The Original Seven Wonders of the World were:
Hanging Gardens of BabylonStatue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Colossus of Rhodes
Lighthouse of Alexandria
The list known today was compiled in the Middle Ages—by which time many of the sites were no longer in existence.Today, the only ancient world wonder that still exists is the Great Pyramid of Giza. See lists from other eras and recent lists:
3.1 American Society of Civil Engineers
3.2 New7Wonders Foundation
3.3 USA Today's New Seven Wonders
3.4 Seven Natural Wonders of the World
3.5 New7Wonders of Nature
3.6 Seven Wonders of the Underwater World
3.7 Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
3.8 Other lists of wonders of the world
4 Seven Wonders of the Solar System plus images at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_wonders_of_the_world#Seven_Wonders_of_the_Solar_System
Women’s History Month in the United States
grew out of a weeklong celebration of women’s contributions to culture, history
and society organized by the school district of Sonoma, California, in 1978. Presentations were given at dozens of schools,
hundreds of students participated in a “Real Woman” essay contest and a parade
was held in downtown Santa Rosa. A few years later, the
idea had caught on within communities, school districts and organizations
across the country. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter issued the
first presidential proclamation declaring the week of March 8 as National
Women's History Week. The U.S. Congress
followed suit the next year, passing a resolution establishing a national
celebration. Six years later, the
National Women’s History Project successfully petitioned Congress to expand the
event to the entire month of March. http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history-month
Announcing the Theme for
National Women's History Month March 2013
After considering over 100 ideas and suggestions
sent in by our amazing supporters, we are proud to announce the theme for
National Women's History Month 2013: Women
Inspiring Innovation Through Imagination:
Celebrating Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Congratulations to Debra
Kolsrud of Johnstown, NY who created the theme!
http://www.nwhp.org/whm/index.php
Mini-libraries are letting
storm-shattered neighborhoods turn the page on Hurricane Sandy.
Bright orange boxes filled with up to 100 books have popped up outside
flooded branches that remain closed in Coney Island, Gerritsen Beach, and Red
Hook. The lit-depots are a venture of
Urban Librarians Unite, an advocacy group that said it wanted to bring
Sandy-soaked Brooklyn the joys of the written word, creating a veritable
reading rainbow in the aftermath of the storm.
See picture at: http://www.brooklyndaily.com/stories/2013/7/all_minilibraries_2013_02_15_bk.html
What was the first novel ever written on a word
processor? Would best-selling novelist Len Deighton care to take
a walk? It was 1968, and the IBM
technician who serviced Deighton’s typewriters had just heard from Deighton’s
personal assistant, Ms. Ellenor Handley, that she had been retyping chapter
drafts for his book in progress dozens of times over. IBM had a machine that could help, the
technician mentioned. They were being
used in the new ultramodern Shell Centre on the south bank of the Thames, not
far from his Merrick Square home. A few
weeks later, Deighton stood outside his Georgian terrace home and watched as
workers removed a window so that a 200-pound unit could be hoisted inside with
a crane. The machine was IBM’s MTST
(Magnetic Tape Selectric Typewriter), sold in the European market as the MT72. “Standing in the leafy square in which I
lived, watching all this activity, I had a moment of doubt,” the author, now
84, told me in a recent email. “I was
beginning to think that I had chosen a rather unusual way to write books.” Today, of course, many—surely most—fiction
writers work with computers, laptops, and word processors just like the rest of
us. Literary scholarship generally
credits Mark Twain’s Life on the Mississippi with
being the first manuscript submitted to a publisher in typewritten form. Would it be possible, I wondered when I began
my research into the literary history of word processing a year and a half ago,
to locate a corresponding first for the digital age? The answer turns out to be the book Deighton
published in 1970 with the aid of the MTST: a curiously apropos novel about World War II,
titled Bomber. Matthew Kirschenbaum Read much more at:
Sinkholes
are part of the slow, natural process of erosion in Florida’s limestone terrain
that occur over thousands of years. These
common geologic phenomena generally occur where the limestone is within a few
hundred feet of the land’s surface. Though
most are only 10 to 12 feet in diameter, sinkholes have been known to expand to
hundreds of feet in diameter. Many of
central and north Florida’s lakes actually are the result of old
sinkholes. Rainfall percolating, or
seeping, through the soil absorbs carbon dioxide and reacts with decaying
vegetation, creating a slightly acidic water. That water moves through spaces and cracks
underground, slowly dissolving limestone and creating a network of cavities and
voids. As the limestone dissolves, pores
and cracks are enlarged and carry even more acidic water. Sinkholes are formed when the land surface
above collapses or sinks into the cavities or when surface material is carried
downward into the voids. Drought, along
with resulting high groundwater withdrawals, can make conditions favorable for
sinkholes to form. Also, heavy rains
after droughts often cause enough pressure on the ground to create sinkholes. Sinkholes can be triggered by human
activities such as: Overwithdrawal of
groundwater, diverting surface water from a large area and concentrating it in
a single point, artificially creating ponds of surface water, and drilling new
water wells. http://www.sjrwmd.com/watersupply/howsinkholesform.html See also:
"Sinkholes are a fact of life in Florida." http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/geologictopics/hazards/sinkholes.htm
and "A sinkhole, also known as a sink, snake hole, swallow hole,
swallet, doline, or cenote, is a
natural depression or hole in the Earth's surface caused by karst
processes — for example, the chemical dissolution of carbonate
rocks or suffosion
processes in sandstone."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole
Feb. 26, 2013 Scientists who decode the genetic history of humans by tracking how
genes mutate have applied the same technique to one of the Western world's most
ancient and celebrated texts to uncover the date it was first written. The text is Homer's "Iliad," and
Homer -- if there was such a person -- probably wrote it in 762 B.C., give or
take 50 years, the researchers found. The "Iliad" tells the story of
the Trojan War -- if there was such a war -- with Greeks battling Trojans. The researchers accept the received orthodoxy
that a war happened and someone named Homer wrote about it, said Mark Pagel, an
evolutionary theorist at the University of Reading in England. His collaborators include Eric Altschuler, a
geneticist at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, in
Newark, and Andreea S. Calude, a linguist also at Reading and the Sante Fe
Institute in New Mexico. They worked
from the standard text of the epic poem.
The date they came up with fits the time most scholars think the
"Iliad" was compiled, so the paper, published
in the journal Bioessays, won't have classicists in a snit. The study mostly affirms what they have been
saying, that it was written around the eighth century B.C. That geneticists got into such a project
should be no surprise, Pagel said. "Languages behave just extraordinarily like genes," Pagel said. "It is directly analogous. We tried to document the regularities in
linguistic evolution and study Homer's vocabulary as a way of seeing if
language evolves the way we think it does. If so, then we should be able to find a date
for Homer." It is unlikely there
ever was one individual man named Homer who wrote the "Iliad." Brian
Rose, professor of classical studies and curator of the Mediterranean section
at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, said it is clear the
"Iliad" is a compilation of oral tradition going back to the 13th
century B.C. "It's an amalgam of
lots of stories that seemed focused on conflicts in one particular area of
northwestern Turkey," Rose said. The
story of the "Iliad" is well known, full of characters like Helen of
Troy, Achilles, Paris, Agamemnon and a slew of gods and goddesses behaving
badly. It recounts how a gigantic fleet
of Greek ships sailed across the "wine dark sea" to besiege Troy and
regain a stolen wife. Its sequel is the "Odyssey." Joel N. Shurkin http://www.insidescience.org/content/geneticists-estimate-publication-date-iliad/946
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