Monday, January 12, 2015

Forgotten New York  Before it was Tribeca, it was the Lower West Side, and it had a lot of cast-iron lamps.  See pictures at http://forgotten-ny.com/2000/09/the-lamps-of-pre-beca/  Prior to being named Tribeca, the area was known as Washington Market.  Washington Market served as New York's main food market beginning in the mid-nineteenth century after New York City's piers moved to the Hudson River.  Amidst the unfavorable conditions of the market were some of New York City's most historic buildings, including a few of the world's first cast-iron structures.  The neighborhood was also home to numerous warehouses and loft buildings that suited its use as a commercial center.  Many of these buildings were constructed in the Italianate or Romanesque Revival styles.  The neighborhood began to see a turnaround in the 1970s when the area attracted artists who were looking to get away from the changing nature of SoHo.  Artists embraced the warehouses and lofts that the former Washington Market offered and took up residence there.  At this time the neighborhood also got a new name - TriBeCa - an acronym for Triangle Below Canal.    http://www.nypap.org/content/tribeca-historic-districts

Edwin Markham (born Charles Edward Anson Markham 1852–1940) was an American poet.  From 1923 to 1931 he was Poet Laureate of Oregon.  In 1922, Markham's poem "Lincoln, the Man of the People" was selected from 250 entries to be read at the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial.  The author himself read the poem.  Later that year, Markham was filmed reciting the poem by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process.  As recounted by literary biographer William R. Nash, "'['b]etween publications, Markham lectured and wrote in other genres, including essays and nonfiction prose.  He also gave much of his time to organizations such as the Poetry Society of America, which he established in 1910.  Markham also wrote a number of epigrams, of which the best known is Outwitted.  See pictures and bibliography at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Markham  Edwin Markham was born in Oregon, spent the early part of his career in California, moved to Staten Island in 1901, and remained on the island until his death in 1940.  He was a prolific letter writer and had correspondence with many important figures of his time, including Ambrose Bierce, Jack London, Carl Sandburg, Herbert Hoover, Amy Lowell, and Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt.  Markham is best known for his spirited protest against the exploitation of poor laborers in "The Man with the Hoe", inspired by Jean-Francois Millet's painting of the same title.  Published in the San Francisco Examiner in 1899, almost overnight it became a literary sensation.  The response was astounding.  It became the single most commercially successful poem ever published.  Translated into forty languages, including Arabic and Japanese, it was read worldwide and remains anthologized today.  Link to the digital collection at http://wagnercollections.omeka.net/markham  Find the epigram Outwitted and the poem The Man with the Hoe at http://www.theotherpages.org/poems/mark01.html

epigram  noun   1.  a witty, often paradoxical remark, concisely expressed  2.  a short, pungent, and often satirical poem, especially one having a witty an ingenious ending  Several authors are noted for their epigrams, including Mark Twain and Oscar Wilde.  Two other words are similar:  an epigraph is usually an inscription, as on a statue; an epitaph can be such an inscription or it can be a brief literary note commemorating a dead person.

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg
captcha  (KAP-chuh)  noun  A test used to make sure that a human is using a system, not a computer program. The test typically involves reading distorted text.  An acronym of Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.  The Turing test is named after Alan Turing, a mathematician and computer scientist, who proposed that a computer could be considered intelligent if, while interacting with a human and a computer, someone could not tell which is which.  A captcha is a kind of reverse Turing test.  Earliest documented use:  2001.
crowdsource  (KROUD-sohrs)  verb. tr.  To enlist the services of a large number of people outside the company, for little or no pay, to accomplish a task.  A blend of crowd + outsource. Earliest documented use:  2006.  While crowdsourcing is typically associated with the online world, it has been around for a long time.  One of the best examples of offline crowdsourcing is in lexicography.  The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, was produced in large part by the contributions of the general public who sent in quotations for words.  You too can take part in it at http://public.oed.com/appeals/
google  (GOOG-uhl)  verb. tr., intr.  To search for information online using a search engine, especially Google.   From the search engine Google.  Earliest documented use:  1998.
Google, the search engine, was named after googol, a word coined by a nine-year-old boy.  A googol is the number one followed by hundred zeros.  Larry Page and Sergey Brin used an alteration of the word googol to name their search engine, Google, and later Larry suggested its verb form:  “We plan to have a much bigger index than our current 24 million pages soon. ... Have fun and keep googling!”  Larry Page; Google Friends Mailing List; Jul 8, 1998.   Interestingly, the verb google has been around for more than a hundred years, though in a different sense.  In a game of cricket, to google is to throw a googly, a ball that changes direction mid-air.
Feedback to A.Word.A.Day
From:  C.L. Shockley   Subject:  captcha   I worked for National Braille Press for awhile and have many friends who are blind or visually impaired.  Captcha prevents them from interacting in many situations.  They can’t see the spot to get audio, and they can’t read the screen (because it’s a picture, their assistive technology doesn’t read it).  We need to find a better solution to the problem of spam comments, rather than a discriminatory system.
From:  Diane-Marie Campbell  Subject:  crowdsource   Like many others, I became aware that the OED was crowdsourced by reading Simon Winchester’s wonderful The Surgeon of Crowthorne.  Another favourite and relatively early example is Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology now in its 24th edition, which is one of the most widely read texts on this subject.  Ganong once offered, after lecturing medical students, 25¢ for each error they could find in his book. It was said he was mobbed after the lecture and nearly went broke paying them off but Ganong has kept its position as the standard, and not merely the standard textbook, for undergraduate medical physiology.
From:  Ian Page  Subject:  googly   I think you will find that cricket balls break when they bounce, not in mid-air.  And while most spin right from a right-handed bowler, a googly is released from the back (pinky-side) of the hand, and so surprisingly bounces left.

FBS v. FCS  Division I (D-I) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States.  D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers, with larger budgets, more elaborate facilities, and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition.  This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division; this terminology was replaced with numeric divisions (I, II, III) in 1973.  In football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A (the principal football schools) and Division I-AA.  In 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed "Football Bowl Subdivision" (FBS) and "Football Championship Subdivision" (FCS), respectively.  FBS teams are allowed a maximum of 85 scholarships per year; FCS teams are limited to 60.  FBS teams also have to meet minimum attendance requirements (average 15,000 people in actual or paid attendance per home game), while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements.  Another difference is post season play.  Since 1978, FCS teams have played in a college football playoff system to determine a NCAA sanctioned national champion; the FBS teams play in bowl games where various polls rank the number one team after the conclusion of the bowl games.  Starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format.  Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a yearly champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event.


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1242  January 12, 2015  On this date in 1628, Charles Perrault, French author, was born.  On this date in 1959, the Caves of Nerja were rediscovered in Spain.  See http://www.thenerjacaves.com/

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