Friday, August 17, 2018


John Green is one of the biggest young-adult authors in the world.  Now he wants to get small.  Four of his best-selling novels—including “The Fault in Our Stars”—will be released in October, 2018 in a radically new miniature format.  All the original words will be there, but the pages will be squeezed down to something about the size of a cellphone.  Green first saw these mini-books in the Netherlands, where they’re called Flipbacks or Dwarsliggers (dwarscrossways; liggen to lie).  “I thought the quality of the bookmaking was really magnificent,” he says.  When his U.S. publisher asked whether he wanted to be a guinea pig for Flipbacks in the United States, he readily agreed.  Dutch printer Royal Jongbloed, which started as a Bible publisher, debuted the format in 2009.  Since then, Jongbloed has helped publish more than 1,000 titles—including works by Dan Brown, John le Carré and Agatha Christie—in Flipback format in several European countries.  The spine, a unique hinge that allows the chunky little book to remain open, is the heart of this feat of miniaturization.  And the special paper—long used for Bibles—is miraculously thin without being see-through.  When Strauss-Gabel decided to work with Jongbloed to bring Flipback versions of Green’s titles to the United States, everything about the appearance of his books had to be rethought, from how big the font should be to how many lines could fit on the pages.  Ron Charles  https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/john-green-wants-you-to-read-tiny-books/2018/08/02/3110b5bc-94e6-11e8-a679-b09212fb69c2_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.74330ac5f70e  See also http://www.dwarsligger.com/

IN THE SUMMER, TAKE IT LOW AND SLOW  Find recipes for slow-cooked meats at

Saphar meaning to number was the ancient Hebrew word for the English "cipher".  The word was and still may be used as a term of derision to mock an unworthy ignorant person.  Organ makers refer to the word as meaning a sound volunteered by a imperfect organ without pressing any key.  It may be nothing; a naught, a zero, according to mathematicians.  But we shall speak of it as indicating a method of secret communication.  According to the comprehensive Oxford English Dictionary, these forms of the word cipher were also acceptable in the Seventeenth Century:  sipher, cyfer, cifer, ciphre, sypher, ziphre, scypher, cyphar, cyphre, ciphar, zifer, cypher.  Francis Bacon who wrote about it spelled it as ciphras in Latin.  Perhaps the earliest allusion is in Homer's Iliad.  Cryptography prospered during the Middle Ages, but most systems were elementary and based on the substitution of a different letter of the alphabet (a "Caesar") while others used numerals or invented symbols.  Examples of these have been found in 9th and 10th Century manuscripts.  But with the European Renaissance and the later English revival of interest in arts and literature cryptology became a separate science at the same time that its practitioners searched for a new universal language.  The mysteries of cryptology had been well guarded and kept in monasteries or in the secret archives of princes and kings; few of its methods were openly published.  But the thirst for means of clandestine communication became stronger in England and on the Continent.  War and politics demanded such tools.  Wayne Shumaker, a master of old Latin and German, has discussed the copious writings of Johannes Trithemius (1462-1526) who was a German monk. Trithemius' book Polographiae libri sex (1518), written in Latin, was mostly concerned with history and theology but the author has been called the first theoretician of cryptography.  His Steganographia was circulated while the manuscript was still in composition and John Dee, who owned the largest private library in England copied at least half of it in 1563.  Thomas Penn Leary  Read much more and see graphics at https://igw.tuwien.ac.at/peterf/dud_npr/kryptologie_im_16ten_jh/cryptolo.htm

Every industry has its jargon.  Catering is no different.  Some terms are:  Dead Stock – this is left-over wine stock (bottles) ordered by the crate for a special event that has taken place.  Dualing Menus – this is another term for Split Entrees.  Instead of having an eight ounce steak, you can have a four ounce steak and a four ounce piece of fish (surf and turf).  This is a good way to introduce exotic items to a meat and potato crowd.  It also allows attendees to ‘trade’ an item they do not like.  Intermezzo – an intermission in meal service just before the main course.  Sorbet is usually served, to cleanse the palate.  Napery – tablecloths, overlays, runners, napkins and other linens used on the dining table.  Read more at https://blog.cvent.com/events/finances-budget/catering-terms-mean/

August 14, 2018  Last week, two tourists in Italy both tried to snap a selfie in front of Rome's Trevi Fountain in at the same time.  They confronted one another--first verbally, but then the interaction became physical, before disintegrating into an eight-person brawl as their family members joined in the fight.  The police said that two Canadian tourists had been fined 450 euros ($513) each for bathing in the fountain--another strict no-no, despite the scene from Federico Fellini's 1960 movie "La Dolce Vita."  The baroque water structure opened in 1762 and has a starring role in classic movies including "Three Coins in the Fountain," and "Roman Holiday," starring Audrey Hepburn.  Meanwhile, in the Italian island of Sardinia, officials are cracking down on another kind of tourism issue: sand thievery.  Thieves are being warned that they could be fined anywhere from 500 euros (roughly $580) to 3,000 euros (roughly $3,482) if they are caught pilfering from the island's beautiful beaches.  Tourism issues aren't confined to Italy, though. Chile's Easter Island is limiting the number of people who can visit the island as well as the length of stay and Mount Everest is attempting to deal with the human impact of waste on the world's highest peak.  Francesca Street

August 16, 2018  A battery of forensic chemical tests carried out on a mummy that dated from 3,700-3,500 BC revealed the recipe and confirmed that it was developed far earlier and used more widely than previously thought.  The Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy, is now home to the mummy in question.  The findings are published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.  Dr Stephen Buckley, an archaeologist from the University of York, told BBC News that this mummy "literally embodies the embalming that was at the heart of Egyptian mummification for 4,000 years".  Dr Buckley and his colleagues worked out the chemical "fingerprint" of every ingredient, although each element could have come from a number of sources.  So the basic recipe was:  a plant oil - possibly sesame oil; a "balsam-type" plant or root extract that may have come from bullrushes; a plant-based gum--a natural sugar that may have been extracted from acacia; crucially, a conifer tree resin, which was probably pine resin.  When mixed into the oil, that resin would have given it antibacterial properties, protecting the body from decay.  Victoria Gill  Read more and see pictures at https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45175764

August 16,2018  Scientists decoded the genome of rice in 2002.  They completed the soybean genome in 2008.  They mapped the maize genome in 2009.  But only now has the long-awaited wheat genome been fully sequenced.  It is arguably the most critical crop in the world.  It’s grown on more land than anything else.  It provides humanity with a fifth of our calories.  While the genome of Arabidopsis—the first plant to be sequenced—contains 135 million DNA letters, and the human genome contains 3 billion, bread wheat has 16 billion.  Just one of wheat’s chromosomes—3B—is bigger than the entire soybean genome.  The bread-wheat genome is really three genomes in one.  About 500,000 years ago, before humans even existed, two species of wild grass hybridized with each other to create what we now know as emmer wheat.  After humans domesticated this plant and planted it in their fields, a third grass species inadvertently joined the mix.  This convoluted history has left modern bread wheat with three pairs of every chromosome, one pair from each of the three ancestral grasses.  In technical lingo, that’s a hexaploid genome.  Ed Yong  Read more, see picture, and link to video at https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/08/wheat-genome-is-best-thing-since-sliced-bread/567673/

Aretha Franklin, who died August 16, 2018 at 76, was more than the undisputed “Queen of Soul.”  She was one of the most important musicians of our time, a genius who soared above genres and expectations to create music that will live forever.  She was not an opera singer, yet she brought down the house at the Grammys in 1998 when she filled in for an ailing Luciano Pavarotti and delivered an unforgettable version of the Puccini aria “Nessun Dorma.”  She was not a jazz singer, but her renditions of standards such as “Love for Sale” and “Misty” were cited by the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz in awarding her the organization’s highest honors.  Jerry Wexler, the legendary producer at Atlantic Records who shepherded much of Franklin’s oeuvre, wrote a piece for Rolling Stone in 2004 in which he recalled the day she told him about her idea for reworking a song that had been a hit for the great Otis Redding.  “It was already worked out in her head,” Wexler wrote.  The song was titled “Respect.”  When Redding heard Franklin’s version, Wexler recalled, he said simply, “She done took my song.”  “She was a brilliant pianist, a combination of Mildred Falls—Mahalia Jackson’s accompanist—and Thelonious Monk,” Wexler wrote.  https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-queen-is-dead-long-live-the-queen/2018/08/16/8888a6b4-a18a-11e8-83d2-70203b8d7b44_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.6c72bacf08ac  See Why Nobody Sang the Beatles Like Aretha by Rob Sheffield at https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/aretha-franklin-beatles-eleanor-rigby-712267/

http://librariansmuse.blogpost.com  Issue 1936  August 17, 2018 

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