Grammarians have been fretting about the lack of a gender-neutral, or epicene, third-person singular pronoun
since the late eighteenth century. Some
of the solutions include an expanded use of one (a critic in 1884 offered the example "Every man and
woman is the architect of one's own fortune"), an alternation between
generic he and generic she, an expanded use of it ("The applicant signed its
name"), and the singular use of they.
In place of these, many people have attempted to create a brand-new
third-person singular epicene pronoun. The earliest such example may have been in
John Wilkins's Philosophical Language
of 1668, but Wilkins's usage is not clear; the earliest clear coinage of an
epicene pronoun was by Denis Diderot, in his brief sketch of an artificial
language called Langue Nouvelle
in his Encyclopédie (1751). (Modern artificial languages, such as
Esperanto, also have epicene pronouns.) The
real heyday for the artificial epicene pronoun was the late nineteenth century.
The most widely publicized was thon (possessive thons), coined in 1884 by Charles
Converse, an American lawyer; this made its way into several dictionaries. Some other suggestions from the period were en; he, hes, hem; hiser, himer;
ir, iro, im; and thir, thiro, thim (plural), and e, es, em. A smattering of coinages appeared in the early
twentieth century (ha, hez, hem;
she, shis, shim; se, sim, sis, etc.), but the real
explosion of suggestions began around 1970, with the rise of the modern
feminist movement. Some of the very many
words from this period include tey,
term, tem; ze, zim, zees,
zeeself; ne, nis, ner; en, es, ar; po, xe, jhe; and et, ets,
etself. Though some of these
words have been used by partisans, it goes without saying that none of them has
ever developed a true currency. Many
people feel that English does need an epicene pronoun, but many others feel
that we're doing fine without one, or that some of the other solutions (the
coordinate he or she, the
singular they, a rewriting of
sentences) suffice. http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19980812
Size comparisons of selected countries from The
World Factbook
Monaco: 2 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.htmlHoly See (Vatican City): 0.44 sq km https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html
Size comparisons of selected places from U.S. Census Bureau
San Francisco 46.87 sq mi
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0667000.htmlNew York County (Manhattan) 22.83 sq mi http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36061.html
Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, is a large urban park consisting of 1,017 acres (412 ha) of public grounds. With 13 million visitors annually, Golden Gate is the fifth most-visited city park in the United States after Central Park in New York City, Lincoln Park in Chicago, and Mission Bay and Balboa parks in San Diego. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Park
The hectare (symbol ha) is a metric unit
of area defined as
10,000 square
metres (100 m by 100 m), and primarily used in the measurement of land n
1795, when the metric system was introduced, the 'are' was defined as 100
square metres and
the hectare ('hecto-'
+ 'are') was thus 100 'ares' or 1/100 km2. A hectare of land is about 2.471 acres. See comparison of area units at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare
Central Park (in Manhattan) constitutes its own United States census tract, number 143. The park, which receives approximately thirty-five million visitors annually, is the most visited urban park in the United States. It was opened on 770 acres (3.1 km2) of city-owned land and was expanded to 843 acres (3.41 km2; 1.317 sq mi). It is 2.5 miles (4 km) long between 59th Street (Central Park South) and 110th Street (Central Park North), and is 0.5 miles (0.8 km) wide between Fifth Avenue and Central Park West. Central Park is the most filmed location in the world. Over 305 films have been shot within the park. Read much more and see images at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park
Traditionally, amuse-bouche were tiny, bite-sized treats sent out by the chef to whet diners' appetites for the meal to follow. Unlike appetizers, diners don't get to choose their amuse-bouche from the menu. They're pleasantly surprised with whatever the chef prepares for them.
Amuse-bouche can be as
simple as a bowl of olives or freshly baked artisanal bread served with extra
virgin olive oil for dipping, but they're often extravagant concoctions of
foams, mousses, and gelées from talented chefs. Literally translated, amuse-bouche means
"happy mouth." Link to recipes
for ten small treats at: http://www.fabulousfoods.com/articles/28939/10-simple-amuse-bouche-recipes
Amuse-bouche
pronunciation in French: http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=amuse-bouche&submit=Submit Amuse-bouche pronunciation in English: http://www.pronouncehow.com/english/amuse-bouche_pronunciation
A federal judge has declared a unique website enabling the online sale of
pre-owned digital music files unlawful. The
first sale defense is limited to material items, like records, that the
copyright owner put into the stream of commerce," ruled U.S. District
Judge Richard Sullivan. This is bad news for ReDigi, which launched in
October, 2011 with a bold idea: If the
"first sale" doctrine in copyright law permits the re-selling of
acquired copyrighted material, let's create an online market for
"used" digital music. Judge
Sullivan's ruling has, for now, dampened the idea of reselling of digital
goods. If it holds up, the ruling could
mean digital sales venues would have to get the permission of right holders. See the 18-page case, Capitol Records, LLC v.
ReDigi, Inc., Case 1:12-cv-00095-RJS Document 109, filed 03/30/13, at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/133505452/You-Can-t-Resell-Music-Bought-on-iTunes-Federal-Judge-Rules
April 2 events
from Wikipedia
1513 – Spanish
explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is
now Florida.1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint.
1900 – The United States Congress passes the Foraker Act, giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule.
1902 – "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles, California.
1973 – The LEXIS computer-assisted legal research service launched as a continuation of an experiment organized by the Ohio State Bar in 1967.
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