Wednesday, August 24, 2016

Q.  Which one has primacy in English:  "vermilion" or "vermillion" (as a color)?  See answer plus a graphic at http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/21895/vermilion-or-vermillion  The word vermilion came from the Old French word vermeillon, which was derived from vermeil, from the Latin vermiculus, the diminutive of the Latin word vermis, or worm.  It has the same origin as the English word vermin.  The name originated because it had a similar color to the natural red dye made from an insect, the Kermes vermilio, which was widely used in Europe.  The first recorded use of vermilion as a color name in English was in 1289.  The term cinnabar was used interchangeably with vermilion until the 17th century, when vermilion became the more common name.  By the late 18th century 'cinnabar' applied to the unground natural mineral only.  Vermilion is a dense, opaque pigment with a clear, brilliant hue.  The pigment was originally made by grinding a powder of cinnabar, the ore which contains mercury.  The chemical formula of the pigment is HgS (mercury(II) sulfide); like most mercury compounds it is toxic.  See many graphics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion

Is there such a thing as a photographic memory?  And if so, can it be learned? by Alan Searleman  In the scientific literature, the term eidetic imagery comes closest to what is popularly called photographic memory.  The most common way to identify eidetikers (as people with eidetic imagery are often called) is by the Picture Elicitation Method.  In it, an unfamiliar picture is placed on an easel and a person carefully scans the entire scene.  After 30 seconds have elapsed, the picture is removed from view, and the person is asked to continue to look at the easel and to report anything that they can observe.  People possessing eidetic imagery will confidently claim to still "see" the picture.  In addition, they can scan it and examine different parts of it just as if the picture were still physically present.  Consequently, one of the hallmarks of eidetic imagery is that eidetikers use the present tense when answering questions about the missing picture, and they can report in extraordinary detail what it contained.  You might expect that an individual who claims to still see a picture after it has been removed would be able to have a perfect memory of the original picture.  After all, a perfect memory is what is usually implied by the commonly used phrase "photographic memory." As it turns out, however, the accuracy of many eidetic images is far from perfect.  In fact, besides often being sketchy on some details, it is not unusual for eidetikers to alter visual details and even to invent some that were never in the original. This suggests that eidetic images are certainly not photographic in nature but instead are reconstructed from memory and can be influenced like other memories (both visual and nonvisual) by cognitive biases and expectations.  http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-there-such-a-thing-as/

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) from whom something is said to take its name.  The word is back-formed from "eponymous", from the Greek "eponymos" meaning "giving name".   A few examples:  Achilles, Greek mythological character – Achilles' heel, Achilles tendon; Adam, Biblical character – Adam's apple, adamite; Cincinnatus, Roman politician – Cincinnati, Ohio (indirectly); and Moses Cleaveland – the city of Cleveland, Ohiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_eponyms_(A%E2%80%93K)#C

The ball peen hammer is a kind of peening hammer that has 2 ends.  1 end is shaped like an ordinary hammerhead while the other is ball shaped.  It has a handle that is like that of a regular hammer and the material can vary, which includes wood, metal or fiberglass.  This kind of hammer is also called a machinist’s or engineer’s hammer.  The head of the ball peen hammer is usually harder than that of a claw hammer so it is highly unlikely that it will break or chip on contact.  If you want to set rivets in metal by hand, your best choice of tool for the job should be the ball peen hammer.  Riveting entails the use of a soft metal nail that is driven through a hole drilled in metal sheets or boards.  Rivets are the usual means of joining 2 metal sheets together aside from welding, and you can make a great permanent joint if you will be able to do the task right.  The process will require cutting the unused material on one side and then peening the shaft of the nail that is jutting out on the opposite side.  Striking it with a ball peen hammer will form a mushroom shape at the end of the nail, effectively fastening the 2 metal sheets together.

Prefixes are key morphemes in English vocabulary that begin words.  The prefix super- and its variant sur- mean “over.”  We all know that the DC Comics hero Superman is the hero who stands “over” all other men in power. Speaking of superstars, the football game that stands “over” all other football games is, you got it, the Super Bowl.  The Super Bowl features the superior teams from the AFC and theNFC divisions facing off against each other, that is, the two teams that stood “over” all the rest during the football season.  School systems love to have members of management who stand “over” all others, such as superintendents, who are in charge of entire school systems.  They supervise, or watch “over” the schools in their respective districts.  A variant of the prefix super-, which also means “above,” is the morpheme sur-.  For instance, a surname is that name which is “over” a family and thereby identifies it, or the family’s last name.  The surface of something is etymologically the face that lies “over” what it’s covering.  When you surpass everyone else’s SAT scores at your school, you pass “over” them all, thus getting the highest score.  One who takes a survey of people wants to look “over” what they think.  And have you ever been hit with a surcharge on your cell phone bill, those sneaky little charges that go “over” what you are supposed to pay? http://www.membean.com/wrotds/super-over

Lake Baikal, in eastern Siberia, is the deepest lake in the world with a maximum depth of 1,632m.  It is also the world’s largest volume of fresh water:  23,000 cubic km.  One-fifth of all the fresh water in the world is located Lake Baikal.  Baikal is also the world’s most ancient freshwater lake, it originated 20-25 million years ago.  It is 636 km long, 79 km wide.  There are 27 islands in Lake Baikal, most of them uninhabited.   Baikal's coastline measures 2100 kilometers (around 1300 miles).  More than 300 streams and rivers flow into Lake Baikal, but there is just one outlet, the Angara.  http://lakebaikal.org/lake-baikal-facts/

Q.  What is the meaning of the German word einfach?  A.  frugal  just   plain  simple simply
Find frugal in other languages and link to other terms at http://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-meaning-of/german-word-einfach.html

English poetry employs five basic rhythms of varying stressed (/) and unstressed (x) syllables.  The meters are iambs, trochees, spondees, anapests and dactyls.  Each unit of rhythm is called a "foot" of poetry.  Find easy-to-understand examples at http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88v/meter.html

August 11, 2016  The 'Chork' is a combination of both a pair of chopsticks and a fork ** Follows success of Spork--a spoon/fork mash-up popularized by KFC ** Chorck has plastic chopsticks at one end and a three-prong fork at other ** Panda Express announced they will introduce the new utensil soon.  Read more and see pictures at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3735561/Move-spork-s-new-utensil-town-Panda-Express-introduce-chopsticks-fork-hybrid-chork.html

August 12, 2016  America's Olympic medalists must pay state and federal taxes on the prize money they get for winning.  The U.S. Olympic Committee awards $25,000 for gold medals, $15,000 for silver and $10,000 for bronze.  That's not all.  Olympians also have to pay tax on the value of the medals themselves.  Gold and silver medals are made mostly of silver, while bronze medals are composed of mostly copper.  Rio's medals are among the largest and heaviest ever and contain about 500 grams of either silver or copper.  The value of a gold medal is about $564; silver is worth about $305.  Bronze is worth a negligible amount so it's not taxed.  The U.S. is one of the only countries that doesn't provide government funding to its Olympians.  Proposed federal legislation would make "the value of any medal or prize money" awarded during the Olympics or Paralympics exempt from income taxes.  The bill was passed by the Senate last month and is being considered by the House. It would apply to earnings from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2021.  Ahiza Garcia  http://money.cnn.com/2016/08/12/news/olympians-gold-medals-taxes-us/index.html?iid=ob_article_footer

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1517  August 24, 2016  On this date in 1682, William Penn received the area that is now the state of Delaware, and adds it to his colony of Pennsylvania.  On this date in 1891, Thomas Edison patented the motion picture camera.  Word of the Day:  hilum  noun  (1) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.  (2)   The nucleus of a starch grain.  (3)  A depression or fissure through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ; a porta.

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