Wednesday, January 7, 2015

In 1874, fifty-five artists held the first independent group show of Impressionist art.  Most of them - including Cézanne, Pissarro, Renoir, Degas, Monet, Manet, and his sister-in-law Berthe Morisot ("a bunch of lunatics and a woman," muttered one observer) - had been rejected by the Salon, the annual French state-sponsored exhibition that offered the only real opportunity for artists to display and sell their work.  At the Salon, paintings were stacked three or four high, and crowded too closely together on the walls.  At their independent exhibition, mounted in what was formerly a photographer’s studio, the artists could hang their works at eye level with space between them.  Although the artists didn’t call themselves "Impressionists" at first, this occasion would be the first of eight such "Impressionist" exhibits over the next twelve years.  Louis Leroy (1812-1885) was a French 19th century engraver, painter, and successful playwright.  He is remembered as the journalist and art critic for the French satirical newspaper Le Charivari, who coined the term "impressionists" to satirise the artists now known by the word.  Leroy's review was printed in Le Charivari on 25 April 1874 with the title The Exhibition of the Impressionists.  The term was taken from Claude Monet's painting "Impression:  soleil levant".  http://www.impressionism.org/teachimpress/browse/aboutimpress.htm  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Leroy

Dec. 21, 2014  Salon des Refuses features some gems among the 'also-rans' by Tahree Lane    The best of show winner at this year’s Salon des Refuses in the Parkwood Gallery is a painting by a young innovator finishing a master’s degree in fine art.  Across the street in the Toledo Museum of Art, the top prize in the Toledo Area Artists’ exhibition also went to a young innovator finishing a master’s degree in fine art.  In the Parkwood, Ooga Booga is Aaron Pickens’ tiny oil painting.  It’s a postcard-sized colorplay of a yellow sardine can, behind which a goofy orange-beaked bird with red horns, googly eyes, and purple stick-arms seems to pop up and chirp “Ta-da!”  “It made me laugh,” said Pickens, a Toledoan attending Edinboro University in Pennsylvania.  The curator of the TAA show selected 28 people from a pool of 462 based on what they put in their portfolios.  Interestingly, many of the choices were people who make very large art.  The also-ran Salon show is quite different.  It invites all the TAA rejects — 434 this year — to each display up to three pieces, and what turns up is certain to run the gamut from very good to not so much.  But a mere 32 people took pieces to the Salon.  Despite the disappointing turnout, “The Salon show never disappoints because there’s always some jewels,” said Annette Jensen, founder and executive director of PRIZM Creative Community, the nonprofit group that produced the Salon.  Among them are gems such as Pickens.’  “How in the world would anybody think that a can of sardines could be so elegant?” Adams said.  http://www.toledoblade.com/Art/2014/12/21/Salon-des-Refuses-features-some-gems-among-the-also-rans.html

APOLOGY  The meaning of apology has evolved a good deal since its first appearance in the sixteenth century (the first use recorded in the OED is in the title Apologie of Syr Thomas More, Knyght; made by him, after he had geuen ouer the Office of Lord Chancellor of Englande, dated 1533).  In this Sir Thomas More was not regretting his actions:  he was seeking to justify himself and to defend himself from accusations.  Another example is An Apology for the Life of Mr Colley Cibber (Comedian) in 1740 by the English actor-manager who was answering his critic Alexander Pope with details of his life’s achievements; here the word is a pun on the older sense and our modern one, it being a fake apology which is actually a justification.  This meaning comes directly from the Greek apologia, a derivative of a word meaning “to speak in one’s defence”, ultimately from the prefix apo-, “away; off” together with logos, “speech”  From this Greek original, it entered English either through French or Latin.  It was quite soon after its first appearance that the meaning of apology began to shift away from self-justification towards implying regret.  http://www.worldwidewords.org/topicalwords/tw-apo1.htm  
Apology:  I'm sorry.  Fake apology:  If I have offended anyone, I'm sorry.

Spuyten Duyvil is tucked into the corner of the Bronx at the Hudson and Harlem Rivers, first stop beyond Marble Hill, that strange piece of Manhattan that resides on the mainland.  Spuyten has always been loyally Bronx.  It has been known as Speight den Duyvil, Spike & Devil, Spitting Devil, Spilling Devil, Spiten Debill and Spouting Devil, among other spellings.  In Dutch, ‘spuyten duyvil,” the mostly-accepted spelling these days, can be pronounced two ways; one pronunciation means “devil’s whirlpool” and the other means “spite the devil.”  In Washington Irving’s Knickerbocker History, a Dutch trumpeter vows to swim the turbulent waters of (then) Spuyten Duyvil Creek where it meets the Hudson during the British attack on New Amsterdam in the 1660s “en spijt den Duyvil,” or in “spite of the devil.”  The Lenape Indians inhabited the land for hundreds of years before Europeans arrived; they called the banks of the creek “shorakapok” or “sitting-down place”.  After a few hundred years, the name has been pared down and exists as a street name:  Kappock (pronounced kay’ pock).  After 1916, old Spuyten Duyvil Creek was filled in, making Marble Hill part of the mainland, though it was separated by a railroad and a steep hill from the community of Spuyten Duyvil.   See pictures at http://forgotten-ny.com/2004/12/duyvilinthedetails/

Upper Manhattan and the Bronx were separated by only a narrow tidal strait until the end of the 19th century.  This narrow, meandering, but fast-flowing strait was the Spuyten Duyvil Creek.  New York's waterfront sees about a five-foot variation between low tide and high tide, and as the tide came in and out there was often a difference in water level between the Hudson River and the East River, which is affected by the slow and massive tidal movements of Long Island Sound.  This differential created dangerous currents.  In his (fictional) book The Knickerbocker History of New York, Washington Irving tells an apocryphal story of how the strait got its name, and how violent the water could be.  The normal way across Spuyten Duyivil Creek during high tide was a ferry, operated until 1673 by Johannes Verveelen.  (During low tide it was often possible to wade across, whether for travelers on foot or farmers bringing livestock to the city—probably the origin of the name “Fordham” in the Bronx).  But in 1693, Manhattan got its first bridge, a wooden toll-bridge structure run by the Philippse family, and built over the old fording spot so that those crossing the Spuyten Duyvil were forced to pay the toll.  The charter mandated that the king of England and his representatives, British soldiers, could cross for free, and so it was known as the King’s Bridge.  This humble stone-and-wood structure remains the longest-lasting bridge that New York City has ever had.  Spuyten Duyvil Creek was far too shallow for larger boats or ships, and ship traffic between the upper Hudson and Long Island Sound had to take a 25-mile detour around lower Manhattan.  In 1895, the Harlem River Ship Canal was opened after nine years of work by the Army Corps of Engineers, connecting the Hudson and Harlem Rivers with a navigable channel for ships across the very northern end of Manhattan.  At the opening ceremonies, it was said that “the opening of the Harlem Ship Canal was a greater event than the opening of the Erie Canal.”  http://watercourses.typepad.com/watercourses/water-spuyten-duyvil-creek/  
See also pictures and stories of the opening of the Harlem Ship Canal that turned Manhattan into a true island at http://myinwood.net/the-harlem-ship-canal/

Dublin students fix bikes to donate to others  Dublin (Ohio) librarian launches club that teaches students by Charlie Boss  Dec. 13, 2014  If you ask 9-year-old Jordan Starrett how she started her morning at Daniel Wright Elementary, she goes right to the details.  “We loosened the things attached to the tire and the rim strip and took the tire off the rim,” she said, describing the steps she took to remove and replace a bicycle tire.  “There’s a lot more (to bikes) than the tires and pedals.  There’s a bunch of little buttons and knobs and bolts.”  Twice a week, Jordan and a handful of other students at the Dublin school gather in the library before class to fix donated bikes that will be given to kids who don’t have one.  The club — Wright’s Wheels — was started last month by school librarian Marisa Saelzler, who received a $2,000 grant from the Dublin Education Foundation.  The money will pay for a storage shed for bikes, bike parts and helmets for every child who gets a bicycle.  “For kids, riding a bike is their freedom,” Saelzler said.  “They can go for a ride to explore a new area, go to a friend’s house, take a break from homework or just ride for fun.”  She came up with the idea in the spring after visiting an apartment complex where two Wright students she mentors live.  The girls and their neighbors were playing around an electrical box.  There were no toys, no swing set.  A bicycle, she thought, could be something the students could use on their own or with their families.  It would keep them active and would not cost anything beyond the purchase of a bike.  Saelzler, her husband and two school custodians started fixing bikes that were donated by staff members and were able to provide bikes for the girls, as well as other kids she knew needed them.  As more donations came in, Saelzler decided to include students.  


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1240  January 7, 2015  On this date in 1894, William Kennedy Dickson received a patent for motion picture film.  
On this date in 1904, the distress signal "CQD" was established only to be replaced two years later by "SOS".

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