In the five kilometers from central Lisbon to north Marvila, austerity takes over.  The area’s blocky social buildings may have sweeping views of the Tagus river, but there are no pristine green spaces, tidy cobblestone streets, or quaint colorful buildings.  Compared with the rest of Lisbon’s bustling energy and trendy lojas, half of Marvila’s ground floor shops are empty, rolling metal shutters drawn shut.  There aren’t enough visitors to warrant doing business.  There aren’t even basic conveniences like a market, laundromat, or pharmacy.  Marvila is part of Lisbon, barely 12 minutes outside the city center, but few people venture there. Uber drivers making the trip will ask if you know what you’re doing, raising a concerned eyebrow in the rear-view mirror, and pizzerias won’t deliver.  A 1998 award-winning film, Zona J (“Zone J” in Portuguese), forever immortalized Marvila as one of the city’s most dangerous areas.  Marvila’s landscape has been shifting, sparked by two unexpected catalysts:  a rogue librarian and an unusual library where gaming is encouraged, rather than forbidden.  Indie game developer Pedro Oliveira grew up in the Chelas slum and experienced the downside to its destruction.  For all its challenges, he fondly recalls communal life in the “wooden barracks.”  This is where he shared toys with other children when his mother couldn’t afford them.  Back then, people helped each other by sharing water and clothing, and by growing food in community gardens.  The enormous, 3000-square meter Biblioteca de Marvila  opened its doors as Lisbon’s largest, the €5,700,000 crown jewel in Programa Biblioteca XXI [“Library Program XXI”], which aims to focus on community services and double the number of Lisbon libraries by 2024.  It could have remained only a library, eyed askance and left empty by wary Marvilans.  But an unusual head coordinator has taken an everyday building and turned it into a local fixture with gaming programs unlike anything in Portugal.  At the time, Paulo Jose Silva was surprised to receive an invitation to interview for the head librarian role.  “The first thing I said is, ‘I'm not a librarian, I'm an anthropologist and I work with crime,’” he said with a laugh.  But this oversimplifies his past 11 years of work.  After a master’s in social movements and urban anthropology, Silva worked with Lisbon’s city hall, first on immigration, and later on human rights and anti-trafficking. His team put hundreds of undocumented immigrants on a path to legal citizenship, even winning two prizes from the EU and Portuguese Migrant Council for immigrant rights work.   Kimberly Koenig  Read much more and see many pictures at https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/7x57db/the-gaming-library-that-helped-a-neglected-neighborhood-find-a-new-identity

UGLI FRUIT  The Jamaican tangelo, also known by proprietary names ugli /ˈʌɡli/ fruit, uglifruit, or uniq fruit, is a citrus fruit that arose on the island of Jamaica through the natural hybridization of a tangerine or orange with a grapefruit (or pomelo), and is thus a tangelo.   'UGLI' is a registered trademark of Cabel Hall Citrus Limited, under which it markets the fruit, the name being a variation of the word "ugly", which refers to the fruit's unsightly appearance, with rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow rind, wrapped loosely around the orange pulpy citrus inside.     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaican_tangelo



UGLY FRUIT  The kiwifruit, also known as actinidia deliciosa, is native to southern China.  Cultivation spread from the mainland in the early 20th century, when seeds were introduced to New Zealand by Isabel Fraser, the principal of Wanganui Girls' College, who had been visiting mission schools in China.  The seeds were planted in 1906 by a Wanganui nurseryman, Alexander Allison, with the vines first fruiting in 1910.  https://www.cnbc.com/id/21369188


Ginsburg was first crowned with her now infamous Notorious RBG moniker—a play on rapper Biggie Smalls' Notorious B.I.G. nickname—in 2013 when New York University law student Shana Knizhnik created a Tumblr bearing the name to highlight Ginsburg's dissent in the landmark Supreme Court case Shelby County v. Holder.  "People ask me, 'don't you feel uncomfortable with a name like the Notorious RBG?,'" NBC reported Ginsburg said in February 2017.  "Why should I feel uncomfortable?  We have a lot in common.  First and foremost, we were both born and bred in Brooklyn, New York."  According to Biography.com, Biggie Smalls, aka the Notorious B.I.G., was born in Brooklyn on May 21, 1972, some 39 years after Ginsburg was born in the same borough.  https://www.bustle.com/p/who-coined-notorious-rbg-heres-the-history-of-ruth-bader-ginsburgs-infamous-nickname-13163770



wh-question (plural wh-questions)  noun  (chiefly linguistics)  A question that is introduced by a wh-word (what, where, why, etc.) and cannot be answered by yes or no.  quotations ▼ Synonyms:  open question, open-ended question  Antonyms:  polar question, multiple-choice question, yes-no question   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wh-question#English



At the time of the early French exploration, a tribe of Indians, the Quapaws, lived West of the Mississippi and north of the Arkansas River.  The Quapaws, or OO-GAQ-Pa, were also known as the “people who live downstream,” or UGAKHOPAG.  The Algonkian-speaking Indians of the Ohio Valley called them the Arkansas, or “south wind”.  The state’s name has been spelled several ways throughout history.  In Marquette and Joliet’s Journal of 1673, the Indian name is spelled AKANSEA.  In LaSalle’s map a few years later, it’s spelled ACANSA.  A map based on the journey of La Harpe in 1718-1722 refers to the river as the ARKANSAS and to the Indians as LES AKANSAS.  In about 1811, Captain Zebulon Pike, a noted explorer, spelled it ARKANSAW.  During the early days of statehood, Arkansas’ two U.S. Senators were divided on the spelling and pronunciation.  One was always introduced as the senator from “ARkanSAW” and the other as the senator from “Ar-KANSAS”.  In 1881, the state’s General Assembly passed a resolution declaring that the state’s name should be spelled “Arkansas” but pronounced “Arkansaw”.  https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/education/arkansas-history/how-did-arkansas-get-its-name



The Natural State is the official nickname, adopted in 1995, for Arkansas.  NetState.com actually lists eight different nicknames.  https://kkyr.com/pop-quiz-do-you-know-all-of-arkansas-nicknames/  Residents of Arkansas are called Arkansans.  https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/names-of-state-residents



Kansas, nicknamed the Sunflower State, is also known as the Jayhawk State, the Midway State, and the Wheat State. The state of Kansas was named after the river.  The Kansas River was named by the French after the Kansas, Omaha, Kaw, Osage and Dakota Sioux Indian word "KaNze" meaning, in the Kansas language "south wind."  http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ks_intro.htm



Residents of Kansas are called Kansans.  https://www.infoplease.com/us/states/names-of-state-residents



http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2177   November 4, 2019