The Caspian Sea
is the Earth's largest inland body of water.
It lies at the junction of Europe and Asia, with the Caucasus Mountains
to the west and the steppes of Central Asia to the east. It is bordered by Russia to the northwest,
Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, Turkmenistan to the southeast and
Kazakhstan to the northeast. Ownership of the sea's resources is a
contentious issue among its surrounding countries. The Caspian Sea is rich with oil and natural
gas, making access to it a high-stakes proposition. These complicated socio-cultural and
political aspects, as well as the geographic and environmental features, make
the Caspian Sea an interesting subject for researchers. "In some ways, it connects several countries that
share no land border and in other ways it serves as buffer between states of
different politics and ideologies," said Michael Kukral, author and
professor of geography at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Ohio. The Caspian Sea is endorheic, meaning it has
no natural outlets. More than 130 rivers
flow into the Caspian Sea, according to Natural History Magazine, none of which are in the east. The primary tributary is the Volga River in
the north, which provides about 80 percent of the inflowing water. The Ural River, also in the north, and the
Kura River in the west, are also significant tributaries. There
are approximately 50 small, mostly uninhabited islands in the Caspian Sea,
according to New World Encyclopedia.
Most are in the north, but the largest island, Ogurja Ada, is in the
south. The Caspian Sea is next to the world's largest lagoon, according
to Lakepedia. The 6,949-square-mile
(18,000 square km) Kara-Bogaz Gol lagoon is on the eastern coast of the Caspian
Sea and is separated from it by sand bars.
A dam was built between the Caspian Sea and Kara-Bogaz Gol in 1980 but it
was removed in 1992 because of the changes it caused to water levels. Seas are usually partially enclosed by land,
according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, but the
Caspian Sea is entirely enclosed by land. While
the Caspian Sea is not fresh water, its salty water is diluted by the inflow of
fresh water, especially in the north. The question of whether it is a
lake or a sea has political and economic ramifications, wrote Hanna Zimnitskaya
in a 2011 Journal of Eurasian Studies article. If the Caspian Sea is a lake, then the United
Nations and international law have no control over its waters, she wrote. If it is a sea, international organizations
can have input on its use. This is especially important because its
energy resources. "Petroleum
resources around and under the Caspian Sea make it an economic natural resource
and a political issue of access and ownership," Kukral said. If the
Caspian Sea is a lake, it contains 40 percent of all lake water in the
world. "It is the world's largest
lake," Kukral said.
Many people assume a computer will
create perfectly balanced spacing between letters, words and lines.
Such faith in technology is misplaced.
In kerning--the adjusted spacing
between letters--each letter has personal space that brackets it. For a computer, those spaces are defined by
the digital postscript settings. These
common settings, though, do not accommodate the space that is formed when
particular letters combine, so kerning can become “keming”. The web is
littered with examples at
http://11points.com/11-photos-made-raunchy-bad-kerning/
gathered with typographic amusement, by those who recognise what happens when
“good type is forced to do bad things”.
Some years ago, my husband casually asked, “Who’s Tom Braider?”. Initial
puzzlement quickly converted to typographic delight, as I saw the Tomb Raider
movie poster and understood his question.
If words are bricks, and spaces mortar, one hopes to see a wall,
not bricks and mortar. The issue of word
separation is often exacerbated by the misuse of justification,
one of the four text-setting options offered by the computer (range left, range
right, centred or justify). The temptation
to create a clean-edged text block means that the computer can apply arbitrary
and often incorrect spacing. Leading (pronounced
“ledding” and named after the strips or slugs of lead traditionally inserted
between lines of metal type for printing) provides breathing space between
lines of text. Knowledgeable use of
leading creates not just an ease of reading, but can also influence the mood of
a body of text. It’s commonly assumed that fonts of the same point size will look the
same size. Wrong. Some fonts of the same height actually
consume more space, looking larger and causing text to feel overcrowded. Choosing a font is not the end of the
story; it is only the beginning.
Understanding the space that surrounds the letterforms and how they
combine to make words, lines and text is vital in effectively communicating,
rather than typing, a message. If, as
Star Trek’s James T. Kirk states, “space is the final frontier”, then space is
the invisible frontier that separates type from typography. Louise
McWhinney http://theconversation.com/kerning-spacing-leading-the-invisible-art-of-typography-19699
ecclesial adjective
formal Relating to or
constituting a Church or denomination.
Mid 17th century (rare before the 1960s): via Old French from Greek ekklēsia ‘assembly,
church’ https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ecclesial ecclesiastical adjective
Relating to the Christian Church or its clergy. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ecclesiastical
Spiced Fruit Spoon
1 tbsp. mincemeat (or jam) and 1tsbp. butter over fresh peach or pear
halves. Broil and serve hot.
The Maillard
reaction is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food
its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks,
pan-fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted
marshmallows, as well as many other foods, undergo this reaction. It is named after French chemist Louis-Camille
Maillard, who first described it in 1912 while attempting to
reproduce biological protein synthesis. The reaction is a form of non-enzymatic
browning which typically proceeds rapidly from around 140 to
165 °C (280 to 330 °F).
Many recipes will call for an oven temperature
high enough to ensure that a Maillard reaction occurs. At higher temperatures, caramelization and subsequently pyrolysis become more pronounced. In the process, hundreds of different flavor
compounds are created. These compounds,
in turn, break down to form yet more new flavor compounds, and so on. Each type of food has a very distinctive set
of flavor compounds that are formed during the Maillard reaction. It is these same compounds that flavor scientists have used over the
years to make artificial flavors. See graphics and a list of foods and products
with Maillard reactions at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maillard_reaction
"Legends say that hummingbirds float free of
time, carrying our hopes for love, joy and celebration. Hummingbirds open our eyes to the wonder of
the world and inspire us to open our hearts to loved ones and friends. Like a hummingbird, we aspire to hover and to
savor each moment as it passes, embrace all that life has to offer and to
celebrate the joy of everyday. The
hummingbird’s delicate grace reminds us that life is rich, beauty is
everywhere, every personal connection has meaning and that laughter is life’s
sweetest creation." Papyrus
greeting card
Teterboro Airport is a general aviation relief airport located in the boroughs of Teterboro, Moonachie,
and Hasbrouck
Heights in Bergen County,
in New Jersey.
It is owned and managed by the Port
Authority of New York and New Jersey and operated by AFCO
AvPORTS Management. The airport is in
the New Jersey
Meadowlands, 12 miles (19 km) from Midtown Manhattan, which makes it very popular
for private and corporate aircraft. The airport has a weight limit of 100,000
pounds (45,000 kg) on aircraft, which is meant to make it nonviable as a
commercial airport. The airport takes up
almost all of Teterboro and consists of 827 acres (3.35 km2):
90 acres (0.36 km2) for aircraft hangar and offices, 408 acres (1.65 km2)
for aeronautical use and runways, and 329 acres
(1.33 km2) undeveloped.
The airport has more than 1,137 employees, of whom more than 90% are
full-time. Teterboro Airport is the
oldest operating airport in the New York City
area. Walter C. Teter (1863–1929) acquired the property in 1917. North American
Aviation operated a manufacturing plant on the site
during World War I. After the war, the airport served as a base of
operations for Anthony Fokker,
the Dutch aircraft designer. The first
flight from the present airport site was made in 1919. In 1926 Colonial Air
Transport at Teterboro was the first private company to deliver
mail by air. During World War II, the United States Army operated
the airport. The Port
Authority of New York & New Jersey purchased it on April 1,
1949, from Fred L. Wehran, a private owner, and later leased it to Pan American
World Airways (and its successor organization Johnson Controls) for 30 years until December
1, 2000, when the Port Authority assumed full responsibility for the operation
of Teterboro. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teterboro_Airport
Teterboro Airport - 1929 - World’s Largest Passenger Plane "Biggest landplane in U.S., built for night
passenger flying, seats 32 and will have berths for sixteen." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9qVMVTwL8M 1:32
The Library of Congress announced on May 30, 2108 that
collector and entrepreneur Stephen A. Geppi has donated to the nation’s library
more than 3,000 items from his phenomenal and vast personal collection of comic
books and popular art, including the original storyboards that document the
creation of Mickey Mouse. This multimillion-dollar gift includes comic books,
original art, photos, posters, newspapers, buttons, pins, badges and related
materials, and select items will be on display beginning this summer. The Stephen A. Geppi Collection of Comics and
Graphic Arts has been on public display in Baltimore, Maryland, for the past
decade and is a remarkable and comprehensive assemblage of popular art. It includes a wide range of rare comics and
represents the best of the Golden (1938-1956), Silver (1956-1970) and Bronze
(1970-1985) ages of comic books. The
mint-condition collection is also noted for its racially and socially diverse
content as well as the distinctive creative styles of each era. Six rare storyboards detail the story layout
and action for Walt Disney’s 1928 animated film, “Plane Crazy.” It was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon
produced, but the third to be released, after sound was added, in 1929. “Steamboat Willie” was the first Mickey Mouse
cartoon to be theatrically released, on Nov. 18, 1928, which marks its 90th
anniversary this year. “The Library of
Congress is home to the nation’s largest collection of comic books, cartoon art
and related ephemera and we celebrate this generous donation to the American
people that greatly enhances our existing holdings,” said Librarian of Congress
Carla Hayden. Read more and see pictures
at https://www.infodocket.com/2018/05/30/library-of-congress-receives-largest-donation-of-comic-books-in-library-history-includes-the-original-storyboards-for-the-creation-of-mickey-mouse/
http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com Issue 1895
May 31, 2018
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