Friday, January 25, 2013


While scholars may not know the exact etymology of the term "juke," what is known is that the term "jukebox" comes directly from the early 1900s establishments known as jukehouses or jookhouses.  A jukehouse was simply a place where people listened to music and drank the night away, dancing with friends, and the term jukebox is in reference to the record player that would have been a staple in these places.  Find theories of the word's origin at:  http://www.ehow.com/about_5347722_did-name-jukebox-come.html   

Bees, both commercially managed honey bees and wild bees, play an important role in global
food production.  In the United States, the value of honey bees only as commercial pollinators in
U.S. food production is estimated at about $15 billion to $20 billion annually.  The estimated
value of other types of insect pollinators, including wild bees, to U.S. food production is not
available.  Given their importance to food production, many have expressed concern about
whether a “pollinator crisis” has been occurring in recent decades.  In the United States,
commercial migratory beekeepers along the East Coast of the United States began reporting sharp declines in 2006 in their honey bee colonies.  The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports that overwinter colony losses from 2006 to 2011 averaged more than 32% annually.  This issue remained legislatively active in the 110th Congress and resulted in increased funding for pollinator research, among other types of farm program support, as part of the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246).  Congressional interest in the health of honey bees and other pollinators has continued in the 112th Congress (e.g., H.R. 2381, H.R. 6083, and S. 3240) and may extend into the 113th Congress. 
Read 26-page report 7-5700 from Congressional Research Service at:  https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42855.pdf

British philologist Robert Nares (1753–1829) defined the word hoax as meaning "to cheat", dating from Thomas Ady's 1656 book A candle in the dark, or a treatise on the nature of witches and witchcraft.  The term hoax is occasionally used in reference to urban legends and rumors, but the folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand argues that most of them lack evidence of deliberate creations of falsehood and are passed along in good faith by believers or as jokes, so the term should be used for only those with a probable conscious attempt to deceive.  As for the closely related terms practical joke and prank, Brunvand states that although there are instances where they overlap, hoax tends to indicate "relatively complex and large-scale fabrications" and includes deceptions that go beyond the merely playful and "cause material loss or harm to the victim".  According to Professor Lynda Walsh of the University of Nevada, Reno, some hoaxes—such as the Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814, labeled as a hoax by contemporary commentators—are financial in nature, and successful hoaxers—such as P. T. Barnum, whose Fiji mermaid contributed to his wealth—often acquire monetary gain or fame through their fabrications, so the distinction between hoax and fraud is not necessarily clear.  Alex Boese, the creator of the Museum of Hoaxes, states that the only distinction between them is the reaction of the public, because a fraud can be classified as a hoax when its method of acquiring financial gain creates a broad public impact or captures the imagination of the masses.  One of the earliest recorded media hoaxes is a fake almanac published by Jonathan Swift under the pseudonym of Isaac Bickerstaff in 1708.  Swift predicted the death of John Partridge, one of the leading astrologers in England at that time, in the almanac and later issued an elegy on the day Partridge was supposed to have died.  Partridge's reputation was damaged as a result and his astrological almanac was not published for the next six years.  It is possible to perpetrate a hoax by making only true statements using unfamiliar wording or context, such as in the Dihydrogen monoxide hoax.  Political hoaxes are sometimes motivated by the desire to ridicule or besmirch opposing politicians or political institutions, often before elections.  A hoax differs from a magic trick or from fiction (books, movies, theatre, radio, television, etc.) in that the audience is unaware of being deceived, whereas in watching a magician perform an illusion the audience expects to be tricked.  A hoax is often intended as a practical joke or to cause embarrassment, or to provoke social or political change by raising people's awareness of something.  It can also emerge from a marketing or advertising purpose.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax 

A participle is a verb that acts like an adjective.  The present participle form of a verb usually ends with "ing."  For example, "dream" is a verb, and "dreaming" is its present participle.  
Participial phrases are just phrases that contain a participle and modify the subject of the sentence.
Dangling participles means your participial phrase is hanging there in your sentence with no proper subject in sight.  Wishing I could sing, the high notes seemed to taunt me.  Problem:  The high notes are the only subject in the sentence.  That makes a sentence that says the high notes wish I could sing.  Solution:  Wishing I could sing, I feel taunted by the high notes.

The Library of Congress on Jan. 23, 2013 added the Congressional Record, published by the Government Printing Office (GPO), and cost-estimate reports from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to its Congress.gov beta website, a public site for accessing free, fact-based legislative information.  The additions will supplement bills, bill summaries, Member profiles and legislative history information already available on the site.  Launched in September 2012, Congress.gov features platform mobility, comprehensive information retrieval and user-friendly presentation. Congress.gov eventually will replace the public THOMAS system and the congressional Legislative Information System (LIS).  http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2013/13-013.html

It’s news whenever a large piece of real estate in densely populated New Jersey becomes available for residential development and construction.  That was the case last summer, when Jackson Township, after decades of contentious disagreements with the landowner, gave its final okay for the first phase of what could eventually become a 935-acre mixed-use community with 1,002 rental apartments and 539 rental and for-sale townhouses in six distinct villages.  The first phase of Jackson Woods, the 610.5-acre residential part of this community, will include 510 rental apartments in 44 buildings.  Seventy-two of those units will be earmarked as “affordable” for lower-income renters.  The second and third phases, to which the township has given preliminary approval, would have 539 units in 135 buildings and 492 units in 123 buildings, respectively.  One-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments and townhomes will be available.  The township waived its open space requirement for Jackson Woods because 60% of the land on which these homes will be built includes wetlands or buffer areas.  Still, more than 300 acres of Jackson Woods will be left “undisturbed,” according to the township’s approval resolution, which was signed on August 6.  Across the street from Jackson Woods are 324.9 acres on which the land’s owner, Brick, N.J.-based Leigh Realty, wants to develop a light-commercial town center called Jackson Common, which according to the resolution has received preliminary approval for 38 buildings that would include offices, retail, restaurants, a museum and library, and a 32,560-square-foot, five-floor hotel.  The website for this project states that Jackson Common would also include sports facilities and an “experimental” theater and IMAX, surrounded by studios “for all of the arts.”  Those last components aren’t surprising, as this project reflects the long-gestating “dream” of Mitch Leigh, the land’s owner.  The Brooklyn, N.Y-born and Yale University educated Leigh, who will be 85 on January 30, came to real estate development by way of Broadway, where he won a Tony Award in 1965 for the music he composed for Man of La Mancha.  In 1985, Leigh produced and directed a revival of the musical The King and I.  Over the past several weeks, Leigh, with his nimbus of white hair and raffish smile, has become a ubiquitous presence on local TV through commercials aired several times a day on New York stations.  Those ads have been touting “Jackson Twenty-One:  A Dream Village,” which Leigh describes as “a green village where you breathe clean air, and the tap water is purer than rain.” Leigh says Jackson Twenty-One (the exit number on Interstate 195, where this project is located) “is designed for really nice people of all ages” and he ends his commercial jokingly “if you’re not a nice person, please don’t call.”  Corniness aside, fine print on screen reveals the ad’s true purpose:  “data compilation.”  Leigh is attempting to gauge demand for the project’s residential and commercial components, explains a spokesperson for Leigh Realty, who asked not to be named.  John Caulfield  http://www.builderonline.com/developments/a-new-jersey-landowners-dream-is-no-longer-impossible.aspx

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