In 1842 Italian mathematician and politician Luigi Federico Menabrea published "Notions sur la machine analytique de M. Charles Babbage" in Bibliothèque universelle de Genève, nouvelle série 41 (1842) 352–76.  This was the first published account of Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine and the first account of its logical design, including the first examples of computer programs ever published.  As is well known, Babbage’s conception and design of his Analytical Engine—the first general purpose programmable digital computer—were so far ahead of the imagination of his mathematical and scientific colleagues that few expressed much curiosity regarding it.  Babbage first conceived the Analytical Engine in 1834.  This general-purpose mechanical machine—never completely constructed—embodied in its design most of the features of the general-purpose programmable digital computer.  In its conception and design Babbage incorporated ideas and names from the textile industry, including data and program input, output, and storage on punched cards similar to those used in Jacquard looms, a central processing unit called the "mill," and memory called the "store."  The only presentation that Babbage made concerning the design and operation of the Analytical Engine was to a group of Italian scientists.  In 1840 Babbage traveled to Torino (Turin) Italy to make a presentation on the Analytical Engine.  Babbage’s talk, complete with charts, drawings, models, and mechanical notations, emphasized the Engine’s signal feature: its ability to guide its own operations—what we call conditional branching.  In attendance at Babbage’s lecture was the young Italian mathematician Luigi Federico Menabrea (later prime minister of Italy), who prepared from his notes an account of the principles of the Analytical Engine.  Reflecting a lack of urgency regarding radical innovation unimaginable to us today, Menabrea did not get around to publishing his paper until two years after Babbage made his presentation, and when he did so he published it in French in a Swiss journal.  Shortly after Menabrea’s paper appeared Babbage was refused government funding for construction of the machine.  "In keeping with the more general nature and immaterial status of the Analytical Engine, Menabrea’s account dealt little with mechanical details. Instead he described the functional organization and mathematical operation of this more flexible and powerful invention.  To illustrate its capabilities, he presented several charts or tables of the steps through which the machine would be directed to go in performing calculations and finding numerical solutions to algebraic equations.  These steps were the instructions the engine’s operator would punch in coded form on cards to be fed into the machine; hence, the charts constituted the first computer programs [emphasis ours].  Menabrea’s charts were taken from those Babbage brought to Torino to illustrate his talks there"(Stein, Ada: A Life and Legacy, 92).  Menabrea’s 23-page paper was translated into English the following year by Lord Byron’s daughter, Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, who, in collaboration with Babbage, added a series of lengthy notes enlarging on the intended design and operation of Babbage’s machine.  Menabrea’s paper and Ada Lovelace’s translation represent the only detailed publications on the Analytical Engine before Babbage’s account in his autobiography (1864).  Menabrea himself wrote only two other very brief articles about the Analytical Engine in 1855, primarily concerning his gratification that Countess Lovelace had translated his paper.  Hook & Norman, Origins of Cyberspace (2002) No. 60.  In October 1843, Ada Lovelace's "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage . . . with Notes by the Translator" was published in Scientific Memoirs, Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies 3 (1843):  666-731 plus 1 folding chart.  At Babbage’s suggestion, Lady Lovelace added seven explanatory notes to her translation, which run about three times the length of the original.  Her annotated translation has been called “” (Bromley, “Introduction” in Babbage, Henry Prevost, , xv).  As Babbage never published a detailed description of the Analytical Engine, Ada’s translation of Menabrea’s paper, with its lengthy explanatory notes, represents the most complete contemporary account in English of this much-misunderstood machine.  http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=546

Explanation of Ada Lovelace's Notes to Menabrea's article on the Analytical Engine, A-C http://93796462.weebly.com/notes-a-c.html  Explanation of Ada Lovelace's Notes to Menabrea's article on the Analytical Engine, D-G http://93796462.weebly.com/notes-d-g.html

American writer Shirley Jackson (1916-1965)  attended the University of Rochester and then Syracuse University, where she became fiction editor of the campus humor magazine.  After graduating in 1940, Jackson moved to New York City.  She began to write professionally, her works appearing in such publications as The New Yorker, Redbook, The Saturday Evening Post and The Ladies' Home Journal.  Her first novel, The Road Through The Wall, was published in 1948.  Also in 1948, The New Yorker published Jackson's short story, "The Lottery."  "The Lottery" generated the most mail in the history of The New Yorker, with many readers expressing confusion about underlying meanings and anger over its disturbing ending.  Despite the backlash, "The Lottery" became one of the most significant short stories of its era.  It was eventually translated into dozens of languages, and adapted for radio, television and the stage.  http://www.biography.com/people/shirley-jackson-9351425

President Trump's administration filed a petition with the U.S. Supreme Court June 1, 2017  seeking to reverse rulings by lower courts in Hawaii and Maryland that blocked a temporary ban on travel to the United States from six majority-Muslim countries.  The Trump administration says the Constitution gives the president "broad authority to prevent aliens abroad from entering this country when he deems it in the nation's interest."  Federal judges issued a nationwide temporary restraining order and injunction that blocked the travel ban in March, after separate legal challenges were mounted by the International Refugee Assistance Project (which filed its suit in Maryland) and by the state of Hawaii.  Last month, the Maryland district court's preliminary injunction was upheld by the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals, with the chief judge writing that the travel ban "drips with religious intolerance, animus, and discrimination."  The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals heard arguments in the administration's request for a stay pending appeal to lift the Hawaii injunction on May 15, but it has not yet ruled.   http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531158852/trump-asks-supreme-court-to-reinstate-travel-ban

Wilbur ‘Bill’ Woods, former Director of City Planning for the boroughs of Staten Island (1974-1977), Brooklyn (1977-1989) and, until 2011, head of the city’s Waterfront and Open Space division, died May 22, 2017 at his home in the Catskill mountains.  Woods defined what it meant to be a dedicated civil servant and—in his quiet and thoughtful way—did as much as any person to create a workable vision for the nearly 550-mile waterfront of New York City.  He not only helped conceptualize this important city edge but worked with politicians and other decision makers to see it through to implementation, even if in an abbreviated form.  He studied architecture at Cornell and came to New York where he dedicated himself to regional and city planning.  Woods was also a teacher at Pratt Institute and Hunter College where he taught planning surveys and a course Planning for the Waterfront to future professionals and architects.  He created a thorough survey course, nearly from scratch, that taught all the aspects of the profession, from zoning to housing and open space development.  Thus two generations of New York–educated architects learned all they knew about planning and how it effected their profession from Woods’s required course.  https://archpaper.com/2017/05/wilbur-woods-obit/  Thank Mr. Woods, in part, for thе proliferation оf waterborne transportation in New York Citу, frоm commuter ferries tо kaуaks; for high-rise housing with harbor vistas; for ribbons оf riverfront greensward; аnd for thе continuing transformation оf thе world’s largest landfill, оn Staten Island, into a recreation area nearlу three times thе size оf Central Park.  http://usanewsguide.com/2017/05/31/bill-w%D0%BE%D0%BEds-new-y%D0%BErk-urban-planner-and-her%D0%BE-%D0%BEf-the-harb%D0%BEr-dies-at-78/

How a Supreme Court ruling on printer cartridges changes what it means to buy almost anything by Brian Fung  May 31, 2017   Last week, the Supreme Court dealt a major blow to corporations that try to use patent law as a weapon against other firms, saying that companies can only be sued for patent infringement in the places they actually do business.  Now, the Court has ruled again along those same lines, handing a victory to consumer groups in a case about printer cartridges—or more specifically, toner cartridges, the kind used by laser printers.  The case has huge implications for the way we think about technology ownership in America, and your rights as a user.  Here's what you need to know.  The case is called Impression Products v. Lexmark.  Read May 30, 2017 opinion at  https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/files/2017/05/supreme_court_opinion_impression_products_v_lexmark.pdf?tid=a_inl   Lexmark does a lot of business with corporate customers, so if you work in an office, you might know the name from seeing it on your printers there.  Those machines rely on toner cartridges, which must be changed every so often when they run out, just like ink cartridges in your home printer.  And just like home printing, laser printing hinges on a razor-and-blades business model where much of the manufacturer's income depends on the reliable sale of new toner cartridges.  To protect its business model, Lexmark basically did some things that made it harder for people to get cheap, used cartridges on the secondhand market.  Those tactics were designed to make it more likely for customers to choose Lexmark's own cartridges, according to the Court.  While there's nothing specifically illegal about this, the Court said, a company such as Lexmark can't try to use patent law to stop other companies, such as Impression, from reselling its old cartridges.  Read more at https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/05/31/how-a-supreme-court-ruling-on-printer-cartridges-changes-what-it-means-to-buy-almost-anything/?utm_term=.80ab208af270

June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar and its predecessor, the Julian calendar.  It is believed that the month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, who is the wife of Jupiter and is also equivalent to the Greek goddess Hera.  Another belief is that the month’s name comes from the Latin work iuniores which means “younger ones”.  Old English - Junius Latin name - Junius mensis - Month of Juno  Old French - Juin  June was originally the fourth month of the year in the Roman calendar and consisted of 30 days.  It became the fifth month with a length of 29 days when Numa reformed the Roman calendar.  During the Julian reform, June was given a length of 30 days again.

https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/months/june.html

National Doughnut Day, or National Donut Day--celebrated in the United States, is on the first Friday of June of each year, succeeding the Doughnut event created by The Salvation Army in Chicago in 1938 to honor those of their members who served doughnuts to soldiers during World War I.  The holiday celebrates the doughnut (a.k.a. donut)--an edible, torus-shaped piece of dough which is deep-fried and sweetened.   Read more and see graphics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Doughnut_Day

Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto candidly waded into the world of international climate policy after President Trump pulled the blue-collar steel town into his announcement that the United States would withdraw from the Paris climate agreement.  "I was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris," the president said from the White House on Thursday.  "I promised I would exit or renegotiate any deal which fails to serve America's interests."  Trump's alliterative turn-of-phrase came during a speech in which he explained how the worldwide effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was costing Americans jobs.  The quote was tweeted by Press Secretary Sean Spicer.  Peduto was fast with his Twitter finger to reply.  Sean Rossman  See the Tweetstorm at https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/06/01/pittsburgh-mayor-calls-out-trump-paris-climate-agreement-speech/363466001/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1717  June 2, 2017  On this date in 1907, Dorothy West, American journalist and author, was born.  On this date in 1967, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles was released in the United States.