See extract of recent article by Amy Lynn Hess from Suite101:
John Langshaw Austin first delivered his speech-act theory as a series of lectures at Oxford in 1955. In those lectures, which were posthumously published with the title How to Do Things With Words, he introduced the notion that there is a type of statement we do not often consider, but a type that is nonetheless “enormously meaningful for ordinary users of language” Austin called that special type of statement a performative utterance. When a person makes a performative utterance, that person is performing an action. Although the action could be performed in some other way, the person chooses to complete the action by uttering the performative words. For example, a person can give a name to a new kitten by stating aloud, “I name this kitten ‘Bartholomew". A club member can make a pledge to behave in a manner expected by the club by stating, “I pledge to always behave in a manner expected by the tenets of this club”. A teacher could assign her class homework by simply stating, “I assign you pages 679-690 in the Richter text as homework”. Find the three conditions that must be met for statements to be considered performative utterances at the following link.
http://amylynnhess.suite101.com/what-is-a-performative-utterance-a407590
When it comes to content
farms, companies that churn out hundreds or thousands of new pieces of
content every day, Demand Media has harvested
most of the headlines over the
past year. But it's not the only
company out there betting on quantity of content - others include
Associated Content (acquired
by Yahoo! in May), About.com (owned by
the New York Times), Mahalo (founded by Jason
Calacanis, who sold his previous business Weblogs, Inc. to AOL in 2005) and Answers.com. Suite101
is a relatively low profile site compared to the others mentioned above. Yet it produces 500 new pieces of content per
day. Richard MacManus spoke to Suite101
CEO Peter Berger to discuss why it produces so much content, how it compares to
Demand Media, and what Google is doing about content farms. Read interview with Berger at: http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/content_farms_suite101.php
In the context of the World
Wide Web, a content farm (or
content mill) is a company that
employs large numbers of often freelance writers to generate large amounts of textual content
which is specifically designed to satisfy algorithms
for maximal retrieval by automated
search engines. Their main goal is
to generate advertising revenue through attracting reader page views
as first exposed in the context of social spam. Articles in content farms have been found to
contain identical passages across several media sources, leading to questions
about the sites placing search engine optimization goals over
factual relevance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_farm
The name Crimea takes its origin in the
name of a city of Qırım (today's Stary Krym)
which served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden
Horde. Qırım is Crimean Tatar for "my hill" (qır
– hill, -ım – my). However, there
are other versions of the etymology of Qırım. Russian Krym is a Russified form of
Qırım. The ancient
Greeks called Crimea Tauris (later Taurica),
after its inhabitants, the Tauri. The Greek
historian Herodotus
mentions that Heracles
plowed that land using a huge ox ("Taurus"), hence the name of the
land, and thereby asserting that these people named their land, and hence
themselves, after an ox used by a mythical, Greek figure. Herodotus also refers to a nearby region
called "cremni or 'the Cliffs" which may also refer to the Crimean
peninsula, notable for its cliffs along what is otherwise a flat northern
coastline of the Black Sea. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea
Pulitzer Prize-winner Natasha
Trethewey will be the 19th Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry, the Library
of Congress announced on June 7. "Natasha
Trethewey is an outstanding poet/historian in the mold of Robert Penn Warren,
our first Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry," Librarian of Congress James
Billington said in a
statement. "Her poems dig
beneath the surface of history--personal or communal, from childhood or from a
century ago -- to explore the human struggles that we all face." Born in Gulfport, Miss., in 1966, Trethewey's
work has chronicled the complicated history of her own family and that of the
South. As the daughter of a black mother
and white father, an interracial union that was still illegal in Mississippi at
the time, "it was very hard to drive around town with my parents, to be
out in public with my parents," she told the NewsHour in 2006. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/art/blog/2012/06/natasha-trethewey-named-poet-laureate.html
When the tsunami hit the northern coast of Japan last year, the waves ripped four dock floats the size
of freight train boxcars from their pilings in the fishing port of Misawa and
turned them over to the whims of wind and currents. One floated up on a nearby island. Two have not been seen again. But one made an incredible journey across
5,000 miles (8,050 kilometers) of ocean that ended this week on a popular
Oregon beach. Along for the ride were
hundreds of millions of individual organisms, including a tiny species of crab,
a species of algae, and a little starfish all native to Japan that have
scientists concerned if they get a chance to spread out on the West Coast. "This is a very clear threat," said
John Chapman, a research
scientist at Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center in
Newport, Oregon, where the dock washed up early Tuesday. "… It's incredibly difficult to predict what
will happen next." A dozen
volunteers scraped the dock clean of marine organisms and sterilized it with
torches June 7 to prevent the spread of invasive species, said Chris Havel,
spokesman for the state Department of Parks and Recreation, which is overseeing
the dock's fate. The volunteers removed
a ton and a half of material from the dock, and buried it above the high-water
line, Havel said. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/environment/story/2012-06-08/creatures-japan-tsunami-dock-oregon/55457298/1
Author of more than 27 novels and story collections—most famously "The Martian Chronicles,"
"Fahrenheit 451," "Dandelion Wine" and "Something
Wicked This Way Comes"—and more than 600 short stories, Ray Bradbury died
on June 5. "The only figure
comparable to mention would be [Robert A.] Heinlein and then later [Arthur C.]
Clarke," said Gregory Benford, a UC Irvine physics professor who is also a
Nebula award-winning science fiction writer. "But Bradbury, in the '40s and '50s,
became the name brand." Much of
Bradbury's accessibility and ultimate popularity had to do with his gift as a
stylist—his ability to write lyrically and evocatively of lands an imagination
away, worlds he anchored in the here and now with a sense of visual clarity and
small-town familiarity. The late Sam
Moskowitz, the preeminent historian of science fiction, once offered this
assessment: "In style, few match
him. And the uniqueness of a story of
Mars or Venus told in the contrasting literary rhythms of Hemingway and Thomas
Wolfe is enough to fascinate any critic."
As influenced by George Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare as he was
by Jules Verne and Edgar Rice Burroughs, Bradbury was an expert of the taut
tale, the last-sentence twist. And he
was more celebrated for short fiction than his longer works. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jun/06/local/la-me-ray-bradbury-20120607
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