cockle
A bivalve shellfish,
with ribbed, grey to brown, pink
or even dark blue,
almost circular shell
from 2.5 to 10 cm diameter found on most sea coasts and with over 200 varieties
worldwide.
Publishing--a bump or wrinkle on the edge of a sheet of paper
caused by damp.
The cockle is related etymologically to another mollusc, the conch:
they both began life in Greek kónkhē
– which meant ‘mussel’ as well as ‘conch’. From this was formed the
diminutive konkhúlion ‘small variety of conch’ – hence ‘cockle’. The Greek word
subsequently became reduced to kokhúlion, whose plural passed into
medieval Latin as *cochilia. next in the chain was Old
French coquille, source of
the English word. The origin of the phrase cockles
of one’s heart (first recorded in the mid 17th century)
are not clear: some have claimed that the heart resembles a
cockle shell, or more specifically that the fibres of the heart muscle spiral like the lines on
a cockle shell, while others note a supposed
resemblance of cockle to corculum, a Latin diminutive of cor
‘heart’, and others again point out that the
scientific name for the cockle is Cardium, from Greek kardíā
‘heart’, but none of these explanations really
carries conviction.
A cottage is, typically, a small house. The word comes from England where it
originally was a house that has a ground floor, with a first, lower storey of
bedrooms which fit within the roofspace. In many places
the word cottage is used to mean a small old-fashioned house. In modern usage, a cottage is usually a
modest, often cosy dwelling, typically in a rural or
semi-rural location. In the United
Kingdom the term cottage denotes small rural dwellings of traditional
build, although it can also be applied to dwellings of modern construction
which are designed to resemble traditional ones ("mock
cottages"). Originally in the Middle Ages,
cottages housed agricultural workers and their friends and families. The term cottage denoted the dwelling
of a cotter. Thus, cottages
were smaller peasant units (larger peasant units being called messuages).
In that early period, a documentary
reference to a cottage would most often mean, not a small stand-alone dwelling
as today, but a complete farmhouse and yard (albeit a small one). Thus, in the Middle Ages, the word cottage
(MLat
cotagium) denoted not just a dwelling, but included at least a dwelling
(domus) and a barn (grangia), as well as, usually, a fenced yard
or piece of land enclosed by a gate (portum). The word is probably a blend of Old English
cot, cote "hut" and Old French
cot "hut, cottage", from Old Norse kot
"hut" and related to Middle
Low German kotten (cottage, hut) .
In England and Wales the legal definition of a cottage is a small house
or habitation without land. However,
originally under an Elizabethan statute, the cottage had
to be built with at least 4 acres (0.02 km2; 0.01 sq mi) of land. Traditionally the owner of the cottage and
small holding would be known as a cottager. In the Domesday
Book they were referred to as Coterelli. In Welsh
a cottage is known as bwthyn and its inhabitant preswlydd. In Scotland and parts of Northern England the
equivalent to cottager would be the crofter and the
term for the building and its land would be croft. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottage#Notable_cottages
Read Conch Cottage Revival (Carey and Jane Winfrey, self-professed old-house
people, take a rickety Key West home from the 19th century into the 21st) by Jeff Book at http://www.coastalliving.com/homes/decorating/conch-cottage-revival-00400000000930/
July 2, 1993 Cottages Whether They Are Located In New
England Or Key West, These Small, One-story Houses Evoke A Simpler Lifestyle In
Which Unmatched Furniture Is Chic by Charlyne Varkonyi Mary Emmerling`s American Country Cottages is small--a 7 1/2-by- 8-inch coffee-table book. The fascinating collection of 23 cottages,
shown in 325 color photographs, was a collaboration of friends and antiques
dealers who sent Emmerling photographs of potential candidates. They fit all categories -- lakeside to ocean
view, upscale to downhome, Mediterranean
to saltbox. Emmerling, who owned a conch
cottage in Key West for a decade, says the difference between a cottage in Key
West and one in New England has to do with approaches to color, light and air. The patchwork quilts and the pine furniture in
New England translate into mosquito netting and bright white furnishings in Key
West. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1993-07-02/features/9301220009_1_cottages-coffee-table-mary-emmerling
Glee is a TV
series featuring students attending or graduated from the fictional William
McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio.
There is an actual school in Honolulu called President
William McKinley High School, and usually
referred to as McKinley High
School.
Shmoop is a digital publishing company. Find
links to online test prep guides, literature guides, learning guides and Shmoop
Tube at http://www.shmoop.com/
In its natural habitat of Central America, the poinsettia is a stiff, open shrub that can
easily reach a height of 10 feet, blooming sporadically between November and
March. Like other members of the Spurge
family (Euphorbiaceae), including Crown of Thorns, Castor bean, true Rubber trees and Cassava
(from which we get tapioca), the poinsettia contains milky latex that discourages
plant-eating animals. The poinsettia has
come a long way since Joel Poinsett, the first United States ambassador to
Mexico, introduced it into our country in 1825. Plant breeders have produced a plant that is
significantly better suited to the indoors in comparison to the original types.
The poinsettia stays in “bloom” so long
because the showy “flowers” are not really flowers at all, but are modified
leaves called bracts found just below the small, inconspicuous yellow flowers. Leaves are more long-lived than flowers, and
can persist on the plant for many months. http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-ombrello/pow/poinsettia.htm
Smithson Tennant FRS (1761-1815) was an English chemist. Tennant is best known for his discovery of the elements iridium and osmium, which he found in the residues from the solution of platinum ores in 1803. He also contributed to the proof of the identity of diamond and charcoal. The mineral tennantite is named after him. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithson_Tennant
January 8, 2014 According to e-mails
released under a Freedom of Information Act request by the Bergen Record and
just now published, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s top deputies shut down
lanes on the George Washington Bridge to retaliate against the Democratic mayor
of Fort Lee who had declined to endorse Christie’s reelection bid. “Time for some traffic problems in Fort Lee,”
Bridget Anne Kelly, one of Christie’s deputies, wrote to David Wildstein, a top Christie
appointee at the Port Authority, on Aug. 14. “Got it,” was his reply. What resulted was a week of traffic jams that
held up emergency vehicles, buses filled with school children, and thousands of
innocent commuters. http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-08/fort-lee-bridge-closing-scandal-shatters-chris-christies-nice-guy-image-imperils-his-presidential-campaign
http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com Issue 1095
January 10, 2014 On this day in 49 BC, Julius
Caesar crossed the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
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