Wednesday, April 15, 2020


August 19, 2019  A UCLA study revealed that a gene on the X chromosome may help explain why more women than men develop multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.  Researchers found that a gene known as Kdm6a was expressed more in women's immune cells than in men's, and expressed more in female mice than in males.  When the Kdm6a gene was eliminated in mice that were bred to mimic a disease like MS, they had improved symptoms, reduced inflammation and less damage to their spinal cords.  Women's risk of developing MS is about three times greater than men's, and women have stronger immune responses in general.  Previous research has suggested that these differences may be due to differences in sex hormones and/or chromosomes between men and women.  Since women have two X chromosomes, they have a "double dose" of genes on the X chromosome, and although there is a natural mechanism to silence the extra genes, some genes elude that mechanism.  https://www.uclahealth.org/x-chromosome-gene-may-explain-why-women-are-more-prone-to-autoimmune-diseases

Sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen seem to be important in modulating the immune response, says Veena Taneja of the Mayo Clinic, who studies differences in male and female immune systems.  What's more, she says, women also have two copies of the X chromosome, while men have only one.  "The X chromosome has lots of immune-response genes," Taneja says.  While women's extra X chromosome is generally silenced, she says, "almost around 10% of those genes, they can be activated.   Many of those genes are actually immune-response genes."  That makes it possible, she says, that women get a "double-dose" of protection—although it's still too soon to know exactly how all this might play out in the context of COVID-19.  Nell Greenfieldboyce  https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/04/10/831883664/the-new-coronavirus-appears-to-take-a-greater-toll-on-men-than-on-women?utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=nprtopicsscience

April 11, 2020  As British politicians invoke memories of World War II’s “Blitz Spirit” during the coronavirus lockdown, and many are quietly channeling the stoic resolve their elders showed in the face of enormous hardship, some in the nation’s baking community are taking a more direct cue from history.  Britain's National Loaf—a nutrient-dense whole wheat bread first produced in 1942—has been re-emerging in recent weeks.  Alasdair Lane  https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/british-bakers-reintroduce-world-war-ii-bread-coronavirus-fight-n1180536

Brett Battles is an American author from Los AngelesCalifornia.  Brett Battles' first novel, The Cleaner (2007), introduced recurring character Jonathan Quinn, freelance intelligence operative.  "The Cleaner" was nominated for the Barry Award for Best Thriller.  His second novel, The Deceived (2008), won the Barry Award for Best Thriller.  His third novel, Shadow of Betrayal, continues the adventures of freelance operative and "cleaner" Jonathan Quinn.  Shadow of Betrayal was published in the United Kingdom under the title The Unwanted (Preface Publishing, 2009).  This fourth novel, The Silenced, was released by Dell in 2011. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Battles

Robert Gregory Browne is an AMPAS Nicholl Award-winning screenwriter and International Thriller Writers (ITW) Thriller Award nominated novelist, publisher, playwright, composer, lyricist, designer, and rabid sample library enthusiast.  His novels Trial Junkies and Trial Junkies:  Negligence were Amazon bestsellers and his first novel, Kiss Her Goodbye, was produced by CBS Television.  https://robertgregorybrowne.com/

Green beans get their color from chlorophyll, and yellow wax beans are simply green beans that have been bred to have none of this pigment.  So the questions are, does chlorophyll contribute to the flavor of green beans and will you miss it if it’s not there?  We tasted green and wax beans steamed until crisp-tender and braised in our Mediterranean Braised Green Beans recipe.  In both applications, tasters found very little difference in the flavors of the two beans, calling both sweet and “grassy.”  But wax beans did have one advantage over green:  Because they have little color to lose during prolonged braising, their appearance changes less than that of green beans, which tend to turn a drab olive.  So if you’re making a long-cooked bean dish and are picky about aesthetics, go for the gold.  Link to recipes at https://www.cooksillustrated.com/how_tos/6529-green-versus-wax-beans

Poetry has captivated physicians for centuries.  In the early 19th century, John Keats abandoned a career in medicine to concentrate on writing.  Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. (“Old Ironsides,” “The Chambered Nautilus”) wrote poems throughout his medical career and continued to do so long after he retired from Harvard Medical School in 1882.  William Carlos Williams, who practiced pediatrics and general medicine for more than 40 years, won the first National Book Award for poetry in 1950 and was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1963.  As doctors established modern-day medical journals in the 19th and 20th centuries, editors and publishers started to include poetry alongside discussions of surgical techniques and treatises on new treatments.  Stephanie DeMarco   Read poems at https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-03-11/column-one-doctor-poets

April 7, 2020  By the time Michel de Montaigne wrote “Of Experience,” the last entry in his third and final book of essays, the French statesman and author had weathered numerous outbreaks of plague (in 1585, while he was mayor of Bordeaux, a third of the population perished), political uprisings, the death of five daughters, and an onslaught of physical ailments, from rotting teeth to debilitating kidney stones.  All the while, Montaigne was writing.  From a tower on his family’s estate in southwestern France, he’d innovated a leisurely yet commodious literary mode that mirrored—while also helping to manufacture—the unpredictable movements of his racing mind.  Part evolving treatise, part prismatic self-portrait, the essai, in Montaigne’s conception, was the antidote to self-isolation, a recurring conference in the midst of quarantine, perhaps even a kind of textual necromancy—his best friend and intellectual sparring partner, the poet Étienne de La Boétie, had died of plague in 1563.  “Of Experience” is about how to live when life itself comes under attack.  Because life as we’ve known it is on hold at the moment, because sickness and confusion are everywhere, and because one of the things books are good for is reminding us that we aren’t alone in history or consciousness, reading “Of Experience” right now feels like an analogue to experience; not a cold study of a distant artist’s late style so much as wisdom lit for wary souls unresigned, as of yet, to world-weariness.  “Of Experience” is one of Montaigne’s gravest works—“We must learn to endure,” he writes, “what we cannot avoid”—but the writing is so vigorous, so uninterested in despair.  In the end, we get the sense from the writing that the writing was Montaigne’s method of magnifying enjoyment. Reading him might be as good a way as any to suspend life’s flight.  Drew Bratcher  https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/04/07/sheltering-in-place-with-montaigne/   Drew Bratcher was born in Nashville.  He received his M.F.A. from the University of Iowa.  He lives in Chicagoland.

June 28 is "Two Pi Day", also known as "Tau Day".  2π, also known by the Greek letter tau (τ) is a common multiple in mathematical formulae.  Some have argued that τ is the more fundamental constant, and that Tau Day should be celebrated instead.  Celebrations of this date jokingly suggest eating "twice the pie".  Pi Approximation Day is observed on July 22 (22/7 in the day/month format), since the fraction ​227 is a common approximation of π, which is accurate to two decimal places and dates from Archimedes.  Link to information on Mole Day and Square Root Day at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_Day

April 13, 2020  Fairy tales and facts:  Siri Hustvedt on how we read in a pandemic. | Lit Hub    Escape your self-isolation by exploring these maps of fictional, fantastical places. | Atlas Obscura    “The Lemons.” A poem by Eugenio Montale, translated by Jonathan Galassi. | Lit Hub    Sound artist Alan Nakagawa’s “Social Distancing, Haiku and You” project is inviting people to write and record haikus for a collaborative project with one California art museum. | Smithsonian Magazine    Why are some readers turning to Mrs Dalloway as a quarantine read? | The New Yorker    Silent Book Club gatherings have taken on an entirely new meaning during quarantine. | Los Angeles Times   Eight novelists on what books are reassuring them right now. | Vogue  https://lithub.com 

WORD OF THE DAY gilder noun  One who gilds; especially one whose occupation is to overlay things with gold.  April 15 is the anniversary of the day Italian Renaissance polymath Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452, and is declared by the International Association of Art to be World Art Day to celebrate the fine arts

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2255  April 15, 2020

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