Wednesday, February 11, 2015

The Century of Progress Architectural District, a part of the eastern unit of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, is an historic district on Lake Front Drive in Beverly Shores, Porter County, Indiana.  The district comprises five buildings, all from the Homes of Tomorrow Exhibition during the1933 Century of Progress World's Fair which took place in Chicago.  Intended to display the future of housing, the Century of Progress Homes reflect a variety of designs, experimental materials and new technologies.  On June 30, 1986, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places   See pictures and descriptions of the five houses at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_of_Progress_Architectural_District

The Chicago World's Fair was held on 427 acres (much of it landfill) on Lake Michigan, immediately south of Chicago's downtown area, from 12th Street to 39th Street (now Pershing Road).  Today, Meigs Field and McCormick Place occupy this site.  A Century of Progress officially opened on May 27, 1933 and closed on November 12 of that year.  Although originally planned for the 1933 season only, it was extended for another year, reopening on May 26, 1934, and closing on October 31, 1934.  This extension was due in part to the fair's public popularity, but mainly as an effort to earn sufficient income to retire its debts.  http://www.chicagohs.org/history/century.html

The word 'doily' is an eponym, named after a certain Mr Doiley, Doyly or Doyley, who kept a draper's shop in the Strand, according to one of the citations in the Oxford English Dictionary.  Draper is another word not heard very often these days, but a draper is someone who sells cloth.  Originally doily meant a type of cloth; as the OED puts it:  "The name of a woollen stuff, ‘at once cheap and genteel’, introduced for summer wear in the latter part of the 17th century".  What we now call a doily, started off with the name 'doily-napkin'; in the 18th century it was spelt with a capital D.  The material was lacy and had holes in it so that the good-quality of the wooden table under the doily was visible to guests.  When, in the 20th century (the heyday was the 1950s), doilies began to be mass-produced out of paper, the holey pattern was retained.

Back in 1964 a pair of Australian scientists, Isabel Joy Bear and R. G. Thomas, began the scientific study of rain’s aroma in earnest with an article in Nature titled “Nature of Agrillaceous Odor.”  In it, they coined the term petrichor to help explain the phenomenon, combining a pair of Greek roots:  petra (stone) and ichor (the blood of gods in ancient myth).  In that study and subsequent research, they determined that one of the main causes of this distinctive smell is a blend of oils secreted by some plants during arid periods.  When a rainstorm comes after a drought, compounds from the oils—which accumulate over time in dry rocks and soil—are mixed and released into the air.  The duo also observed that the oils inhibit seed germination, and speculated that plants produce them to limit competition for scarce water supplies during dry times.  These airborne oils combine with other compounds to produce the smell.  In moist, forested areas in particular, a common substance is geosmin, a chemical produced by a soil-dwelling bacteria known as actinomycetes.  The bacteria secrete the compound when they produce spores, then the force of rain landing on the ground sends these spores up into the air, and the moist air conveys the chemical into our noses.  Joseph Stromberg  http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-makes-rain-smell-so-good-13806085/?no-ist  Thank you, Muse reader.

Parcel has come to us via Old French from the post-classical Latin particella, a part or portion.  That makes part and parcel a tautology, since both words in effect mean the same thing.  English loves this kind of doublet:  nooks and crannies, hale and hearty, safe and sound, rack and ruin, dribs and drabs.  Many derive from the ancient legal practice of including words of closely similar meaning to make sure that the sense covers all eventualities:  aid and abet, fit and proper, all and sundryhttp://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-par3.htm

Ernest William Hornung (1866–1921) was an English author and poet known for writing the A. J. Raffles series of stories about a gentleman thief in late 19th-century London.  Hornung was educated at Uppingham School; as a result of poor health he left the school in December 1883 to travel to Sydney, where he stayed for two years.  He drew on his Australian experiences as a background when he began writing, initially short stories and later novels.  In 1898 he wrote "In the Chains of Crime", which introduced Raffles and his sidekick, Bunny Manders; the characters were based partly on his friends Oscar Wilde and his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, and also on Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.  Aside from his Raffles stories, Hornung was a prodigious writer of fiction, publishing numerous books from 1890, with A Bride from the Bush to his 1914 novel The Crime Doctor.  Read more and see pictures at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._W._Hornung

One of the most influential of all Italian Renaissance buildings is perhaps the most diminutive and discreetly located.  On Rome’s Janiculum Hill, in the courtyard of the monastery of S. Pietro in Montorio, is a tiny domed structure, popularly known as the Tempietto (Italian for small  temple).  Dating from ca. 1502, it was commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to mark the traditional site of St. Peter’s crucifixion.  The design of its architect, Donato Bramante (1444-1514), consists of a dome supported on a two-tier drum, the bottom portion of which is encircled by a Doric peristyle topped by a balustrade.  This composition, which may have been inspired by the ancient tholos form, has served as the prototype for countless monumental domes throughout the Western World.  The Tempietto is also noteworthy as one of the few buildings of the Renaissance to achieve published approbation by contemporary architects.  Sabastiano Serlio (1475-1554) considered the Tempietto important enough to include a plan, elevation, and section in his famous treatise L’Architettura, published in installments beginning in 1537.  It was Andrea Palladio who recognized the true ingenuity of the design.  In Book IV of Quattro Libri (1570), the section where Palladio presented his restoration drawings of ancient temples, we find a plan and elevation of the Tempietto.  Calder Loft  Find pictures of domes around the world, including the U.S. Capitol, inspired by the Tempietto at http://blog.classicist.org/?p=5723

Probably America’s earliest example of the application of full pedimented portico to a domestic work is Whitehall, near Annapolis.  Built in the 1760s for Governor Horatio Sharp, the mansion’s central section is fronted by a finely executed tetrastyle portico employing the
Corinthian order.  Whitehall was followed by James Madison’s Montpelier, in Orange County, Virginia.  Here, in the 1790s, Madison enlarged his father’s colonial house and added a Tuscan portico to signal his growing importance as a statesman.  Montpelier’s was one of the first truly monumental pedimented porticos to embellish an American house.  This expression of the Palladian ideal was suggested here by Madison’s friend Thomas Jefferson.  Calder Loft  See pictures of buildings in Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia at https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/32824/PalladioAmerica_FINAL.pdf

When Will You Marry? (Tahitian: Nafea faa ipoipo?) is an oil painting from 1892 by the French Post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin.  On loan to the Kunstmuseum in Basel, Switzerland for nearly a half-century, it was sold privately by the family of Rudolf Staechelin to an unknown buyer, reportedly to Qatar Museums, in February 2015 for close to $300 million, the highest price ever paid for a work of art.  See graphics at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_Will_You_Marry%3F


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1255  February 11, 2015  On this date in 1812, Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry "gerrymandered" for the first time.  On this date in 1938, BBC Television produced the world's first ever science fiction television program, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Čapek play R.U.R., that coined the term "robot".

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