Tuesday, March 17, 2020


fell (from Old Norse fellfjall, "mountain") is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain range or moor-covered hills.  The term is most often employed in Fennoscandia, the Isle of Man, parts of Northern England, and Scotland.  See pictures at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fell

Fennoscandia, also referred to as Fenno-Scandinavia, is a geographical cape located in the North Atlantic and Northern Europe commonly referred to as the Nordic region.  The Nordic area is made up of the Kola Peninsula, Karelia, Finland, and the Scandinavian Peninsula.  Fennoscandia encompasses Sweden, Murmansk Oblast, and a large part of Karelia, Finland, Northern Leningrad Oblast, and Norway.  Fennoscandia was coined from the Latin term Fennia meaning Finland and Scandia meaning Scandinavian.  Wilhelm Ramsay, a Finnish geologist, was the first person to use the name Fennoscandia in 1898.  Fennoscandia includes the northwest region of Russia, Finland, Sweden, and Norway.  These regions are home to some of the oldest rocks on Earth which have been studied by numerous geologists for years.  Geologically, the peninsula is entirely different compared to the rest of Europe.  The bedrock on the Peninsula is Archaean gneiss and granite with some limestone, which has undergone abundant deformations through the tectonic activity.  The lithosphere in this peninsula is between 124 and 186 miles thick, and during the ice age epoch, the great ice-sheet weathered and depressed the surface resulting in the creation of a thin glacial material covering and numerous innumerable streams and lakes.  https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/where-is-fennoscandia.html

The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth.  It is made up of the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle.  The lithosphere is the coolest and most rigid part of the Earth.  https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/lithosphere/

'At one fell swoop' is one of those phrases that we may have picked up early in our learning of the language and probably worked out its meaning from the context in which we heard it, without any clear understanding of what each word meant.  Most native English speakers could say what it means but, if we look at it out of context, it doesn't appear to make a great deal of sense.  So, what's a 'fell'?  We use the word in a variety of ways:  to chop, as in fell a tree; a moorland or mountain, like those in the northern UK; the past tense of fall, as in 'he fell over'.  None of those seems to make sense in this phrase and indeed the 'fell' here is none of those.  It's an old word, in use by the 13th century, that's now fallen out of use other than in this phrase, and is the common root of the term 'felon'.  The Oxford English Dictionary defines 'fell' as meaning 'fierce, savage; cruel, ruthless; dreadful, terrible', which is pretty unambiguous.  Shakespeare either coined the phrase, or gave it circulation, in Macbeth.  Link to other phrases and sayings from Shakespeare at https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/at-one-fell-swoop.html

In 1665, following an outbreak of the bubonic plague in England, Cambridge University closed its doors, forcing Isaac Newton to return home to Woolsthorpe Manor.  While sitting in the garden there one day, he saw an apple fall from a tree, providing him with the inspiration to eventually formulate his law of universal gravitation.  Newton later relayed the apple story to William Stukeley, who included it in a book, “Memoir of Sir Isaac Newton’s Life,” published in 1752.  In 2010, a NASA astronaut carried a piece of the ancient apple tree aboard the space shuttle Atlantis for a mission to the International Space Station.  The Royal Society, a scientific organization once headed by Newton, loaned the piece of the tree for the voyage, as part of a celebration of the 350th anniversary of the group’s founding.  Today, the original apple tree continues to grow at Woolsthorpe Manor.  https://www.history.com/news/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-isaac-newton

The good news is that in 2019 the Turkish poet İlhan Çomak won a major award, the Sennur Sezer poetry prize, for his eighth and most recent book of poems, Geldim Sana (I Came to You).  The bad news is that he is in prison and has been in prison for 26 years, since his arrest as a geography student at the age of 22.  All his books have been written in prison.  How did he come to be there?  One factor, most likely the main factor, is that he is Kurdish.  That is not a crime in itself, but belonging to, or even associating with a Kurdish political organisation is.  There is also the specific matter of starting a forest fire, but no serious evidence has ever been brought to prove that.  The only “proof” was his confession under torture and this has been highlighted in any appeals to free him.  It is not unusual in Turkey for writers to be imprisoned.  There have been, and still are, too many to mention here but none has been incarcerated for as long as Çomak.  Some have published from inside, some with great success.  One of Turkey’s greatest poets, Nâzım Hikmet, who died in 1963, spent much of his life in prison or exile.  Georges Szirtes  

A popular video game has become home to a virtual library where players can lay eyes on censored news articles from around the world.  In a virtual library found in Minecraft—a game where users can build virtual worlds out of blocks and create their own storylines—users can access the work of journalists who have been killed, jailed or exiled by governments, including articles by Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.  The project, launched by Reporters Without Borders, design collective Blockworks, advertising agency DDB Germany and production company MediaMonks, gives users access to articles banned in five countries that rank poorly on the nongovernmental organization's World Press Freedom Index:  Egypt, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam.  Work in the library, launched March 12, 2020 to mark the World Day Against Cyber Censorship, is available in English and the original language in which the texts were written.  More than 145 million players are active on the platform each month, Reporters Without Borders said in a statement, adding that the platform offers "unlimited freedom" in countries that have no press freedom.  Amy Woodyatt    https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/13/tech/minecraft-uncensored-library-scli-intl/index.html

10 Household Uses for Rubbing Alcohol by Erin Huffstetler  Includes cleaning glass, water spots, grime from keyboards and phones, and how to make hand sanitizer.

During the 19th century, four major outbreaks of cholera between 1832 and 1866 ravaged London communities and led to the death of tens of thousands of people.  Cholera ('Asiatic cholera') had spread from the Indian subcontinent to Europe.  Attempts were made to stem the arrival of the disease, with the quarantine of incoming ships (Gazette issue 18807).  Doctor and anaesthetist John Snow’s investigation suggested another means of transmission more likely.  Snow’s conclusion by 1849, in his paper, 'On the Mode of Communication of Cholera', was that cholera spread through ingesting contaminated water, rather than inhaling a noxious form of bad air.  Snow had sought evidence to back up his theory, such as a workhouse that was close to the Broad Street pump and a prime site for cholera to take hold.  But only 5 of the 530 inmates had contracted cholera, because nobody from the workhouse drank the pump water, as the building had its own well.  And at the Lion Brewery, workers were given an allowance of free beer every day so never drank water, and there were no fatalities.  https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/100519

March 16, 2020  With more school closures across the country imminent including in Minnesota and Wisconsin because of the coronavirus pandemic, restaurants, businesses and community organizations are turning their attention toward feeding kids in need.  Hope Breakfast Bar in St. Paul on Monday announced it will temporarily close the restaurant to start operating as a community kitchen.  The West Seventh Street restaurant started offering breakfast takeout bags to families in need last weekend.  More requests are expected to flood in, especially with schools slated to close in Minnesota and Wisconsin running through at least March 27 for Minnesota and at least April 6 for Wisconsin.  Nancy Ngo  https://www.twincities.com/2020/03/16/restaurants-begin-offering-meals-to-feed-hungry-kids-and-families/  See also Around the country, restaurants are serving free food to kids at The Washington Post  March 17, 2020

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2241  March 17, 2020

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