The National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA) holds the records of the United States
Federal Government . For NARA, a “record” is any type of document (textual,
electronic, or audiovisual) created or received by the Executive, Legislative,
or Judicial branches of government. These
records capture information about how the government interacts with itself and
its citizens. Some records are very
personal, like census schedules that describe where people lived and worked,
while others illustrate how the government works, like a memo to the President
discussing a policy decision. Latest
figures estimate that NARA currently holds 21.5 million cubic feet of textual
records. Unfortunately, NARA cannot keep
all of its records at one location (and, because the government generates such
huge quantities of records, they are not able to keep all of them either). NARA has facilities across the country that
store governmental records: two large facilities in Washington, DC; Regional Archives; Federal Records Centers;
and Presidential
Libraries. Each facility holds a
unique body of records, but they are all part of the NARA network. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that the papers, books, and memorabilia from his
Administration were part of the heritage of the United States and as such
should be preserved and made available to the public. In December 1938, President Roosevelt
announced plans to build a new facility – a Presidential Library – on his
estate in Hyde Park, New York. Roosevelt
raised the money to build the Library, and then donated the building to NARA. Following Roosevelt’s example, twelve other
Presidents have established Libraries to hold and make their Presidential
records and artifacts publicly available. Because Presidents build their Libraries
themselves, they can choose the location of their facility – and Presidents
have chosen sites all across the country. The process for providing a Presidential
Library to NARA was formalized through the Presidential Libraries Act of 1955,
which was amended in 1986. Not all Presidential records, however, are
immediately available for research. Each
Library follows laws and regulations that govern specifically when and how
certain records are made available. The
Herbert Hoover through Jimmy Carter Presidential Libraries follow a deed of
gift model, where the former President determines access to certain records. Prior to the passage of the 1978 Presidential Records Act (PRA), Presidential materials
were seen as the property of the President, so NARA gained possession only
through a deed from the President that contained guidance on access. From the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
forward, the PRA changed the fundamental disposition of Presidential materials,
stating that any records created or received by the President as part of his
constitutional, statutory, or ceremonial duties belong to the people, and
therefore automatically come to NARA at the end of the administration. Under this law, however, the former President
still retains privileges, including special access, the right to review
materials slated for opening, and the ability to restrict access to certain
categories of information for up to twelve years after he has left office. The PRA stipulates that records are closed for
five years after the end of an administration, but after that time, are
accessible through the Freedom
of Information Act. During that
initial five years, the records can be accessed only by the current President,
the former President, the Congress, and the courts, under the special access
terms of the PRA. For the archivists,
the PRA provides guidance on restrictions that must be applied to the materials
to protect matters, such as personal privacy and national security. It should be noted that Libraries covered by
the PRA still have materials that are deeded. The President may deed over to NARA personal
materials, such as pre and post-Presidential papers and political materials. Therefore, materials at Presidential
Libraries are covered either by a deed of gift or by the PRA. The Richard Nixon Presidential Library is an
exception, as it is governed by the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act of 1974.
Presidential
libraries serve as official cultural repositories for the legacies of their
namesake commanders in chief. More than
200 years after his death, it's hard to believe that the country's first
president, George Washington, still lacks a library
devoted to his remarkable life. Mount
Vernon, the Virginia home of Washington, has spent the last several years
raising $100 million to construct an official library on its scenic grounds. Organizers
announced an opening date of Sept. 27, 2013.
The library's website states that it will be the only presidential
library built and maintained without government funding. The 45,000-square-foot building will provide
access to books, manuscripts and other archival material from Mount
Vernon. Visiting scholars will have the
option of staying at a 6,000-square-foot residence next to the library. The full title of the library will be the Fred
W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington. The George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
is set to open its doors May 1, 2013 at its location at Southern Methodist
University in Texas.
http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-george-washington-mount-vernon-20130217,0,3712109.story
Seventy-one murals were installed in post offices throughout Ohio, nineteen of which were
done in the Cleveland vicinity. Art
created for Post Offices in Girard, Medina, and Willoughby are either destroyed
or missing. See list of Works of Art for Post Offices in the
Cleveland Area
Commissioned by New Deal Art Programs at:
Commissioned by New Deal Art Programs at:
Throughout the United States—on post office walls large and small—are scenes
reflecting America's history and way of life. Post offices built in the 1930s during
Roosevelt's New Deal were decorated with enduring images of the "American
scene." In the 1930s, as America
continued to struggle with the effects of the depression, the federal
government searched for solutions to provide work for all Americans, including
artists. During this time
government-created agencies supported the arts in unprecedented ways. As Harry Hopkins, Roosevelt's relief
administrator said in response to criticism of federal support for the arts,
"[artists] have got to eat just like other people." Often mistaken for WPA art, post office murals
were actually executed by artists working for the Section of Fine Arts. Commonly known as "the Section," it
was established in 1934 and administered by the Procurement Division of the
Treasury Department. http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/resources/6a2q_postalmurals.html
The National Postal Museum Library is one of twenty specialized libraries in the
Smithsonian Institution Libraries system.
The National Philatelic Collection was the basis of the Library when it
was established in 1993. Now, with more
than 40,000 books, journals, catalogues and archival documents, the National
Postal Museum Library is among the world's largest postal history and
philatelic research facilities.
See
description of collection at: http://library.si.edu/libraries/postal-museum
The Other Side,
an alcohol-free bar in Crystal Lake, Illinois to open April 27, 2013
New Directions Addiction
Recovery Services and The Other Side is a nonprofit organization, registered as
a 501(c)3, dedicated to helping people in the McHenry County and Chicagoland
area. The Other Side is the first step
in establishing a series of programs to address the needs of young people in
these areas. At The Other Side, there
are several forms of entertainment available throughout the week, including
events that are hosted on a monthly basis. There are also several lounge areas used for
casual gatherings on the weekends. Games
include a pool table, ping-pong table, bag toss set, darts, and video games
that are available during operating hours.
In
an epic clash between old and new media, Google Inc.'s video
website YouTube has scored another huge victory in the long-running
skirmish over copyright infringement brought by television giant Viacom Inc. A federal
judge in New York on April 18, 2013 ruled that YouTube had not violated
Viacom's copyright even though users of the popular online site were allowed to
post unauthorized video clips from some of Viacom's most popular shows,
including Comedy Central's "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart"
and Nickelodeon's "SpongeBob
SquarePants." Viacom filed the copyright infringement suit in
2007 and demanded that YouTube pay $1 billion in damages. The dispute erupted as established media
titans, including Viacom, were struggling to cope with the disruption of
digital media and trying to figure out how to rein in the unauthorized
distribution of their content. This is
the second time that arguments of Viacom, which is controlled by media mogul Sumner Redstone, have been rejected. In 2010, Stanton ruled against Viacom in
favor of YouTube in the case, and Viacom appealed. A year ago, an appeals court
panel revived the case. That group of judges said the safe-harbor provision
protected Internet services companies from liability if they lacked specific
knowledge that a piece of infringing material existed -- or if they acted
quickly to remove the material once notified.
The case was sent back to Stanton. Viacom argued that it was impossible
to prove that YouTube had specific knowledge that certain clips were protected. But Stanton determined that the sheer volume
of content uploaded onto YouTube made it impractical for the video site to know
when an infringing clip appeared. The
burden, the judge said, fell to Viacom to alert YouTube when unauthorized uses
of its copyrighted material popped up on the site. On April 18, Viacom vowed to appeal once
again. Meg James http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-youtube-prevails-copyright-suit-viacom-20130418,0,5832848.story
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