Outsiders don't get Long Island; most New Yorkers don't understand it . . . What off-islanders see is the 24-karat gilding along the edges where the money flows . . .  Where it Hurts, a novel by Reed Farrel Coleman

Ona is a Chon (Selknam) language of Argentina.  It is most closely related to the Tehuelche language.  Ona is a seriously endangered language, still spoken today by only a handful of elders on Tierra del Fuego.  Some linguists consider Ona and Selknam to have been distinct languages while others consider them dialects of a single language, but with so few speakers surviving, the point is nearly moot.  http://www.native-languages.org/ona.htm  Tehuelche (Aoniken) is a Chon language of Argentina, still spoken today by only a handful of Patagonian elders.  It is most closely related to the Ona language.  http://www.native-languages.org/tehuelche.htm

When is a Patagonia toothfish not a Patagonian toothfish?  When it’s a Chilean sea bass.  This name change was part of a larger marketing campaign that transformed a once-obscure Arctic fish into a common menu item in high-end restaurants across the world–leading to a frenzy of overfishing, and an inevitable population crash for the poor toothfish.  Tricky wordplay crops up all the time when it comes to fish.  Slimefish became orange roughy, Asian carp became silverfin, and the evocative whore’s egg or sea urchin is now better known as uni.  Other changes reflect changing sensibilities:  it’s probably been a while since you saw mahi-mahi listed as dolphin.  The renaming phenomena isn’t limited to species names.  Tuna  “loin” taps into associations with a tender beef loin, despite the fact that, lacking pelvises, tuna don’t actually have loins.  https://www.nextnature.net/2013/07/food-familiarization-1-semantic-tricks/

Kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis, was formerly known as the Chinese gooseberry.  Surprisingly, although it is associated with New Zealand, kiwifruit actually originated in the Chang Kiang Valley of China.  New hybrids include the baby kiwis, which are green, smooth, about the size of table grapes, and eaten much like them.  Today, California provides 95 percent of the US crop.  Out of the four main varieties, the most popular is the "Hayward," a variety developed by New Zealand horticulturist Hayward Wright.  Luckily, the opposite growing season of New Zealand makes kiwifruit available year-round in the Northern hemisphere.  New Zealanders do not take kindly to the fruit being referred to as a kiwi, preferring kiwifruit. The kiwi is a small flightless bird native to New Zealand, a term New Zealanders often use in reference to themselves.  Peggy Trowbridge Filippone  http://homecooking.about.com/od/foodhistory/a/kiwihistory.htm

Garam Masala is the Indian equivalent of French herbes de Provence or Chinese five-spice powder.  The recipe changes from region to region within northern India and can be varied according to whim.  Here, rosebuds (found in Indian or Middle Eastern markets) add an exciting floral note, but you can substitute black cardamom, fennel seeds (in the style of Kashmir), or a teaspoon of royal cumin (shahi or kala zeera, also found in Indian markets)—or just eliminate the roses altogether.  Once you taste the difference that this simple powder makes in your cooking, you will find it worth the investment of cupboard space.  As a rule Garam Masala is only added at the last step of cooking, almost like a fresh herb, because it tends to become bitter if cooked too long.   http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/garam-masala-240907

Chinese five-spice powder  http://www.food.com/recipe/five-spice-powder-66216

Herbs de Provence  http://allrecipes.com/recipe/223272/herbs-de-provence/

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From:  Janet Blixt   Subject:  apricity  An apricot is a sun you can hold in your hand.

From:  John van Rosendale  Subject:  apricity  There’s a charming French term, lézarder ... to bask in the sun like a lizard.

From:  Cleve Callison  Subject:  Wordstock/wordhoard

In your post of 3/29/16, you referred to “our wordstock”.  May I suggest an alternative, the great Anglo-Saxon “wordhoard”, as in the following line from Beowulf:  “That noblest of men answered him; the leader of the warrior band unlocked his wordhoard.”

He fought off the Minnesota impulse to be polite at all costs.  Paraphrase from Shoot to Thrill,  Monkeewrench series #5 by P.J. Tracy

Find definitions for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, moonset, transit, civil twilight, nautical twilight, and astronomical twilight at http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/RST_defs.php

Twi means two or twice.  Middle English, Old English; cognate with German zwie- (Old High Germanzwi-), Latin bi-, Greek di-.  http://www.dictionary.com/browse/twi-  Find examples of word starting with twi--such as twifold and twilight--at https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_words_prefixed_with_twi-

BI and BIN mean TWO.  There is a word BIS meaning TWICE, but it is not often used.  BI is used more often than BIN but both are commonly used.  Find examples at http://www.english-for-students.com/bin.html

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1462  April 27, 2016  On this date in 1749, the first performance of George Frideric Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks took place in Green Park, London.  On this date in 1992, Allison Iraheta, American singer-songwriter (Halo Circus), was born.