Latin phrases still used today:
carpe diem, de facto, per se, ad hoc, vice versa, status quo, quid pro
quo, pro bono, and bona fide. Latin words still used today: alibi, bonus, ergo, re, semi, and verbatim.
Etymologically, the
"synergy" term was first used around 1600, deriving from the Greek word “synergos”,
which means “to work together” or “to cooperate”. If during this period the synergy concept was
mainly used in the theological field (describing “the cooperation of human
effort with divine will”), in the 19th and 20th centuries, "synergy"
was promoted in physics and biochemistry, being implemented in the study of the
open economic systems only in the 1960 and 1970s. If used
in a business application, synergy means that teamwork will produce an overall
better result than if each person within the group were working toward the same
goal individually. However, the concept
of group cohesion needs to be considered. Group cohesion is that property that is
inferred from the number and strength of mutual positive attitudes among
members of the group. As the group
becomes more cohesive, its functioning is affected in a number of ways. First, the interactions and communication
between members increase. Common goals, interests and small size all contribute
to this. In addition, group member
satisfaction increases as the group provides
friendship and support against outside threats.
There are negative aspects of group cohesion that have an effect on
group decision-making and hence on group effectiveness. There are two issues arising. The risky
shift phenomenon is the tendency of a group to make decisions that are
riskier than those that the group would have recommended individually. Group Polarisation is when individuals in a
group begin by taking a moderate stance on an issue regarding a common value
and, after having discussed it, end up taking a more extreme stance. A second, potential negative consequence of
group cohesion is group think. Group
think is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved
in cohesive group, when the members' striving for unanimity overrides their
motivation to appraise realistically the alternative courses of action. The term synergy was refined by R. Buckminster Fuller, who analyzed some of
its implications more fully and coined the term Synergetics. Read more
at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergy
The name Occitan comes from lenga d'òc ("language
of òc"), òc being the Occitan word for yes.
While the term would have been in use orally for some time after the decline of
Latin, as far as historical records show, the Italian medieval poet Dante was the first to have recorded the term lingua
d'oc in writing. In his De vulgari eloquentia,
he wrote in Latin, "nam alii oc, alii si, alii vero dicunt oil"
("for some say òc, others sì, yet others say oïl"),
thereby highlighting three major Romance literary languages that were well known in Italy, based on each
language's word for "yes", the òc language (Occitan),
the oïl language (French), and the sì language (Sicilian
and Italian). This was not, of course,
the only defining characteristic of each group.
The long-term survival of Occitan is in grave doubt. According to the UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages, four
of the six major dialects of Occitan (Provençal, Auvergnat, Limousin and Languedocien) are considered severely
endangered, whereas the remaining two
(Gascon and Vivaro-Alpine) are considered definitely
endangered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_language See also Occitan Language at http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Occitan/Occitan.html
Occident noun the West; the countries of Europe and America. Western Hemisphere. lowercase: the west; the western regions. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/occident
Orient noun the countries of Asia, especially East Asia. (formerly) the countries to the E of the Mediterranean. Jewelry: the iridescence of a pearl.
the east; the eastern region of the heavens or the world. verb: to familiarize (a person) with new surroundings or circumstances
or
to place in any definite position with reference to the points of the
compass or other locations or
to direct or position toward a particular object. adjective: (of a gem or pearl) exceptionally fine and lustrous http://www.dictionary.com/browse/orient?s=t
interesting word choices from The Last Minute, Sam Capra
series #2, a novel by Jeff Abbott "earplugged
into oblivion" "electronic
breadcrumbs" "the kind of kid
whose fingertips felt lonely without a keyboard"
Jeff
Abbott (born
1963) is a U.S. suspense novelist. He
has degrees in History and English from Rice University. He lives
in Austin, Texas. His early
novels were traditional detective fiction, but in recent years he has turned to writing thriller fiction. A theme of his work is the idea of ordinary
people caught up in extraordinary danger and fighting to return to their normal
lives. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Abbott
RECOMMENDED COFFEE TABLE BOOKS Encyclopedia of Amazing Places, Discover Famous Places of the
World by Robert Hamilton Paragon Press,
2009. Plantation Homes of the James
River by Bruce Roberts The University of
North Carolina Press, 1990. The Great
Book of Trains by Brian Hollingsworth and Arthur F. Cook Salamander Books Ltd, 1987.
The Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery set sail from London on
December 20, 1606, bound for Virginia. The ships carried 105 passengers
and 39 crew members on the four-month transatlantic voyage. The expedition was sponsored by the
Virginia Company of London, a business venture that had been
organized to form a colony in Virginia. The fleet reached the Virginia coast in
late April and, after two weeks of inland waterway exploration, arrived at
the selected settlement site on May 13, 1607. http://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown-settlement/jamestown-ships/
The leaders of the expedition chose
a peninsula
connected to the north bank of the river by a sandy
isthmus. Having already named the river
in honor of King James I of England, who had authorized the expedition, the leaders named
the site Jamestown. Plantation Homes of the James River
Long ago some unsung hero must have put strips of wood on the
ground to allow his horse to pull a heavier load. Then came "plateways" using
cast-iron flanged plates; then came wrought-iron rails, and finally steel
rails. The first steam locomotive, built
in Wales in 1804, is attributed to Richard Trevithick. The first use of steam on a public railway
was George and Robert Stephenson's Locomotion
in 1825. Public meant anyone could run a
train by paying an appropriate toll. The
first inter-city rail began in 1830 between Liverpool and Manchester. The first serious challenge to steam
locomotion came in early Victorian times from the atmospheric system. The first electric locomotive in public
service began in 1879. The Great Book of
Trains See also http://rediscoverstockton.co.uk/heritage/the-stockton-railway-locomotion-sculpture/
Surviving members of Lynyrd Skynyrd won a permanent
injunction blocking the production and distribution of a movie depicting the
1977 plane crash that killed the rock band’s lead singer, Ronnie Van Zant. In a decision made public on August 28, 2017,
U.S. District Court Judge Robert Sweet in Manhattan said “Street Survivors: The True Story of the Lynyrd Skynyrd Plane
Crash,” based on recollections of former drummer Artimus Pyle, violated a 1988
consent order governing the use of the Lynyrd Skynyrd name. Sweet issued his 64-page decision after a
non-jury trial on July 11-12, 2017. The case is Ronnie Van Zant Inc et al v. Pyle et al,
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 17-03360. Jonathan Stemple https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-notredame-idUSKCN1B91OR
U.S. District Court Judge Jed S. Rakoff dismissed Sarah Palin's defamation lawsuit
against The New York Times on
August 29, 2017. Read opinion and order
at
http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com Issue 1763
August 30, 2017 On this date in 1984,
the Space
Shuttle Discovery took off on its maiden
voyage. On this date in 1991, Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declared
independence from Soviet Union. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_30
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