the dominance of the traditional publishing houses.  Random House’s parent company, the German media group Bertelsmann, is to control 53% of the new company, while 47% is to be controlled by Pearson, Penguin’s parent company.  The chief executive of Penguin Random House is Markus Dohle, who has held the same position at Random House since 2008.  The company’s chairman is John Makinson, who has headed the Penguin Group since 2002.  According to a press release, the company will be based in New York and will employ 10,000 people.  The new company is an impressive show of strength, featuring a list that will include "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Fifty Shades of Grey," as well as much of what’s in between.  The new company’s press release says that its combined list includes more than 70 winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature.  It intends to publish 15,000 new titles per year across its 250 imprints.  Alexander Nazaryan   See new logo (Penguin Rando House) at:  http://www.latimes.com/features/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-penguin-and-random-house-finalize-merger-20130701,0,6267513.story

No comments: