Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky)
(1901–1974) was an American architect, based in Philadelphia.
After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia,
he founded his own atelier in 1935. While continuing his private practice, he
served as a design critic and professor of architecture at Yale School of
Architecture from 1947 to 1957. From 1957 until his death, he was a professor
of architecture at the School of Design at the University of
Pennsylvania. Kahn created a
style that was monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings do not hide their
weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. Louis Kahn's works are considered as
monumental beyond modernism. Famous for his meticulously built works, his
provocative proposals that remained unbuilt, and his teaching, Kahn was one of
the most influential architects of the twentieth century. He was awarded the AIA Gold Medal and
the RIBA Gold Medal. At the time of his death he was considered by
some as "America's foremost living architect." Kahn trained at the University
of Pennsylvania in a rigorous Beaux-Arts
tradition, with its emphasis on drawing. After completing his Bachelor of
Architecture in 1924, Kahn worked as senior
draftsman in the office of the city architect, John Molitor. He worked on the designs for the 1926
Sesquicentennial Exposition.
In 1928, Kahn made a European tour.
He was interested particularly in the medieval walled city of Carcassonne, France, and the castles of Scotland, rather than any of the strongholds
of classicism or modernism. After returning to the United States
in 1929, Kahn worked in the offices of Paul Philippe Cret,
his former studio critic at the University of Pennsylvania, and then with Zantzinger,
Borie and Medary in Philadelphia. In 1932, Kahn and Dominique Berninger founded
the Architectural
Research Group, whose members were interested in the populist social agenda and
new aesthetics of the European avant-gardes.
Among the projects Kahn worked on during this collaboration are schemes
for public housing that he had presented to the Public Works Administration,
which supported some similar projects during the Great Depression. They
remained unbuilt. Among the more
important of Kahn's early collaborations was one with George Howe.
Kahn
worked with Howe in the late 1930s on projects for the Philadelphia
Housing Authority and again in 1940, along with
German-born architect Oscar Stonorov, for the design of housing
developments in other parts of Pennsylvania. A
formal architectural office partnership between Kahn and Oscar Stonorov began
in February 1942 and ended in March 1947, which produced fifty-four documented
projects and buildings. Kahn did not
arrive at his distinctive architectural style until he was in his fifties. Initially working in a fairly orthodox
version of the International Style, he was influenced vitally by a stay as
Architect in Residence at the American Academy
in Rome during
1950, which marked a turning point in his career. After visiting the ruins of ancient buildings
in Italy, Greece, and Egypt, he adopted a back-to-the-basics approach.
Find a list of
designs and a timeline of works at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Kahn
The letter C is usually pronounced K (cat) or S
(cedar). The C in science is
silent. C followed by H in Charles is chuh. C followed by H in Charlotte is shh.
Eclairs originally were cream puffs. http://www.rachaelray.com/recipes/cream-puffs-or-eclairs
Today there are recipes for
"cake" eclairs made with graham crackers and pudding. See http://myrecipemagic.com/recipe/recipedetail/no-bake-eclair-cake-recipe
Kalathil
Makki Divakaran (b.
1946) is a Malayalam–language
poet and folk-song writer
from Kerala, India, commonly known as Chandiroor Divakaran. He was awarded the Ambedkar National Award in
2011 for his overall contribution to Malayalam
literature. See list of his
works and awards at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandiroor_Divakaran
May 28, 2015 Steve
Bahnaman didn’t know what flavor filled the original Twinkie. But when he had to answer the question on the
ABC game show “500 Questions” or risk elimination, the expert trivia player
didn’t panic. In his allotted 10
seconds, his thoughts went from Twinkies to Moon Pies, and he called out
flavors of the latter until he settled on the right answer: banana. With that formula--a whole lot of knowledge
and a bit of strategy--Bahnaman, 34, made it through 168 questions on the show,
which aired this month. The Campbell
University librarian, who lives in Raleigh with his wife and two young
children, brought home $110,000 for his effort.
In his final round, he answered questions about the element Einsteinium,
the architect Frank Lloyd Wright and the movie “A League of Their Own.” His undoing:
Originally built for World War II, what kind of corrugated metal
structure was named for the Rhode Island location where it was first
manufactured? The answer, for those
playing along at home, is a Quonset hut.
Bahnaman, who filmed the show in March and has had to keep mum about the
results ever since, said before his final episode aired that he was glad to
have a chance to show people how much fun trivia can be. Sarah Barr
http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/community/midtown-raleigh-news/article22505010.html
The Man Behind the Machine Lyman
Spitzer, Jr. (1914-1997), a world-renowned theoretical astrophysicist,
developed the concept of a telescope in space.
In 1946—more than a decade before the launch of the first
satellite—Spitzer proposed the development of a large, space-based observatory
that would not be hindered by Earth's atmospheric distortion and span a broad
range of wavelengths. This lofty vision
ultimately became the Hubble Space Telescope.
Spitzer was instrumental in the design and development of the Hubble
Space Telescope. Throughout the 1960s
and 1970s, he was an enthusiastic lobbyist for the telescope, both with
Congress and the scientific community.
Even after Hubble's launch in 1990, Spitzer remained deeply involved in
the program. Not only did he make some
important astronomical observations with the telescope that was essentially his
brainchild, but he also spent a great deal of time—right up until the end of
his life—analyzing Hubble data. In
addition to space astronomy, Spitzer's work greatly advanced knowledge in other
fields, including stellar dynamics, plasma physics, and thermonuclear fusion. http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/lyman_spitzer.php
Lyman Spitzer, Jr. was born June 26,
1914 in Toledo, Ohio. He attended Yale
University, Cambridge and Princeton.
During World War II, he did underwater sound research. After the war, he taught briefly at Yale--and
in 1947, at the age of 33, Spitzer was appointed chairman of Princeton's
astrophysical sciences department. He
also became the director of Princeton's Observatory. http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/mission/241-Lyman-Spitzer-Jr-
The Legacy of Edwin Hubble The
Hubble Space Telescope was named after astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble
(1889–1953), who made some of the most important discoveries in modern
astronomy. As an astronomer, Dr. Hubble
was a late bloomer. Before discovering
his passion for the stars, Dr. Hubble earned a law degree and served in World
War I. However, after practicing law for
one year, he decided to “chuck law for astronomy,” knowing that “even if [he]
were second rate or third rate, it was astronomy that mattered.” In the 1920s, while working at the Mt. Wilson
Observatory with the most advanced technology of the time, Dr. Hubble showed
that some of the numerous distant, faint clouds of light in the universe were
actually entire galaxies—much like our own Milky Way. The realization that the Milky Way is only
one of many galaxies forever changed the way astronomers viewed our place in
the universe. But perhaps his greatest
discovery came in 1929, when Dr. Hubble determined that the farther a galaxy is
from Earth, the faster it appears to move away.
This notion of an "expanding" universe formed the basis of the
Big Bang theory, which states that the universe began with an intense burst of
energy at a single moment in time—and has been expanding ever since. http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/edwin_hubble.php
The Intrepid Sea, Air & Space
Museum is a military and
maritime history museum with a collection of museum
ships in New
York City. It is located at Pier 86 at 46th Street. The museum showcases the aircraft
carrier USS Intrepid,
the submarine USS Growler, a Concorde SST, a Lockheed
A-12 supersonic
reconnaissance plane, and the Space Shuttle Enterprise. Originally founded in 1982, the museum closed
in 2006 for a two-year renovation of the Intrepid and facilities. The museum reopened to the public on November
8, 2008. See pictures at
Learn about the Hubble@25 exhibition at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum through
January 10, 2016 at http://www.intrepidmuseum.org/Hubble@25.aspx
Thank you, Muse reader!
Toledo-Lucas County Public Library Summer Reading Challenge
June 8-August 8, 2015 This is the summer to challenge yourself! Fly solo or team up with a friend FREE to
join Win great prizes just for
reading All ages Fun programs Sign up at any library location
Participate online http://src.toledolibrary.org/
http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com
Issue 1305 June 3, 2015 On this date in 1888, the poem "Casey
at the Bat", by Ernest Lawrence Thayer, was published in the San Francisco Examiner. On this date in 1889, the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway was completed.
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