Wednesday, June 13, 2018


Move over, 'Laurel or Yanny':  Study looks at why we hear talking as singing after many repetitions  University of Kansas   New research appearing June 8, 2018 in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE explores these ideas further.  A team from the University of Kansas has investigated the "Speech-to-Song Illusion," where a spoken phrase is repeated and begins to sound as if it were being sung.  "There's this neat auditory illusion called the Speech-to-Song Illusion that musicians in the '60s knew about and used to artistic effect—but scientists didn't start investigating it until the '90s," said Michael Vitevitch, professor and chair of psychology at KU, who conducted the study with undergraduate and graduate student researchers in the department's Spoken Language Laboratory.  "The illusion occurs when a spoken phrase is repeated— but after it's repeated several times it begins to sound like it's being sung instead of spoken."  The KU researcher said previous studies have looked at characteristics of phrases that contribute to the illusion and have elicited the phenomenon in speakers of English, German and Mandarin.  Further studies have shown brain regions that process speech to be active when a phrase is perceived as speech while brain regions that process music fire when the phrase is heard as song.  Read more at https://phys.org/news/2018-06-laurel-yanny-repetitions.html

Phrases from The Lost Art of Mixing, a sequel to the novel The School of Essential Ingredients by Erica Bauermeister  *  a sweater Swiss-cheesed by moths   https://fullenglishbooks.com/english-books/full-book-lost-art-of-mixing-9781101609187-read-online-chapter-14  *  condescension . . . a natural by-product of adolescence  *  https://fullenglishbooks.com/english-books/full-book-lost-art-of-mixing-9781101609187-read-online-chapter-16

Who is Erica Bauermeister?  I was born in Pasadena, California, back when that part of the country was both one of the loveliest and smoggiest places you could imagine.  I remember the arching branches of the oak tree in our front yard, the center of the patio that formed a private entrance to our lives.  I remember leaning over a water faucet to run water across my eyes after a day spent playing outside.  It’s never too early to learn that there is always more than one side to life.  I have always wanted to write, but when I read Tillie Olsen’s “I Stand Here Ironing” in college, I finally knew what I wanted to write--books that took what many considered to be unimportant bits of life and gave them beauty, shone light upon their meaning.  The only other thing I knew for certain back in college, however, was that I wasn’t grown up enough yet to write them.  So I moved to Seattle, got married, and got a PhD at the University of Washington.  Frustrated by the lack of women authors in the curriculum, I co-authored 500 Great Books by Women:  A Reader’s Guide with Holly Smith and Jesse Larsen and Let’s Hear It For the Girls:  375 Great Books for Readers 2-14 with Holly Smith.  In the process I read, literally, thousands of books, good and bad, which is probably one of the best educations a writer can have.  http://www.ericabauermeister.com/about

Honey Bees Grasp the Concept of Zero Finds Study by Loukia Papadopoulos  A new study published in Science http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1124.full has revealed that honey bees can grasp the concept of zero, an ability previously believed to be reserved for more evolved species.  The paper, entitled "Numerical ordering of zero in honey bees", is a collaboration of RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, the University of Toulouse in France and Monash University in Clayton, Australia.  “We’ve long believed only humans had the intelligence to get the concept (of zero), but recent research has shown monkeys and birds have the brains for it as well.  What we haven’t known--until now--is whether insects can also understand zero," said RMIT University's Associate Professor Adrian Dyer.  Dyer and his colleagues designed a series of targeted experiments to test honey bees' potential to grasp the concept of the number zero.  In the first experiment, the bees were evaluated on their ability to understand the concepts of less than and greater than.  In the second test, the researchers assessed the extent to which the insects understood the concept of zero in comparison with other animals.  Finally, in a third round, the bees' grasp on the less-than concept using the numbers zero to six was appraised.  The findings were nothing short of impressive. The researchers determined that the honey bees not only comprehended the concepts of greater than and less in reference to a blank stimulus representing the number zero, but they were also able to place zero in relational order to other numbers. https://interestingengineering.com/honey-bees-grasp-the-concept-of-zero-finds-study

PRX presented a short drama based on an alternative history where the Apollo 11 lander came down on the edge of a crater and tipped over.  The lander was damaged beyond repair, so a takeoff was impossible; the oxygen tanks were ruptured, so Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had only the oxygen provided by their space suits, and all communications were destroyed with both Houston and the command module.  We heard only their communications with each other.  It was very well done, and at the end an actor played the role of President Nixon giving an address to the world about the failure of the mission.  This address was actually written in 1969 by William Safire, a brilliant writer who was then a speechwriter for Nixon, as a contingency to be broadcast by Nixon in the event of a failure resulting in the deaths of the two astronauts.  Well done, with the brevity and pithiness of the Gettysburg Address, but thankfully not needed!   Thank you, Muse reader for your June 8, 2018 email!  Read Safire's July 18, 1969 two-page memo to H.R. Haldeman (a presidential statement in the event of moon disaster) at https://www.archives.gov/files/presidential-libraries/events/centennials/nixon/images/exhibit/rn100-6-1-2.pdf

The Public Radio Exchange (PRX) is a nonprofit web-based platform for digital distribution, review, and licensing of radio programs.  The organization claims to be the largest on-demand catalog of public radio programs available for broadcast and Internet use.  It was formerly known as Public Radio Remix.  As of 2011, two radio stations, KPBZ in SpokaneWashington and WREM in CantonNew York, air a full-time schedule of programming from PRX, branded as Public Radio Remix.  Both stations are owned by the same organizations as their markets' primary National Public Radio affiliates.  PRX Remix also airs on Sirius XM Channel 123.  Several other public radio stations air some, but not all, Public Radio Exchange programming in their schedules.  See list of programs distributed by PRX at

June 12, 2018  Macedonia Gets New Name, Ending 27-Year Dispute With Greece by Laura Wamsley   Ever since the Republic of Macedonia declared its independence in 1991, Greece has been fighting the country over its name.  On June 12, 2018 the 27-year impasse ended as two nations finally came to a resolution:  The former Yugoslav republic is getting a new name, the Republic of North Macedonia. When Yugoslavia disintegrated, one of its pieces declared itself the Republic of Macedonia.  But its southern neighbor, Greece, has regions that use the same name, and both countries argued that they had the rightful claim to it.  The issue has been heated, and one with very real repercussions for Macedonia:  It hasn't been able to join the European Union or NATO because Greece opposed its name.  It was admitted to the United Nations as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, because of Greece's objection.  Read more at https://www.npr.org/2018/06/12/619294020/macedonia-gets-new-name-ending-27-year-dispute-with-greece

Samuel Tom Holidayone of the last surviving Navajo Code Talkers who used his native language to create an uncrackable code to help win World War II, died in Southern Utah on June 11, 2018 Monday at the age of 94.  Navajo leaders believe fewer than 10 Code Talkers are still alive today.  The exact number is unknown because the program remained classified for decades after the war.  Holiday was 19 when he went through Marine Corps boot camp in 1943.  He joined a group of Native Americans who used their native language, which had complex grammar and was unfamiliar to the rest of the world, to develop a communication code for the U.S. military that enemies could not decipher.  Twenty-nine Navajos were recruited to launch the Code Talkers program, but there were more than 400 by the end of the war. David DeMille  Read more and see pictures at https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/06/12/navajo-code-talker-samuel-holiday-dies/693943002/

The National Security Council has said that it made the video Donald Trump showed to Kim Jong-un at their Singapore summit on June 12, 2018 in an unorthodox effort to persuade him of the benefits of denuclearisation.  The four-minute video in Korean and English was made in the style of an extended action movie trailer and portrayed Kim and Trump as men of destiny with the future of the world in their hands.  The video, which Trump showed to the press after playing it on an iPad for Kim, is credited to “Destiny Pictures Productions”, prompting a flurry of press inquiries to a film production company of that name in California.  Mark Castaldo, the company’s founder, said in an email it had “no involvement in the video”.  Garrett Marquis, an NSC spokesman said in a statement: “The video was created by the National Security Council to help the president demonstrate the benefits of complete denuclearization, and a vision of a peaceful and prosperous Korean peninsula.”  When asked about the decision to present the video as made by a non-existent company, an NSC spokesman said there would be no further comment.  “From my understanding, they were just using ‘Destiny Pictures’ as a play on words.  It just so happens there’s a studio by that name in California,” said Ned Price, a former NSC spokesman.  Julian Borger

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1901  June 13, 2018

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