Monday, August 7, 2017

WHO SAID THAT?
“Leave no stone unturned.”  Euripides (c.485–406 BCE)   Greek playwright Euripides prospered at the court of Archelaus, king of Macedonia, and it is said he won first prize in five dramatic contests.  His tragedy Herakleidae contains the expression “turn every stone,” which over time has metamorphosed into the common expression we hear today. 
“Necessity is the mother of invention.”  Plato (427–347 BCE)   The famous statement appears in Book II of Greek philisopher's masterpiece, The Republic (c.375 BCE).  The sage’s premise is that necessity is the creator of the ideal state, one which would administer justice, uphold the law and provide a stable society whose individuals could prosper to the best of their capabilities.  The original quote translates as, “The true creator is necessity, who is the mother of our invention.”  The folk process has expanded upon Plato’s wisdom to produce the common saying, “Necessity is the mother of invention and peril is the father.”
“There’s no getting blood out of a turnip.”  Frederick Marryat (1792–1848)   One of Frederick Marryat’s most popular novels was Japhet in Search of a Father (1836).  Japhet, preparing for a future as a doctor, and a boy named Timothy, begin apprenticing for an apothecary.  Japhet first learns how to draw blood from a cabbage leaf before his mentor lets him use his arm, and Timothy mutters the popular saying, continuing, “but it seems there is more chance with a cabbage.” 
“The shot heard round the world.”  Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)   Ralph Waldo Emerson’s immortal line is now used principally by sports reporters to describe dramatic home runs or holes-in-one.  In the final inning of the final game of the National League playoffs in 1951, Robert “Bobby” Thompson’s three-run homer won the pennant for the New York Giants.  It was universally hailed as “the shot heard round the world.”  The original, however, had nothing to do with athletics.  It appeared in Emerson’s Concord Hymn (1837), a poem written to celebrate the second battle of the American War of Independence:  By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world.  Joseph Ajlouny  Read more at http://www.josephsajlouny.com/who-said-that/

The prehistoric White Horse of Uffington is one of the oldest hill figures in Britain, and is believed to have inspired the creation of all the other white horse hill figures in the region.  Mystery abounds the creation of the White Horse--who made it, when and why?   ome historians believe the figure represents a horse goddess connected with the local Belgae tribe, others believe it is Celtic goddess Epona, protector of horses, while an alternative theory suggests it is not a horse at all but the mythical dragon slain by Saint George.  Oxfordshire, the region in which the figure is found, and its neighbouring county of Wiltshire, are home to many white horse hill figures.  There are or were at least twenty-four of these hill figures in Britain, with no less than thirteen being in Wiltshire.  However, the White Horse of Uffington is the only one with known prehistoric origin.  Initially believed to date back to the Iron Age due to similar images found depicted on coins from that period, more recent dating by the Oxford Archaeological Unit placed the hill figure in the Bronze Age, some 3000 years ago.  The Uffington White Horse is high on an escarpment of the Berkshire Downs below Whitehorse Hill, a mile and a half south of the village of Uffington.  Measuring some 374 feet in length, the stylised image was created by digging trenches into the earth some ten feet wide, exposing the white chalk bedrock below.  The shape of the horse has changed over the centuries.  The present outline may be only a part of the original: aerial photography shows that a larger, more conventional shape of a horse lies beneath.  The loss of shape has been caused by slippage of the top soil and by repeated recutting.  April Holloway  Read more and see pictures at  http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/mystery-white-horse-uffington-001445

National Geographic Photographer of the Year Contest 2017   Grand prize winner:  "The Power of Nature" by Sergio Tapiro Velasco  A powerful eruption illuminates the slopes of Mexico's Colima Volcano.  Browse by categories at

The Hatch Act of 1939, officially An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law whose main provision prohibits employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president, vice-president, and certain designated high-level officials of that branch, from engaging in some forms of political activity.  It went into law on August 2, 1939.  The law was named for Senator Carl Hatch of New Mexico.  Read about provisions, restrictions, applicability, challenges, amendments and more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatch_Act_of_1939

The scot in scot-free is related to the noun shot (associated with the verb shoot), influenced by cognate words in Scandinavian languages.  The modern Scandinavian equivalents are Swedish and Norwegian skatt, Danish skat, and Icelandic skattur, meaning ‘tax’.  Scot is attested from Middle English with reference to various types of taxes, dues, and payments.  In modern English, it is used primarily in historical contexts. Ralph Waldo Emerson is cited in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) for his use of the word in describing the ‘personal independence’ of the Saxons:  ‘No reliance for bread and games on the government, no clanship, no patriarchal style of living by the revenues of a chief, no marrying-on, no system of clientship suits them; but every man must pay his scot’ (1860 ‘Wealth’ in The Conduct of Life).  Scot-free arose in the 16th century as an alteration of the earlier term shot-free.  It probably originated in the sense ‘not required to pay a scot (tax or fee)’ or ‘free of charge’, as in this example from 1792:  ‘Scot-free the Poets drank and ate; They paid no taxes to the State!’ (John Wolcot, Odes of Condolence).  This meaning is no longer common, but it seems to have been used as late as 1921, in hearings before the US Senate Committee on Finance:  ‘The common laborer does not know that that act [on taxation] was passed.  He is scot free at 40 cents an hour’.  However, the earliest attested evidence for scot-free in the OED is in the sense that is more common today, in a more generalized meaning of ‘without being punished’, dating from as early as 1528.  Thus, in his epistolary novel Pamela (1740), Samuel Richardson wrote ‘She should not, for all the Trouble she has cost you, go away scot-free.’  Scot and lot referred to local or municipal taxes; by extension, it came to be used as an adjective to designate a man who paid such taxes and hence was eligible to vote or (more generally) was respectable: ‘May we not regret that potwallopers, and scot and lot men, and freemen then lost their privilege?’ (1865 Liverpool Mercury 12 Oct.).  In the context of British politics, scot and lot also referred to a system of voting which restricted the franchise to men who paid ‘scot and lot.’  Scot came up in religious contexts as well.  Rome-scot was an annual tax paid to the papal see at Rome in pre-Reformation England, and soul-scot was money paid on behalf of a deceased person to their former church.  The most intriguing scot compound is probably scot-ale.  According to the OED, this referred to ‘a festivity or “ale” held by the lord of a manor or a forester or other bailiff, for which a contribution was exacted and at which attendance was probably compulsory’; in other words, a party that one was compelled to attend, and for which was also compelled to pay a cover charge.  Katherine Connor Martin  http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/04/scot-free-origin/

"The greatest superpower you can have is your mind," says filmmaker and Broadway producer Amanda Lipitz, whose new documentary, Step, will open in theaters nationwide August 18, 2017.  The Sundance Film Festival hit goes where scripted stories this summer have not:  into the inner city of Baltimore.  The protagonists are high school seniors at a rigorous charter school that aims to have every student accepted to college—and many are the first in their families to go.  Their bond is step, a dynamic performance tradition that uses the body as both a percussive and expressive instrument.  They call themselves the Lethal Ladies of BLSYW (Baltimore Leadership School for Young Women).  The teens come from low-income homes where covering basic needs, like food and electricity, is "incredibly challenging," says Lipitz.  Her cameras followed them into school and the gym, where the step dance team practiced.  The extracurricular activity came with strings, requiring a 2.0 GPA—and daily school attendance.  As a school rule, "if you miss school, you miss step practice," says Lipitz, who calls the strict policy a "life raft" for team members like recent graduate and team captain Blessin Giraldo, who "even at 11 knew she needed something to keep her connected to school—and that was her way of doing it."  Lipitz filmed the teens for years, but found the strongest content came from the students' junior and senior years, when those who had put in the work came under consideration from colleges like Johns Hopkins and Alabama A&M, and those who had not faced a probable life sentence in poverty.   Since filming ended in 2016, the three protagonists highlighted—Giraldo, Cori Grainger and Tayla Solomon, all 19—have remained in college.  What's more, the Baltimore school's first graduating class of 2016 earned $800,000 in college scholarships.  The women filmed were also granted individual scholarships from film producers (Lipitz declined to specify the amount) after the film sold in a bidding war for $4 million at Sundance.  Andrea Mandell  https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2017/08/02/why-baltimore-dance-documentary-step-actually-superhero-movie/530517001/


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1749  August 7, 2017  On this date in 1782, George Washington ordered the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers wounded in battle.  It was later renamed  the Purple Heart.  On this date in 1927, the Peace Bridge opened between Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New Yorkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_7

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