Friday, April 10, 2015

The four railroads in the Monopoly game are:  Reading Railroad (pronounced RED-ing, not REED-ing), Pennsylvania Railroad, B. & O. Railroad (did not serve Atlantic City), and Short Line (shortened form of Shore Fast Line).  http://monopoly.wikia.com/wiki/Railroads  
A different explanation for Short Line:  The Monopoly game's Short Line isn't named for a real-life railroad.  Although the game's inventor is reputed to have had a small inter-urban tram line in mind when he named the game property, the term short line applies to any independent railroad with track covering a short distance or small region.  While many such railroads have been bought by larger concerns or simply gone out of business, they are far from extinct.  Today the non-profit American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association (ASLRRA) has over 400 member railroads which together operate 29% of the railroad tracks in America.  http://modeltrains.about.com/od/railroads/tp/monopoly_railroads.htm

Since the early 19th century we have used 'read the riot act' as a figurative phrase to describe attempts to calm groups of rowdies.  Had we been 'reading the riot act' in 1715 we would have noticed capital letters.  At that date there was a real Riot Act and it used to be read in public.  In English law the control of unruly citizens has usually been the responsibility of local magistrates.  Any group of twelve or more that the authorities didn't like the look of could be deemed a 'riotous and tumultuous assembly' and arrested if they didn't disperse within an hour of the Riot Act being read to them by a magistrate.  This seems a little harsh, but in 18th century England the government was fearful of Jacobite mobs who threatened to rise up and overthrow the Hanoverian George I.  The fear was well-founded, as supporters of the deposed Stuarts did actually invade in 1715 and again in 1745.  The 'Riot Act' was passed by the British government in 1714 and came into force in 1715.  http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/read-the-riot-act.html

English, like more than 400 other languages, is part of the Indo-European language family, sharing common roots not just with German and French but with Russian, Hindi, Punjabi, and Persian.  See 25 maps and charts that explain how English got started and evolved into the differently accented languages spoken today at

“Refried” is a misnomer.  Refritos means “well fried”, not “refried”, though you can certainly reheat the beans as you go through a batch.  Before frying them though you’ll need to cook them, in water, to soften them.  Elise Bauer  Find a recipe using pinto beans at http://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/refried_beans/

Underneath Grand Central Terminal, there are secret networks of underground tracks, steam-pipe tunnels, and storage areas.  Hidden in these underground depths is a train platform with a secret entrance and an elevator straight up to the Waldorf-Astoria hotel.  President Franklin D. Roosevelt reportedly used this as his private entry into New York City – a way to get from his train to the hotel without being bothered by reporters.  Unfortunately, you can’t currently see this secret passage for yourself.  The door to the secret elevator is welded shut.  The ceiling over the Main Concourse, with its famous mural of the stars, is one of Grand Central Terminal’s most famous features.  However, eagle-eyed visitors will notice that the zodiac on the ceiling is depicted backwards.  Some have speculated that this was a mistake by the artist, Paul Helleu.  The real reason, according to official documents, is that the painter was inspired by a medieval manuscript that showed the heavens as they would have been seen from outside the celestial sphere.  The famous ceiling has another, more recent, secret.  If you look carefully, you will see a patch of dark on the carefully-restored blue of the mural.  This patch shows the color of the ceiling before restoration. It was left as a reminder of how much work was done.  http://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/a/secretgrandcent.htm

The Biltmore Hotel opened as part of Grand Central's Terminal City in 1913.  Architectural firm Warren and Wetmore designed the hotel, which had its own arrival corridor within Grand Central.  There was also a private elevator that went directly to the Presidential Suite.  Italian gardens decorated the rooftop between the north and south towers, and in the winter, the gardens were converted into an ice skating rink.  In the 1980s, its owner gutted and stripped the hotel to its steel skeleton, even though it was landmarked.  It was rebuilt as the bland 28-story 335 Madison Avenue, formerly known as the Bank of America Plaza.  Jessica Dailey  See pictures of the Biltmore and nine other "grandest forgotten"  New York City hotels at http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2013/06/26/remembering_nycs_grandest_forgotten_hotels_in_photos.php

Mar. 25, 2015  Releasing a first-of-its-kind survey that shows Louisville, Kentucky is losing 54,000 trees a year, Mayor Greg Fischer called for public input to help reverse the trend.  The year-long study shows that the city’s tree canopy has declined from 40 percent to 37 percent in eight years—the result of insect damage, ice storms, trees not being replaced and many other factors.  Fischer said citizen input will be combined with the results of the city’s ongoing Urban Heat Island study, which will help complement the canopy study and provide further data on the tree canopy decline.  That will lead to a citywide tree strategy and a citywide annual tree planting goal that will be announced later this fall -- in time for the peak planting season.  A depleted tree canopy leads to higher energy bills for businesses and homes, and makes the city physically hotter, which exacerbates health issues especially for the sick and elderly.  Fischer said it also makes Louisville less desirable compared to cities with greater canopies – and it affects property values.  The canopy study concludes that trees in Louisville provide $330 million in services each year to our community, including costs avoided by keeping water out of the sewers as well as removing carbon dioxide from the air.  Fischer also announced the creation of a new, non-profit group, Trees Louisville.  The new entity, which is being funded by local philanthropist Henry Heuser, will be dedicated to raising money to plant and maintain trees -- and engaging the public in encouraging tree plantings.  Fischer said there are many things citizens can do today to help, including planting a tree then reporting it on Brightside’s tree tracker count.  He also urged people to organize tree plantings for the annual Give A Day week of service, which is April 18-26.  http://louisvilleky.gov/news/study-shows-city-losing-54000-trees-yearly-mayor-seeks-public-input-reverse-decline

The U.S. Postal Service unveiled a forever stamp honoring famed author Maya Angelou on April 7, 2015.  One problem:  The quote on the stamp, “A bird doesn’t sing because it has an answer, it sings because it has a song,” though widely attributed to Angelou, is not hers.  The Washington Post reported it actually comes from Joan Walsh Anglund’s book of poems A Cup of Sun.  “Had we known about this issue beforehand, we would have used one of (Angelou’s) many other works.   ... The sentence held great meaning for her and she is publicly identified with its popularity,” Postal Service spokesman Mark Saunders said in statement to the Post.  Jessica Wehrman 
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2015/04/07/misquote-on-stamp-will-be-forever.html  “Yes, that’s my quote,” Anglund said from her Connecticut home.  It appears on page 15 of her book of poems “A Cup of Sun,” published in 1967.  Only the pronouns and punctuation are changed, from “he” in Anglund’s original to “it” on the stamp.  http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/book-author-joan-walsh-anglund-claims-angelou-quote-on-stamp/2015/04/06/62d31934-dcc8-11e4-acfe-cd057abefa9a_story.html  The Muser plans to borrow Anglund's book of poems from the public library.

Q. from one alligator to another:  Do you think golfers are easy to digest?  A.  They have a whole magazine about it.  Mother Goose and Grim comic strip  April 10, 2015


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1282  April 10, 2015  On this date in 1606, the Virginia Company of London was established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.  On this date in 1710, the Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, came into force in Great Britain.

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