Friday, September 7, 2012

Gothic literature flourished in nineteenth century Europe, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde quite clearly falls into this category.  The first English Gothic novel was Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1765), which was very popular and quickly imitated.  Readers were fascinated by its suspense, use of the supernatural, and medieval influences.  Soon, through the influence of Walpole's successful book, Gothic literature became a genre, which takes its name from Otranto's medieval, or Gothic, setting.  Early Gothic novels were generally set in the Middle Ages and in remote locations.  Later Gothic works branched out from these restrictions.  The Gothic novel became particularly popular in Britain, where masterpieces such as Dracula, The Turn of the Screw, Frankenstein, and Jane Eyre were written.  A major theme of Gothic novels tends to be the existence of powerful secrets, such as Jekyll's connection to Hyde.  In addition, nearly every Gothic novel takes place in a strange, mysterious location, such as Dracula's castle, the Thornfield estate in Jane Eyre, or the foggy, dark, mysterious nighttime London of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.  Stevenson places great stress on the dark, dank streets of London in wonderfully descriptive language.  See long list of attributes at:  http://www.gradesaver.com/dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/study-guide/section5/ 

The Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature (GL '99) in Washington, DC, in October 1999 defined grey literature as follows:  "That which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers."  In general, grey literature publications are non-conventional, fugitive, and sometimes ephemeral publications.  They may include, but are not limited to the following types of materials:  reports (pre-prints, preliminary progress and advanced reports, technical reports, statistical reports, memoranda, state-of-the art reports, market research reports, etc.), theses, conference proceedings, technical specifications and standards, non-commercial translations, bibliographies, technical and commercial documentation, and official documents not published commercially (primarily government reports and documents) (Alberani, 1990).  Due to the nature of grey literature, librarians have had difficulty acquiring and making accessible grey literature.  At The New York Academy of Medicine, there has been a push by public health and health policy researchers for the Academy Library to obtain this type of material and to add it to the catalog (Gray, 1998).  As a result, the Library acquires materials from various organizations publishing in these areas and gives them special cataloging treatment.  The Grey Literature Report is the first step in this initiative to not only collect these items for the Academy's collection, but to assist other librarians with collections in these fields in developing theirs.
References:
Alberani V, Pietrangeli PDC, Mazza AMR (1990).  The use of grey literature in health sciences: a preliminary survey. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 78(4): 358-363.
GL'99 Conference Program. Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature:  New Frontiers in Grey Literature.GreyNet, Grey Literature Network Service. Washington D.C. USA, 4-5 October 1999.
Gray, Bradford H. (1998). Sources used in health policy research and implications for information retrieval systems. Journal of Urban Health 75(4):  842-852  http://www.greylit.org/about

Who Owns the News Media is an interactive database of companies that own news properties in the United States.  Use the site to compare the companies, explore each media sector or read profiles of individual companies  http://stateofthemedia.org/media-ownership/

The Hunger Games trilogy has surpassed the Harry Potter books to become the best-selling series on Amazon.com, the company announced August 17.  "Since debuting in 2008, Katniss Everdeen and the Hunger Games have taken the world by storm, much as Harry Potter did a decade before," said Sara Nelson, the editorial director of books and Kindle at Amazon, which is the largest bookseller in the United States.  "Interestingly, this series is only three books versus Harry Potter's seven, and to achieve this result in just four years is a great testament to both the popularity of the work and, we think, the growth in reading digitally during that time," she said.

 First Ten States

1
Delaware  named to honor the early Virginia governor, Lord De La Warr
December 7, 1787
2
Pennsylvania  named to honor Admiral William Penn and his son, William Penn, Pennsylvania's founder.
December 12, 1787
3
New Jersey   James. Duke of York,  named the colony New Jersey to honor Sir George Carteret, who had been the Governor of Jersey, a British island in the English Channel.
December 18, 1787
4
Georgia  named to honor King George II of England.
January 2, 1788
5
Connecticut  name Connecticut is from a Mohican/Algonquin Indian word "quonehtacut", which means "long tidal river."
January 9, 1788
6
Massachusetts  named for an Algonquian Indian word that means "a big hill place."
February 6, 1788
7
Maryland  named to honor the Queen consort Henrietta Maria (1609-1669), the wife of Britain's King Charles I
April 28, 1788
8
South Carolina  named to honor King Charles I (Carolus is Latin for Charles).
May 23, 1788
9
New Hampshire named for Hampshire, England, by Captain John Mason.
June 21, 1788
10
Virginia  named for Queen Elizabeth I of England (she was known as the Virgin Queen).
June 25, 1788
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/statehood.shtml

Delaware, with just three counties, is nicknamed First State, Diamond State or Blue Hen State.
Pennsylvania is nicknamed Keystone State and its flower is the mountain laurel.
New Jersey is nicknamed Garden State and its bird is the eastern goldfinch.
Georgia is often called Peach State or Empire State of the South.
Connecticut with its "island skirted coast" is the Constitution State and its bird is the robin.
Massachusetts (m-a-s-s- A-C-H-U-s-e-t-t-s, the "state spelled with a sneeze in the middle", is Bay State, Old Colony State, Puritan State or Baked Bean State.  Its flower is the mayflower (trailing arbutus). 
Maryland is called Old Line State or Free State, and its bird is the Baltimore oriole.
South Carolina is the Palmetto State, and its flower is the yellow jasmine.
New Hampshire is the Granite State, and its bird is the purple finch.
Virginia is the Old Dominion State, and its flower is the flowering dogwood.
Massachusetts, North Carolina and South Carolina each have 13 letters in their names.  Does any state have more than 13?

NEW YORK  The distinctive red soles of Christian Louboutin shoes are entitled to trademark protection, even if the company can't exactly call the color its own, a federal appeals court said Sept. 5.  The 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Manhattan reversed a lower court judge who had ruled against the French maker of luxury shoes.  The appeals court said Louboutin was entitled to protect its brand against red-soled shoes made by competitor Yves Saint Laurent S.A.S., which is also based in Paris, though it instructed the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to limit registration of the trademark to situations in which the red lacquered outsole contrasts in color with the adjoining upper part of the shoe.  See extensive article at:  http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_b36_2/louboutin-shoe-court.html#hdng0

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