Monday, July 30, 2018


druthers  noun  1895, from jocular formation based on I'd ruther, American English dialectal form of I'd rather (used by Bret Harte as drathers, 1875).  https://www.etymonline.com/word/druthers

Sedna (Inuktitut:  Sanna) is the goddess of the sea and marine animals in Inuit mythology, also known as the Mother of the Sea or Mistress of the Sea.  Sedna is also known as Arnakuagsak or Arnaqquassaaq (Greenland) and Sassuma Arnaa ("Mother of the Deep", West Greenland) and Nerrivik ("Table", northern Greenland) or Nuliajuk (District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories, Canada).  She is sometimes known by other names by different Inuit groups such as Arnapkapfaaluk ("Big Bad Woman") of the Copper Inuit from the Coronation Gulf area and Takánakapsâluk or Takannaaluk (Igloolik).  The story of Sedna, which is a creation myth, describes how she came to rule over Adlivun, the Inuit underworld.   A version of Sedna's origin is recounted in Dan Simmons's novel The Terror, as part of the backstory for the novel's main antagonist, an Inuit demon called the Tuunbaq.  Sedna is mentioned in Douglas Orgill's and John Gribbin's novel The Sixth Winter:  according to Inuit legend, she is responsible for the ice tornadoes that herald the coming of the new Ice Age.  In William T. Vollmann's sixth's volume of his Seven Dreams: A Book of North American Landscapes series, The Rifles, Sedna's myth is recounted, with the Inuit woman Reepah transforming into Sedna at one point.  Sedna appears in the Fimbulwinter Game during the events of the Niven & Barnes novel The Barsoom Project.  A team of live-action role players must rid the ailing goddess's hair of pestilent manifestations of mortal sins, as her damaged fingers prevent Sedna from combing them away herself.  A sculpture of Sedna by Kiugak Ashoona appeared on a Canadian postage stamp in 1980.  Find other references in popular culture at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedna_(mythology)

You’re at a trendy restaurant, and you ask the waiter if you can get freekeh instead of rice on the side.  He smirks, and you suddenly realize it’s not pronounced "freaky."  Don't worry, we've all been there.  Jeff Cattel  Link to 27 quinoa breakfast recipes and find a go-to guide with correct pronunciations for foods (such as açaí, bruschetta, pho, jicama, gyro and charcuterie) from the Random House Dictionary at https://greatist.com/eat/how-to-pronounce-foods

It’s been in your local health food co-op for years, but now it’s all over mainstream grocery stores as well:  açaí juice, açaí-flavored ice cream and yogurt, açaí bars and açaí supplements.  The package usually mentions the words “super food” to describe this berry native to Central and South America, and advertisers focus on the fruit’s high levels of antioxidants.  Açaí may be “trendy” in the United States, but for villagers in the Oiapoque indigenous region of northern Brazil, açaí has been a diet staple for centuries.  Açaí grows on palm trees that tower 15 to 30 meters high.  In the Açaízal Village in the Uaça indigenous reserve, the trees that the village is named after are abundant.  To reach the branched panicles of berries near the tops, the villagers use the most reliable equipment they have:  themselves.  With nothing more than a looped palm leaf tied around their feet to help grasp the trunk and a knife gripped tightly between their teeth, villagers take turns scaling a tree, cutting down a bunch of berries, and slowly sliding back down the trunk.  It looks dangerous, but children as young as seven or eight begin learning how to harvest this precious fruit.  Link to slideshow at https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/latinamerica/brazil/explore/acai-the-roots-of-a-super-fruit.xml

panicle is a much-branched inflorescence.  Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate.  The branches of a panicle are often racemes.  A panicle may have determinate or indeterminate growth.  This type of inflorescence is largely characteristic of grasses such as oat and crabgrass, as well as other plants such as pistachio and mamoncillo.  Botanists use the term paniculate in two ways:  "having a true panicle inflorescence" as well as "having an inflorescence with the form but not necessarily the structure of a panicle".  See graphics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicle

July 13, 2018  The world's largest avocado has just premiered Down Under.  Dubbed "Avozillas"--these souped-up avocados are about five times bigger than a regular one.  These enormous avos originally hail from South Africa, but a farming family is growing them in Queensland, reports CNN affiliate 9News.  The giant avocado is the lovechild of two avocado species:  the West Indian and the Guatemalan.  The Groves family have 400 avocado trees on the go, while 2,000 more trees have been planted by another farmer in Bundaberg.  The biggest avocado the farmers have found so far is 1.8 kilos.  Francesca Street 

Hippocrates of Kos (460-370BC) was a well-known Greek physician during the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece).  Born on the Greek island of Kos, he is considered as one of the most reputable figures in the history of medicine.  His contributions made such outstanding impact to the field that he was therefore attributed as the “Father of Western Medicine”.  Hippocrates was the founder of the “Hippocratic School of Medicine”, an intellectual school that revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece.  This institution paved the way for the field to be established as a distinct discipline, and later on, as a profession.  The writings of the Corpus Hippocraticum contributed an abundance of knowledge for bio-medical methodology and provided one of the first reflective codes of professional ethics.  Hippocrates is quoted as saying “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.”   http://www.quotographed.com/quotation-category/hippocrates-quotes/

Fishing by diving v. fishing by herding  Unlike Brown Pelicans, which dive from above to capture fish, White Pelicans feed by forming a group.  They swim in a line, and—while herding a school of fish—all dip their heads at once.  The pelican's broad bill spreads its huge pouch, as the bird pushes through the water.  As each bird lifts its head, water drains out of the pouch, and the fish go down with a gulp.  https://www.birdnote.org/show/pelicans-go-fishing

To uncover the root of "sartorial" just strip off the suffix "-ial" and you discover the Latin noun "sartor," meaning "tailor" (literally, "one who patches or mends").  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sartorial

The World Potato Congress is held every three years and organized by the not-for-profit World Potato Congress Inc., dedicated to supporting the cultivation and development of potato around the world.  The 10th WPC, held in Cusco, Peru May 27-31, 2018 marked the first time the event was held in Latin America.  Previous congresses were held in North America, Europe, South Africa, China, and New Zealand.  https://www.worldpotatocongress2018-alap.org/en/home/  The 11th WPC will be held in Dublin, Ireland May 24-27, 2021.  

The potato is the world’s fourth largest food crop, following rice, wheat, and maize.  The Inca Indians in Peru were the first to cultivate potatoes around 8,000 BC to 5,000 B.C.  In 1536 Spanish Conquistadors conquered Peru, discovered the flavors of the potato, and carried them to Europe.   Before the end of the sixteenth century, families of Basque sailors began to cultivate potatoes along the Biscay coast of northern Spain.  Sir Walter Raleigh introduced potatoes to Ireland in 1589 on the 40,000 acres of land near Cork.  It took nearly four decades for the potato to spread to the rest of Europe.  In October 1995, the potato became the first vegetable to be grown in space.  NASA and the University of Wisconsin, Madison, created the technology with the goal of feeding astronauts on long space voyages, and eventually, feeding future space colonies.  Read more, see pictures, and link to recipes at https://www.potatogoodness.com/potato-fun-facts-history/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1926  July 30, 2018 

Friday, July 27, 2018


THREE WAYS TO PRONOUNCE S 
Say S in estuary.  Say Z in easy.  Say C in erase.

Greek mythology tells us that Hercules constructed two pillars near the Straits of Gibraltar to mark the edge of the then known world.  These pillars bore the warning “Ne plus ultra” or “No More Beyond”.  They served as a warning to sailors and navigators to go no farther, essentially shutting the door on possibility.  In the 1400’s, the belief that there was nothing more to discover was so prevalent that “Ne Plus Ultra” was written on the edges of their maps.  It even became Spain’s national motto, and was seen everywhere their Standard flew.  In 1492 Columbus set sail into unknown waters to an unknown destination.  Upon discovering new lands and new opportunities Spain dropped the “Ne” from its motto and minted coins with their new motto "Plus Ultra."  http://www.morebeyond.co.za/about-more-beyond/

ne plus ultra in American  the ultimate; esp., the finest, best, most perfect, etc.  Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th Edition. Copyright © 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.  All rights reserved.
ne plus ultra in British  the extreme or perfect point or state  Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers

Jean Auel is an American author best known for her Earth's Children® books, a series of novels set in prehistoric Europe that explores interactions of Cro-Magnon people with Neanderthals.  As of 2010 her novels have sold more than 45 million copies worldwide.  The series consists of The Clan of the Cave Bear (1980), The Valley of Horses(1982), The Mammoth Hunters (1985), The Plains of Passage (1990), The Shelters of Stone (2002), and The Land of Painted Caves (2011).  Ms. Auel lives in Portland, Oregon.  She holds four honorary degrees from universities, and was awarded the French government's Ministry of Culture "Officer in the Order of Arts and Letters" medal.  How to pronounce Jean M. Auel:  OW(-uh)l  https://www.bookbrowse.com/biographies/index.cfm/author_number/753/jean-m-auel

A Boiled-Down History of Porridge and Gruel in 7 Facts by Janet Burns   Porridge-like preparations of grass-borne cereal grains, pseudocereals (like quinoa and buckwheat), and other crops have a long and varied history as meals.  Quinoa, for example, “has been used in porridge for more than 3,000 years,” while congee, a rice porridge prepared throughout Asia, has reportedly been eaten in China “since 2500 BC,” BBC News points out.  "When farming was invented and cereals were grown, charred, ripened and mashed into a pulp—porridge—it could be spooned into the mouths of infants and was extremely nourishing.  And it allowed women to stop breast-feeding after one or two years and so the birth interval halved and the population rocketed."  Read more and see graphics at http://mentalfloss.com/article/70649/boiled-down-history-porridge-and-gruel-7-facts

topsy-turvey  adverb  1520s, "but prob. in popular use from an earlier period" [OED]; compare top over terve "to fall over" (mid-15c.); likely from tops, plural of top (n.1) "highest point" + obsolete terve "turn upside down, topple over," from Old English tearflian "to roll over, overturn," from Proto-Germanic terbanan (source also of Old High German zerben "to turn round").  Century Dictionary calls it "A word which, owing to its popular nature, its alliterative type, and to ignorance of its origin, leading to various perversions made to suggest some plausible origin, has undergone, besides the usual variations of spelling, extraordinary modifications of form."  It lists 31 variations.  As an adjective from 1610s.  https://www.etymonline.com/word/topsy-turvy

5 recipes for radish leaves  When you get a bunch of radishes do you toss the greens?  Stop it.  They’re edible and tasty. by Robin Shreeves   Link to recipes at https://www.mnn.com/food/recipes/blogs/5-recipes-for-radish-leaves

buoy is a floating device that can have many purposes.  It can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents.  The word, of Old French or Middle Dutch origin, is in British English most commonly pronounced /ˈbɔɪ/ (identical to boy, as in buoyant).  In American English the pronunciation is closer to "boo-ee."  See types and pictures at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoy

In the mid-1800s, canals crossed Washington and ran alongside the Mall, carrying boats filled with cargo and people between the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers.  A lockkeeper and his family of 13 children lived in the small stone house at Constitution Avenue and 17th Street between 1835 and 1855.  He collected tolls and operated the lock of the Washington City Canal.  Nationwide, canal traffic declined by the 1850s with the rise of railroads.  In 1855, the lockkeeper was no longer needed and the canal became neglected and polluted.  The city filled in the canal 1872.   The lockkeeper's house was abandoned in 1855, and squatters lived in it for many years.  For a short time, the Park Police kept prisoners in the house.  After nearly 20 years without barge service on a very dirty waterway, the city filled the canal to make way for the new Constitution Avenue.  The Lockkeeper's House remained as a visible remembrance of the city's early commercial dreams.  http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/lockkeepers-house

October 16, 2017  Dating as far back as circa 1836, the Lockkeeper’s House is the oldest structure on the National Mall and the the last remaining lock-keeper's house of the C&O Canal Extension.  As part of the Constitution Gardens revitalization project, the Lockkeeper’s House recently underwent a move.  The developers behind the project are Rogers Partners and PWP Landscape, who won a national design competition in 2012.  This D.C. structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  Michelle Goldchain See picture and link to video at https://dc.curbed.com/2017/10/16/16482804/lockkeepers-house-national-mall-move-video

What's the difference between a crisp, crumble, cobbler, slump and buckle? by Marge Perry   Find generally accepted definitions and note that sometimes crisps and buckles are also called crumbles.  Link to recipes at http://www.myrecipes.com/how-to/cooking-questions/difference-cobbler-crisp-crumble-buckle

Fort Jefferson was built to protect one of the most strategic deepwater anchorages in North America.  By fortifying this spacious harbor, the United States maintained an important “advance post” for ships patrolling the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida.  Nestled within the islands and shoals that make up the Dry Tortugas, the harbor offered ships the chance to resupply, refit, or seek refuge from storms.  The location of the Tortugas along one the world’s busiest shipping lanes was its greatest military asset.  Though passing ships could easily avoid the largest of Fort Jefferson’s guns, they could not avoid the warships that used its harbor.  Poised to protect this valuable harbor was one of the largest forts ever built.   Nearly thirty years in the making (1846-1875), Fort Jefferson was never finished nor fully armed.  Yet it was a vital link in a chain of coastal forts that stretched from Maine to California.  During the Civil War, Union warships used the harbor in their campaign to blockade Southern shipping.  The fort was also used as a prison, mainly for Union deserters.  Its most famous prisoner was Dr. Samuel Mudd, the physician who set the broken leg of John Wilkes Booth.  Abandoned by the Army in 1874, the fort was later used as a coaling station for warships.  In 1898, the USS Maine sailed into history, departing the Tortugas on its fateful mission to Havana, Cuba.  Though used briefly during both world wars, the fort’s final chapter as “Guardian of the Gulf” had long since closed.  See pictures and link to information on the National Park at https://www.nps.gov/drto/learn/historyculture/fort-jefferson.htm

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1925  July 27, 2018   

Wednesday, July 25, 2018


humbug  noun  1751, student slang, "trick, jest, hoax, imposition, deception," of unknown origin.  Also appearing as a verb at the same time, "deceive by false pretext" (trans.).  A vogue word of the early 1750s; its origin was a subject of much whimsical speculation even then.  "[A]s with other and more recent words of similar introduction, the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention" [OED]. Meaning "spirit of deception or imposition; hollowness, sham" is from 1825.  https://www.etymonline.com/word/humbug

Interview with Tony Shalhoub:  We know how to put the fun back in dysfunction--(Tony discussing his annual family reunions) on Late Night with Seth Meyers  July 24, 2018 

Taffeta (archaically spelled taffety) is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made from silk or cuprammonium rayons.  The word is Persian in origin and means "twisted woven".  It is considered to be a "high-end" fabric, suitable for use in ball gownswedding dresses, and in interior decoration for curtains or wallcoverings.  An extremely thin, crisp type of taffeta is called paper taffeta.  There are two distinct types of silk taffeta:  yarn-dyed and piece-dyed.  Piece-dyed taffeta is often used in linings and is quite soft.  Yarn-dyed taffeta is much stiffer and is often used in evening dresses.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taffeta

The people who live in the Blue Zones—five regions in Europe, Latin America, Asia and the U.S. researchers have identified as having the highest concentrations of centenarians in the world—move their bodies a lot.  They have social circles that reinforce healthy behaviors.  They take time to de-stress.  They're part of communities, often religious ones.  And they're committed to their families.  And to qualify as a Blue Zone, these communities also have to be largely free of afflictions like heart disease, obesity, cancer and diabetes.  Dan Buettner's book, The Blue Zones Solution, is aimed at Americans, and is mostly about eating.  Tips:  Stop eating when your stomach is 80 percent full to avoid weight gain.  Eat the smallest meal of the day in the late afternoon or evening.  Eat mostly plants, especially beans.  And eat meat rarely, in small portions of 3 to 4 ounces.  Blue Zoners eat portions this size just five times a month, on average.  Drink alcohol moderately and regularly, i.e. 1-2 glasses a day.  Eliza Barclay  https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/11/398325030/eating-to-break-100-longevity-diet-tips-from-the-blue-zones

The Goldilocks Zone refers to the habitable zone around a star where the temperature is just right--not too hot and not too cold--for liquid water to exist on an planet.  Liquid water is essential for life as we know it.  Where we find liquid water on Earth we also find life.  "The only life we know about is our carbon-based life, and water plays a crucial part in our own existence, and so it's only natural that we direct our attention to planets in locations capable of having liquid water," Professor John Webb of the University of New South Wales said.  Stuart Gary  Read more at http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2016-02-22/goldilocks-zones-habitable-zone-astrobiology-exoplanets/6907836

One Pot Spicy Thai Noodles are SO good and easy to cook up.  This is a vegetarian recipe, but there are options for added protein too! by Allyson  https://domesticsuperhero.com/one-pot-spicy-thai-noodles/  Thank you, Muse reader!

Are you familiar with the word  anodyne?  It’s certainly been getting a lot more use lately.  Why is that?  The word has been around for a long time (since the first half of the 16th century, as both a noun and an adjective, according to the OED), with the primary meaning of ‘something that soothes pain’ (either physical or psychological).  It was always uncommon, but use steadily dropped across the 20th century (as determined using Google Ngrams).  Anodyne seems to have taken on a slightly different meaning in modern use, more along the lines of “harmless.”  In 2007 the OED included an additional draft definition, which is worth giving here in full: “Unlikely to provoke a strong response; innocuous, inoffensive; vapid, bland.”  They date the first use of this sense to 1933.  Anodyne recently seems to have gone from being one of those words you could—quite literally—go a couple of years without encountering to one that you can hardly avoid on a weekly basis.  Over the past few months, I’ve heard it used in speech almost regularly and have come across at least one print use (without looking for it).  In a sure sign that something is viral (I’ve been infected!), I caught myself using the word a couple of weeks ago. While anodyne is, of course, a perfectly good word, I can’t remember ever having a pressing need to use it.  But I’d caught the bug.  This kind of uptick in popularity does seem to spread like an infection, affecting more and more victims over a greater and greater area.  We can’t blame all such outbreaks on the media, but the sudden popularity of an unusual word is often the result of journalists, commentators, columnists, or others with a broadcast forum, who hear an unusual word, decide that it has some cachet in the moment, and then repeat it.  Before you know it, it seems like every talking head is dropping that word into their own speech or writing.  You know this is true:  I’ve noticed similar word trends in the past and you probably have, too.  For instance, a few years ago every financial journalist and commentator under the sun seemed to be using the word “tranche.”  In very little time, all sorts of non-financial speakers were also using it (often incorrectly). “Curate” (frequently used without regard to accuracy) is also a word that’s reached infectious levels over the past few years.  Another that I’ve got my eye on is “weaponize” (which might be overused, but seems to usually be used correctly—as long as you view it as a metaphor rather than literally).  Tranche has largely faded back into obscurity, but curate seems likely to retain its new prominence; if I had to place bets on the others mentioned here, I’d guess that weaponize will stick around but that anodyne will recede again before long.

A braid is any technique that involves crossing one section of hair over another.  You can have a braid with two, three, four, or five sections before the sections get too hard to hold.  See instruction for basic (English) braid, inside-out (Dutch) braid, French braid, inside-out French braid at https://rapunzelsresource.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/braid-basics/  See Luana braids at https://rapunzelsresource.wordpress.com/2009/10/22/luana-braids-civil-war-variation/  See also A Tribute to Victoria’s Gloriously Over-the-top Updos by Anna Silman at https://www.thecut.com/2017/01/a-tribute-to-victorias-gloriously-over-the-top-updos.html

The hardest part of preparing peaches for freezing is peeling them.  By scoring the bottom of each peach with a paring knife and quickly dunking it in a boiling water bath and then an ice bath, the peach skin loosens, making it incredibly easy to peel.  You can discard the peach skins or cover them with a bit of vodka in the fridge for a few days.  Meghan Splawn  Read more at https://www.thekitchn.com/how-to-freeze-peaches-234168

With a cat in it, a home was never empty.  "Echoes, like mice, were frightened from the corners, and loneliness, though still possible, had blunter teeth."   "The grace and delicacy of the coral cities put Anna in mind of Dr. Seuss's Whoville."  Flashback, novel # 11 in the Anna Pigeon series by Nevada Barr 

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1924  July  25, 2018 

Tuesday, July 24, 2018


Chef Ming Tsai heads to Norway’s capital, Oslo, for his fourth and final stop to visit Geitmyra Culinary Center for Children, a nonprofit organization committed to helping children make better food choices.  Andreas Viestad, Norwegian food writer and TV chef, opened the culinary center in 2011 to teach children about food.  The children learn where their food comes from, how to grow it and how to cook it, which in turn creates better eating habits and expands their palate.  Chef Ming and Andreas tour the culinary center, picking fresh ingredients like apples, which they will utilize in a few different ways.  Andreas uses fresh-pressed apple juice to put a Nordic spin on a classic cocktail—Farm Apple Kir Royale.  Meanwhile, Chef Ming decides the acidity of the apple will complement the oily richness of his mackerel dish.  Norwegian Mackerel is a rich-tasting, succulent fish.  Norwegian Mackerel has long been favored around the world, especially in Asian countries, for its flavorful, firm meat and high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids.  Mackerel has numerous health benefits—it’s  a good source of vitamins D and B12, protein, calcium, potassium and iron.  Also referred to as saba, Norwegian Mackerel can be prepared in a variety of ways.  http://news.fromnorway.com/ming-tsai/chef-ming-tsai-finds-inspiration-at-oslos-geitmyra-culinary-center-for-children/

July 20, 2018  A replica of the Earth, showing how our planet looks from space, has been created by an artist who made a giant Moon.  The 7m (23ft) diameter orb, covered in detailed NASA imagery of the Earth's surface, is 1.8 million times smaller than the real thing.  Moon artist Luke Jerram said it was "as realistic as possible", and made by Cameron Balloons in his home city of Bristol.  The Earth sculpture has been unveiled at the Bluedot music and science festival at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire.  Each centimetre of the internally-lit sculpture represents 18km of the Earth's surface.  Read more and see many pictures at https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-44888354

Do you have a New York City library card?  If so, you can now go to the Whitney Museum, the Guggenheim and 31 other prominent New York cultural institutions for free.  These institutions, which also include the Brooklyn Museum, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and MoMA PS1, have partnered with the New York City libraries to launch Culture Pass, an initiative designed to encourage underserved communities to take advantage of the city’s cultural bounty.  Library cardholders of the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library and the Queens Library will be able to reserve passes to these venues for free, albeit once a year.  The participating venues cover all five boroughs and also include the Noguchi Museum, the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, the Rubin Museum and Wave Hill.  Library cardholders can log onto culturepass.nyc and use their library card number and pin to make reservations; some of the institutions, like the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, allow entry for up to four people.  Library cardholders can also watch some 30,000 movies for free through the streaming platform Kanopy.  The initiative is funded by several philanthropic foundations as well as the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs.  Andrew R. Chao
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/16/arts/design/library-card-culture-pass-new-york-museums-free.html  Wave Hill is a 28-acre public garden and cultural center in the Bronx overlooking the Hudson River and Palisades.  For more information see https://www.wavehill.org/

July 23, 2018   Forbes story suggests replacing libraries with Amazon by Marcus Gilmer   It appears the story has been pulled from Forbes without a note or any other reason.  The story has also been removed from Mourdoukoutas' author page.  I've reached out to Forbes for details but, for now, you can read a cached version of the story here https://web.archive.org/ and an updated version that was briefly on the site is here http://archive.is/mPceN (via Wonkette).  There are bad takes, and then there's the take by Forbes contributor Panos Mourdoukoutas (who also serves as Chair of the Department of Economics at Long Island University) that local libraries should be replaced by Amazon book stores.  Among the reasons Mourdoukoutas offers are:  libraries don't have as many public events as they used to because of school auditoriums; people go to places like Starbucks to hang out and work and read now instead of their library; and because technology makes physical books obsolete.  These arguments are easy to rebut.  School auditoriums are hardly new and libraries remain bedrocks of local communities, Starbucks locations don't offer free loans of books, and libraries all over the country have amassed huge ebook collections, meaning you can still check out books in whatever format you want for free, which is way cheaper than any price on Amazon.  Also, since Mourdoukoutas brings up the demise of video rental places for some reason, it's worth pointing out that plenty of libraries now offer streaming audio and video services.  And many larger libraries, including New York City and Chicago, loan you free museum passes using your library card, proving they're still mighty useful to the community.  It's a poorly written and barely defended take. The one cogent argument Mourdoukoutas does make is that such a move would save residents in tax dollars and would help Amazon stock holders.   https://mashable.com/2018/07/22/forbes-library-amazon/#uEKRHwEwgqqC  Thank you, Muse reader!

In 1913, a character in Jack London’s The Valley of the Moon bitterly complains, “We’re hornswoggled. We’re backed to a standstill.  We’re double-crossed to a fare-you-well”.  Seven years later the young P.G. Wodehouse employed it in Little Warrior:  “Would she have the generosity to realize that a man ought not to be held accountable for what he says in the moment when he discovers that he has been cheated, deceived, robbed—in a word, hornswoggled?”  By then, the word had been in the language with that meaning for more than half a century, and even then it had been around for some decades with an older sense of “embarrass, disconcert or confuse”.  People had long since turned it into an exclamation of surprise or amazement:  “Well, I’ll be hornswoggled!”  Peter Watts argues in A Dictionary of the Old West that it comes from cowpunching.  A steer that has been lassoed around the neck will “hornswoggle”, wag and twist its head around frantically to try to slip free of the rope.  A cowboy who lets the animal get away with this is said to have been “hornswoggled”.  A nice idea, but nobody seems to have heard of hornswoggle in the cattle sense, and it may be a guess based on horn.

The meme first appeared in Richard Dawkins’ first book, “The Selfish Gene” (1976), and was an attempt to understand why some behaviours, from an evolutionary perspective, seemed to make no sense but, somehow or other, were found to be very common in human societies.  As Dawkins emphasised, natural selection is a ruthless judge of its subjects and any frailty, physical or behavioural, is almost inevitably rewarded by a rapid exit from the gene pool.  It therefore followed that any widespread behaviour, prevalent in a thriving population, no matter how immediately inexplicable, should give some advantage in terms of gene survival.  Continued research aimed to understand the reasons behind animal behaviours has yielded results that are entirely consistent with this thesis.  In some cases, however, it is necessary to dig a little deeper and understand exactly what is benefitting from particular behaviours.  Daniel Dennett, in his wonderful book “Breaking The Spell” (2006), gives the example of ants climbing to the top of blades of grass, and staying there, from which exposed position they are frequently devoured by grazing animals.  It is impossible to account for this behaviour until it is realised that the beneficiary is not the ant and her genes but a tiny creature called a lancet fluke which has taken over the brain of the ant and compelled it to follow this course of action.  It is part of the lancet fluke’s reproductive cycle to be eaten by a sheep or cow, and hitching a ride inside the ant is an excellent way to achieve this.  Viruses also utilise the behaviour of their hosts.  They enter an organism and use the body’s responses to their presence, such as sneezing or excreting, to facilitate their passage to further unwilling hosts.  There are numerous other examples where one organism utilises or manipulates the behaviour of another to further its own genetic agenda; often at the expense of the other.  The lancet fluke, the virus, or any other organism furthering the spread of its own genes, has no malign intentions towards their hosts or, in fact, any intentions at all.  What is being seen is a process that has evolved through natural selection and favours the genes of lancet fluke or virus, or whatever.  Expanding on these observations and discoveries, Dawkins wondered, when observing behaviours among humans, whether any similar process could be at work to explain why some ideas, which on the face of it seem injurious to those who hold them, continue to persist and proliferate.  Devoting oneself to one’s art, impoverishing oneself in the pursuit of Truth, or welcoming martyrdom for one’s cause do not, it seems, represent behaviours which are obviously beneficial to the individual of for the spread of that individual’s genes.  So, given that this kind of behaviour clearly exists, and is widespread, what is reaping the benefit?  Dawkins’ somewhat surprising answer was the ideas themselves.  Ideas are clearly in competition with each other so perhaps there’s a selection process going on, analogous to natural selection, through which some ideas prove successful and spread whilst others die out.  He concluded that there was such a selection process and, to emphasise the parallel to natural selection, he coined the term “meme” which come from an ancient Greek root, “mimeme”, meaning imitated thing.  Dawkins has also, perhaps a touch mischievously, referred to memes as “mind viruses”, which has been met, predictably, with howls of indignation from some circles.  The point he is trying to make is that memes, just like viruses, are indifferent to the welfare or otherwise of their hosts and the only thing that counts, from their perspective, is that they persist.  https://www.richarddawkins.net/2014/02/whats-in-a-meme/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1923  July 24, 2018 

Monday, July 23, 2018


Broiled asparagus   Heat broiler.  On a baking sheet, toss the asparagus with oil and ¼ teaspoon each salt and pepper.  Arrange the asparagus in a single layer and broil, shaking the baking sheet occasionally, until tender and slightly charred, 6 to 8 minutes.  Christopher Baker  https://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/browse-all-recipes/broiled-asparagus

Etymological Peculiarities of Poetonyms in “The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe” by C.S.Lewis by Yulya Ivanenko   The term ‘poetonym’ was suggested by a famous Ukrainian linguist Prof. Kalinkin (2008) to indicate proper names that function in literary works.  Peter is a principal  character in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.  His name appears 148 times in the text.  As the eldest brother, he tries his best to protect his other siblings and to act like a responsible young adult.  The name Peter comes from Latin Petrus which means "stone, rock” which proves that his personal traits fully correspond to his name.  The next character Susan is the elder sister and the second eldest child (115 examples of usage).  The name Susan is a form of Susanna, deriving originally from Middle Egyptian sšn – “lotus flower”.  The name of the second brother, Edmund  is of Old English origin and its meaning is "wealthy protector".  The youngest sister Lucy (derived from the Latin noun Lux, meaning "light".  The origin of the name Narnia is uncertain.  According to Paul Ford's Companion to Narnia, there is no indication that Lewis was alluding to the ancient Umbrian city Nequinium, renamed Narnia by the conquering Romans in 299 BC after the river Nar, a tributary of the Tiber.  However, since Lewis studied classics at Oxford, it is possible that he came across at least some of the seven or so references to Narnia in Latin literature.  The group of zoopoetonyms is rich in examples:  8 poetonyms are used 346 times in the present text.  These names are given to the animals drawn in fiction.  The most common is the name Aslan (the King of the wood, the son of the great Emperor-beyond-the-Sea, the King, the Lord of the whole wood, the Lion).  He is said to have nine names but not all of them are given in the series.  Aslan (or variant arslan) means "lion" in Turkish.  Read 12-page essay at https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/oghuz

Since 2018 is the one hundredth anniversary of the end of WWI, the American Guild of Organists  has chosen to commemorate this date.   One hundred years ago, at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, World War I ended.  The largest, deadliest, and most brutal conflict the world had ever seen had ravaged the entire globe for four years, leaving tens of millions dead and tens of millions more homeless, starving, and alone.  The inspiration for the AGO's  response comes from Leonard Bernstein:  "This will be our reply to violence:  to make music more intensely, more beautifully, more devotedly than ever before."   Kansas City is the home to the National World War I Museum and Memorial.  Additionally, the Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, is running a special exhibit through December on Truman's experiences in WWI and the formative effect they had on him.

Hola friends!  Late last night I flew back home from my vacation in Mexico and I couldn’t wait to get into the kitchen today.  One of my wonderful readers suggested Sopa de Fideo to me a couple weeks ago and I thought this would be an appropriate time to give it a try (kind of like a final celebration of all the wonderful things I saw and experienced in Mexico).  This incredibly simple soup is easy to make, full of flavor, and (of course) inexpensive.  What makes it special is the toasted vermicelli noodles that add a little extra depth of flavor compared to your every day noodle soup.  There are a million ways to make Sopa de Fideo, so I put my own spin on it with a little cumin, lime juice, and fresh cilantro (because I LOVE lime in soup).  If you want to make this soup a little heartier, you can add some shredded chicken, or store bought rotisserie chicken.  If you want to have fun with toppings, try a few chunks of avocado, some crumbled queso fresco, or even a few tortilla chips.  I ate mine plain and simple and loved every spoonful!  Find recipe by Beth at https://www.budgetbytes.com/sopa-de-fideo/

Air Force One is technically not the name of a plane, but rather the callsign used by air traffic controllers to refer to whatever aircraft is carrying the President.  Popularly, though, it is the name given to the presidential plane, a modified Boeing model 747-200B, which under Air Force designation is known as a VC-25A.  There are two of them, so that at least one is ready at all times.  They're mostly identical except for their tail codes:  SAM 28000 and SAM 29000 (SAM stands for Special Air Mission).  The callsign was adopted in 1953, after the plane carrying President Eisenhower and a commercial airliner, both with the tail code 8610, dangerously entered the same airspace.  The president's aircraft at that time was a prop plane--a Lockheed C-121 Constellations nicknamed Columbine II--but it was again Eisenhower who flew on the first presidential jet, a modified Boeing 707 that entered service in 1959.  At that time, the planes were still full-fledged military aircraft and they sported a red, orange and black color scheme designed by the Air Force.   The radical redesign that still survives today debuted on a brand new Boeing 707 (or C-137 Stratoliner as the Air Force called it) with tail code SAM 26000.  It entered service in October of 1962.  "It evolved from an interesting interaction between JFK, Jackie Kennedy and Raymond Loewy, who was a famed industrial designer," said Air Force One historian and former Smithsonian curator Von Hardesty in a phone interview.  Although one of Loewy's initial sketches included some red, the final design did not.  The dominant blue paint job came at JFK's request.  "The seafoam blue and silver on the lower half was a stroke of genius to make the plane seem more horizontal and sleek," said designer and former president of the American Institute of Graphic Arts Sean Adams in an email interview.  Jacopo Prisco,  Read more and see many pictures at https://www.cnn.com/style/article/air-force-one-trump-design-history/index.html

Presidential sister Eunice Kennedy Shriver started the Special Olympics in 1968 with the hope of transforming the lives of people with intellectual disabilities through sports.  She was inspired by her sister Rosemary, who spent most of her life in a mental institution.  The first Special Olympics games, a one-day event on July 20, 1968, were fairly small:  About one thousand athletes from the United States and Canada competed at Soldier Park in Chicago in more than 400 events.  Now, fifty years later, more than five million athletes from 172 countries compete.  Kennedy Shriver died in 2009, but her son Tim Shriver is carrying on the legacy.  He said the games have evolved since their first conception.  "I think the reason we're in 172 countries is that people in all of those countries are hungry to participate in something bigger," Shriver said.  "They're hungry to be reawakened to the power of compassion and encounter.  They're hungry for gentleness, a little bit of kindness and that's the story that needs telling."  This year in honor of the Games’ 50th anniversary, a special unified program is being held, where athletes with and without intellectual disabilities will participate in events together.  Katie Reimchen and Abby Grisez  Read more and see pictures at https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/special-olympics-turns-50-celebrating-half-century-power-compassion-encounter-n893271

July 20, 2018  It is unusual for the world to become aware of an entire body of important work by a major artist after that artist’s death.  So give the case of Jack Whitten and his sculpture a moment’s consideration.  When Whitten died this year, little more than a year after being presented with the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama, almost no one knew about the half-century of sculpture he had under his belt.  That’s partly because the sculptures were made, and remained, mostly in his home in a small village on the Greek island of Crete, where he had spent almost every summer since 1969.  It’s also because Whitten’s painting wasn’t yet as well known to the general public as it deserved to be.  It still isn’t—although over the past decade that has certainly begun to change.  It’s common today to find Whitten’s commanding, technically audacious, subtly buzzing and politically charged abstract paintings hanging in major museums around the country.   Odyssey: Jack Whitten sculpture, 1963-2017 Through July 29 at the Baltimore Museum of Art, 10 Art Museum Dr., Baltimore  artbma.org.  The exhibition then moves to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Ave., New York. metmuseum.org, Sept. 6-Dec. 2.  Sebastian Smee  Read much more at https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/after-death-major-works-by-artist-jack-whitten-discovered/2018/07/20/28aeb024-86bb-11e8-9e80-403a221946a7_story.html?utm_term=.5dc9bb6ca3ae

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1922  July 23, 2018  Word of the Day  maverick  noun  An unbranded range animal.  Anything dishonestly obtained.  One who is unconventional or does not abide by rules.  One who creates or uses controversial or unconventional ideas or practices.  A person in the military who became an officer by going to college while on active duty as an enlisted person.  queen and a jack as a starting hand in Texas hold 'em.  Texas lawyer and politician Samuel Maverick, whose name is the source of the word, was born on this day 215 years ago in 1803.  Wiktionary