New York City is composed of five boroughs:  Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island.   Each borough also has coterminous boundaries as a county of New York State.  If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and The Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States; these same boroughs are coterminous with the four most densely populated counties in the United States (New York [Manhattan], Kings [Brooklyn], Bronx, and Queens).  The term borough was adopted to describe a unique form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city in 1898.  Under New York State Law, a "borough" is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it.  This differs significantly from typical borough forms of government used in Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, other states, Greater London, and elsewhere.   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)

New York City's largest borough/county in area is Queens at 108 square miles and Brooklyn/Kings is the largest in population with 2.3 million people as of the 1990 census.

http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqznyccounties.htm

Before incorporation into New York City, Queens was just a group of towns, so they use different neighborhood names on addresses.  Thank you, Muse reader!

Q.  Is there a difference between Mandarins and Clementines?   A.  Mandarins refer to a group of cultivars and includes Clementine and Satsuma and many other mandarins.  The word tangerine is often used interchangeably with the word mandarin but actually the term tangerine was coined for brightly colored sweet mandarins that were originally shipped out of the port of Tangiers Morocco to Florida in the late 1800s and the term stuck.  Tracy L. Kahn  Find much more on mandarins at http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/libraries/Questions_and_Answers/?uid=159&ds=267

Tangelos are deliberate or accidental hybrids of any mandarin orange and the grapefruit or pummelo.  The first known crosses were made by Dr. Walter T. Swingle at Eustis, Florida, in 1897, and Dr. Herbert J. Webber at Riverside, California, in 1898.  They are so unlike other citrus fruits that they have been set aside in a class by themselves designated Citrus X tangelo.  https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tangelo.html

Language is fluid.  Perfect used to mean without fault.  As an adjective, the word may also mean great, wonderful.  Rabbit used to be only a noun.  As a verb, it can mean to escape quickly.

Pronunciation of nouns v. verbs using the same word:  perfect  PER-fect v. per-FECT; progress  PRAH-gress v. pro-GRESS;  excuse  ecks-CYOOS v. ecks-CYOOZ

When she was about five, Flannery O’Connor began cartooning, creating small books, and writing comical sketches, which she illustrated with her own drawings.  Like William Faulkner, whose little-known, gorgeous Jazz Age drawings graced his college newspaper, O’Connor also contributed artwork to school publications throughout high school and college, earning a reputation as a cartoonist before she became a famous writer.  Her cartoons, created mostly in pen and ink and linoleum cuts, poke humor at student life and comment on the profound impact of WWII.  Underpinning her visual art is the same distinct blend of humor and uncompromising fierceness that makes her literary style so singular and so memorable.  Maria Popova  See samples of her cartoons at https://www.brainpickings.org/2013/12/12/flannery-oconnor-cartoons/  Thank you, Muse reader!  See also http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2012/07/06/flannery-oconnor-cartoonist/

Aleppo peppers are moderately hot red chilies from Turkey and Northern Syria, sun-dried, seeded and crushed.  Also known as Halaby pepper, Aleppo pepper, is the preferred capsicum for adding the gentle edge of authentic Mediterranean flavor and fragrance.  To make an aleppo pepper substitute, combine four parts sweet paprika plus one part cayenne pepper OR purchase Korean Gochugaru pepper.  http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/aleppo-pepper

Capsicum consists of 20–27 species, five of which are domesticated:  C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens.  Many varieties of the same species can be used in many different ways; for example, C. annuum includes the "bell pepper" variety, which is sold in both its immature green state and its red, yellow, or orange ripe state.  This same species has other varieties, as well, such as the Anaheim chiles often used for stuffing, the dried ancho (also sometimes referred to as poblano) chile used to make chili powder, the mild-to-hot jalapeño, and the smoked, ripe jalapeño, known as chipotle.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum

Kafta recipe adapted from Annia Ciezadlo's Day of Honey using Aleppo pepper  http://www.saveur.com/article/Recipes/Kafta-Lebanese-Beef-Kebabs

Watch the fifth annual International Jazz Day April 30, 2016 at

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsmnWg0pneY&feature=player_embedded  1:34:42

HELLO, I'M GMAIL, AND I'LL BE YOUR SERVER TODAY.  MAY I START YOU OFF WITH SOME SPAM?  http://www.chron.com/entertainment/comics-games/comic/Real-Life-Adventures/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1465  May 3, 2016  On this date in 1802, Washington, D.C. was incorporated as a city.  On this date in 1915, the poem In Flanders Fields was written by Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae.