Based on the information
that is transported from the tongue to the brain, there
are thought to be at least five basic
qualities of taste. Many dishes are
made up of a combination of different tastes. Some dishes taste sweet-sour, for
example, while others are salty and savory.
The basic tastes are: Sweet
What we perceive as sweetness is usually caused by sugar and its derivatives such as fructose or lactose. But other types of substances can also
activate the sensory
cells that respond to
sweetness. These include, for example, some protein building blocks like amino acids,
and also alcohols in fruit juices or alcoholic drinks. Sour It is mostly acidic solutions like lemon
juice or organic acids that taste sour.
This sensation is caused by hydrogen ions, chemical symbol: H+, split
off by an acid dissolved in a watery solution.
Salty Food containing table salt is mainly what
we taste as salty. The chemical basis of
this taste is salt crystal, which consists of sodium and chloride. Mineral salts like the salts of potassium or magnesium can also cause a
sensation of saltiness. Bitter
Bitter taste is brought about by many fundamentally different
substances. In total there are about 35
different proteins in the sensory
cells that respond to bitter
substances. Savory The “umami” taste,
which is somewhat similar to the taste of a meat broth, is usually caused by
glutamic acid or aspartic acid. These
two amino acids are part of many different proteins found in food, and also in some
plants. Ripe tomatoes, meat and cheese
all contain a lot of glutamic acid.
Asparagus, for example, contains aspartic acid. Researchers are looking for other sensory
cells specialized for
sensations besides the five established basic tastes. There are thought to be more: Fatty People used to think that preference
for fatty foods was based solely on their smell and texture. Newer research suggests that there are
probably receptors specifically for fat. This would make fatty the sixth basic taste. It is caused by certain fatty acids that enzymes in the saliva split from fatty foods. A specific receptor has been discovered that responds to
linoleic acid, which is part of many triglycerides found in natural fats and oils such as sunflower oil, soya bean
oil or corn oil, for example. Research
is currently being done on these tastes:
Alkaline as in
brine, and the opposite of sour, Metallic, Water-like.
Oxymorons, Paradoxes, Paradigms and Parables by Sara Tusek
There’s something irresistible about an oxymoron. In a word or two, you put together two
seemingly contradictory ideas and come up with something new. One way to think of a paradox is that it’s a
stretched-out oxymoron. That is, the
paradox is a short phrase (group of words) that is seemingly
self-contradictory, while the oxymoron is just one or two words long. A parable is a brief, colorful story that
illustrates a principle, often a spiritual principle. http://www.ili.cc/images/11.07_Oxymorons.pdf NOTE that the author did not give a description
of a paradigm even though the word is in the title. A paradigm is an example or pattern of
something--a model.
Black Elk Peak (formerly Harney
Peak) is the highest natural point in South Dakota. It lies in the Black Elk Wilderness area, in southern Pennington County, in the Black Hills National Forest. The peak lies 3.7 mi
(6.0 km) WSW of Mount
Rushmore. At 7,242 feet
(2,207 m), it has been
described by the Board on Geographical Names as the highest summit in
the United
States east of the Rocky
Mountains. It is also known as Hinhan Kaga (in Lakota) and the federal government
has deemed it "Black Elk Peak".
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names,
which has jurisdiction in federal lands, officially changed the mountain's name
from "Harney Peak" to "Black Elk Peak" on August 11, 2016,
honoring the noted Lakota
Siouxmedicine man for
whom the Wilderness Area is named. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Elk_Peak See Sky Piercing Granite Spires on Needles
Mountain in South Dakota by Sing H. Lin with commentary and many pictures at http://www.shltrip.com/Needles_Mountains.html
There is no single
accepted definition of a Black Moon. The term has been commonly used to refer to
any of the following phenomena associated with the New Moon: (1) 2nd New Moon in a calendar month: These Black Moons are the most common ones,
and they occur about once every 29 months. Because of time zone differences,
the month they happen in can vary, like the Black Moon in September
2016 (US) or October
2016 (UK). (2) 3rd New Moon in a season
of 4 New Moons: These
Black Moons are a little rarer, and occur about once every 33 months. (3) A calendar month without a
New Moon: About once
every 20 years, the month of February does not have a New Moon. This can only happen in February, as this is
the only month which is shorter than 1 lunation. When this occurs, both January and March will have 2 New Moons, instead of the
usual 1 New Moon. The next Black Moon by
this definition will occur in 2033,
while the last one was in 2014. (4) A calendar month without a Full Moon: About once every 20 years, February does not
have a Full Moon. Instead, January and
March have 2 Full Moons each. The next
Black Moon by this definition will occur in 2018,
while the last one was in 1999. https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/black-moon.html
The grand opening of the new King
Road 23,000 square-foot branch of the Toledo-Lucas County Public Library located at 3900
King Road in Sylvania, Ohio is planned
for October 10, 2016 at 10 a.m. The $7.2
million building includes a pavilion, staff center, and a garage to house
vehicles for outreach services. A major
feature that sets it apart from other branches is a drive-through window that
allows customers to pick up materials they have reserved.
“The only thing that
you absolutely have to know, is the location of the library.” Albert Einstein
"Without libraries we have
no past and no future.” Ray Bradbury See ten quotes about libraries at https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/nov/14/love-letters-to-libraries-share-your-tribute-to-your-favourite
On
September 29, 2016 I visited the Rapid
City Public Library http://www.rcgov.org/departments/library.html,
browsing in music, poetry, newspapers, magazines and South Dakota history. I enjoyed a nice display featuring Happy Cat
Month. Then I selected The Finkler
Question from a case filled with free magazines, books and newsletters. The Finkler Question is a 2010 book written by British author
Howard Jacobson, the "first unashamedly comic novel" to win the Man Booker Prize.
A librarian was surprised when I mentioned that a city sign pointed to
the public library on the wrong street.
The sign pointed to the location of the former library.
David Budbill
died peacefully at his home in the early morning hours of September 25, 2016
with his wife of 50 years, Lois Eby, and his daughter, Nadine Wolf Budbill, by
his side. David was born in Cleveland,
Ohio in 1940 to a streetcar driver and a minister’s daughter.
He is the author of ten books of poems, seven plays,
two novels, a collection of short stories, two picture books for children, and
the libretto for an opera. During his
prolific career David performed his work in many venues—from schools and
prisons in Vermont to avant-garde performance spaces in New York City—often
with William Parker and other musical collaborators. Several new books of David’s will be published
posthumously, including his newest book of poems titled Tumbling Toward the End
(Copper Canyon Press) and a novel titled Broken Wing (Green Writers Press).
http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com Issue 1533
October 5, 2016 On this date in
1947, the first televised White House address was given by U.S.
President Harry S. Truman. On this date in 1970, the Public
Broadcasting Service (PBS)
was founded.
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