Indirect and direct object examples, grammar rules

In the English language verbs can often be followed by two different types of objects.

I sent Mary some flowers.  I sent some flowers to Mary.
These two sentences contain both kinds of objects.  Flowers are the direct object.  It refers to what I sent.  Mary is the indirect object.  It refers to whom I sent it.
See more information at:  http://www.e-grammar.org/direct-indirect-object/

New France (French: Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.  At its peak in 1712 (before the Treaty of Utrecht), the territory of New France extended from Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.  The territory was then divided into five colonies, each with its own administration:  Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, Newfoundland (Plaisance), and Louisiana.  The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in the relinquishing of French claims to mainland Acadia, the Hudson Bay and Newfoundland, and the establishment of the colony of Île Royale (Cape Breton Island) as the successor to Acadia.  France ceded the rest of New France, except the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, to Great Britain and Spain at the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Seven Years War (the French and Indian War).  Britain received the lands east of the Mississippi River, including Canada, Acadia, and parts of Louisiana, while Spain received the territory to the west – the larger portion of Louisiana.  Spain returned its portion of Louisiana to France in 1800 under the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso, but French leader Napoleon Bonaparte sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, permanently ending French colonial efforts on the North American mainland.  The only remnant of the former colonial territory of New France that remains under French control to this day is the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon), consisting of a group of small islands 25 kilometres (13 nmi; 15 mi) off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.  Read much more and see maps at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France

New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.  New England is bordered by New York state to the west, Quebec to the north, and New Brunswick and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.  In one of the earliest English settlements in North America, Pilgrims from England first settled in New England in 1620, to form Plymouth Colony.  Ten years later, the Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony.  Some of the first movements of American literature, philosophy, and education originated in New England.  The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery, and was the first region of the United States to be transformed by the Industrial Revolution.  New England is the only one of the United States Census Bureau's nine regional divisions whose name does not derive from its geography, and it is the only multi-state region with clear, consistent boundaries.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England

New Hampshire  Early historians record that in 1623, under the authority of an English land-grant, Captain John Mason, in conjunction with several others, sent David Thomson, a Scotsman, and Edward and Thomas Hilton, fish-merchants of London, with a number of other people in two divisions to establish a fishing colony in what is now New Hampshire, at the mouth of the Piscataqua River.  Nine years before that Captain John Smith of England and later of Virginia, sailied along the New England coast.  So it remained until the "War of the Revolution."  Smith first named it "North Virginia" but King James later revised this into "New England."  To the map was added the name Portsmouth, taken from the English town where Captain John Mason was commander of the fort, and the name New Hampshire is that of his own English county of Hampshire.  http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/history.html

New Jersey was named for the Channel Island of Jersey in honor of Sir George Carteret (one of the two men to whom the land was originally given).  http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/New_Jersey/NewJerseyName.html

New Mexico was named by the Spanish for lands north of the Rio Grande River (the upper region of the Rio Grande was called Nuevo Mexico as early as 1561).  The name was anglicized and applied to the land ceded to the United States by Mexico after the Mexican American War.  Mexico is an Aztec word meaning "place of Mexitli" (an Aztec god).  http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/New_Mexico/NewMexicoNameOrigin.html 

New York was named after the English Duke of York and Albany (and the brother of England's King Charles II) in 1664 when the region called New Amsterdam was taken from the Dutch.  http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/New_York/name_origin.html 

Traces of a common psychiatric medication that winds up in rivers and streams may affect fish behavior and feeding patterns, according to a study in the journal Science.  Researchers in Sweden exposed wild European perch to water with different concentrations of Oxazepam, an anti-anxiety medication that can show up in waterways after being flushed, excreted or discarded.  Researchers reported that fish exposed to Oxazepam became less social, more active and ate faster, behaviors they said could have long-term consequences for aquatic ecosystems.  Scientists who study pharmaceuticals in waterways said the research was intriguing because it examined the potential effect on animals of a specific medication intended to affect human behavior.    The study joins a small but growing body of research exploring the possible environmental impact of chemicals in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other products. Many of these chemicals are not removed by wastewater treatment plants, which are intended to remove bacteria and nutrients, experts said.  The topic is difficult to study partly because concentrations of chemicals in waterways can vary with season, hour and distance from treatment plants, and other medications in water may influence a chemical’s effects.  The United States Geological Survey has found “intersex fish,” or male fish that develop female sexual characteristics, in the Potomac River and its tributaries, raising questions about whether hormone residues might be responsible.  A study in the journal Environmental Science and Technology found antidepressants like Prozac and Zoloft in the brains of fish collected downstream from wastewater discharge in Colorado and Iowa.   Pam Belluck  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/science/traces-of-anxiety-drug-may-affect-fish-behavior-study-shows.html?_r=0 

Pam Belluck, an American journalist and author, is a health and science writer for The New York Times.  Belluck has been a staff writer for The Times since 1995, writing about topics as varied as floating islands, Alzheimer's disease, cattle rustling, and the effect of music on the brain.  She joined the science and health staff of The Times in 2009 after more than a decade as a national correspondent leading the paper's Midwest and New England bureaus.  Belluck is the author of the non-fiction book Island Practice, about Dr. Timothy Lepore, a surgeon on Nantucket, published in June 2012 by PublicAffairs.  In July 2012, Imagine Entertainment optioned the book to develop a TV series with 20th Century Fox Television, and in August 2012 the medical drama was bought by CBS.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Belluck