American Samoa, a group of five volcanic islands and two coral atolls located some 2,600 mi south of Hawaii in the South Pacific, is an unincorporated, unorganized territory of the U.S.  It includes the eastern Samoan islands of Tutuila, Aunu'u, and Rose; three islands (Ta'u, Olosega, and Ofu) of the Manu'a group; and Swains Island.  Around 1000 B.C. Proto-polynesians established themselves in the islands, and their descendants are one of the few remaining Polynesian societies.  The Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeveen sighted the Manu'a Islands in 1722.  American Samoa has been a territory of the United States since April 17, 1900, when the High Chiefs of Tutuila signed the first of two Deeds of Cession for the islands to the U.S. (Congress ratified the Deeds in 1929.)  Swains Island, which is privately owned, came under U.S. administration in 1925.  The people of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, not U.S. citizens, but many have become naturalized American citizens.  http://www.infoplease.com/country/american-samoa.html

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill  (1874-1965) was a British politician and statesman, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II.  He was Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.  He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.  Find quotes, disputed quotes and misattributed quotes at https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill#Quotes_about_Churchill

JibJab Media v. Ludlow Music ("This Land" Parody)   In June 2004 JibJab creators of the fantastically popular "This Land" animated parody lampooning John Kerry and George Bush were threatened with a copyright lawsuit for the soundtrack which was based on Woody Guthrie's "This Land is Your Land."  The threat came from Ludlow Music Inc. the music publisher that claimed to own the song.  JibJab sued Ludlow in federal court in July 2004 seeking judicial confirmation that JibJab's work was a protected "fair use" and did not infringe Ludlow's copyrights.  Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) served as counsel to JibJab.  During the course of the litigation EFF discovered that the copyright to "This Land is Your Land" expired in 1973 putting the song into the public domain.  The initial copyright term was triggered when Guthrie sold his first versions of the song as sheet music in 1945 (this sheet music is available in the Guthrie archives at the Library of Congress; EFF has posted a copy).  The copyright on the song then ran out when Ludlow failed to renew its registration in 1973.   JibJab and Ludlow ultimately settled the litigation.  As part of the settlement of the case JibJab remains free to continue distributing the "This Land" animation without further interference from Ludlow.

https://www.eff.org/cases/jibjab-media-inc-v-ludlow-music-inc

More than 70 years after Woody Guthrie wrote “‘This Land is Your Land,” attorneys for an electronica group are going to court in hopes of having the rights to the folk classic deemed as inclusive as the country described by its lyrics.  A class action complaint filed June 14, 2016 in Manhattan Federal Court on behalf of local band Satorii argues that Guthrie’s 1944 song “This Land is Your Land” should be brought into public domain.  Attorneys for Satorii claim the group paid $45.50 in 2016 in order to obtain the licensing rights needed to record a cover version of the Guthrie classic.  As alleged in the lawsuit, however, any valid copyright associated with the song should have expired decades earlier.  "As artists, we respect the copyright protections afforded all creative works,” Satorii lead singer Jerrra Blues said in astatement released by attorneys at law firm Wolf Haldenstein.  “However, those protections end at a certain point so that others can create their own new works.  That’s one reason we create music, so that someday our work will be in the public domain for all to use.”  Ludlow Music managed to copyright the song in 1956, and for 60 years has claimed to control the song’s reproduction, distribution and public performance rights under federal copyright law.  In securing those rights, however, Satorii’s attorneys argue that Ludlow failed to acknowledge that the song had already been copyrighted by Guthrie more than a decade earlier, as well as the fact that Guthrie borrowed the melody from an antiquated gospel hymn he had heard previously.  http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/16/copyright-case-aims-bring-land-your-land-public-do/

Many cooking references describe fricassee simply as a French stew, usually with a white sauce.  Mastering the Art of French Cooking describes it as "halfway between a saute and a stew" in that a saute has no liquid added, while a stew includes liquid from the beginning.  In a fricassee, cut-up meat is first sauteed (but not browned), then liquid is added and it is simmered to finish cooking.  Cookbook author James Peterson notes that some modernized versions of the recipe call for the meat to be thoroughly browned before braising, but the classical version requires that both meat and vegetables remain white, with no caramelization. ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricassee

Chicken Fricassee with Vermouth  http://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/6850-chicken-fricassee-with-vermouth

When archivists at California's Stanford University received the collected papers of the late palaeontologist Stephen Jay Gould in 2004, they knew right away they had a problem.  Many of the 'papers' were actually on computer disks of various kinds, in the form of 52 megabytes of data spread across more than 1,100 files—all from long-outdated systems.  “It was a large collection, as you can imagine,” says Michael Olson, service manager for the Born Digital/Forensics Lab at Stanford University Libraries.  “He used a lot of early word processing for his writing, lots of disks and diskettes in different formats.”  After considerable effort the Stanford archivists did get Gould's papers into order—first by finding hardware that could read the obsolete disks, and then by deciphering what they found there.  “We had some challenges finding old applications to figure out what word processor he used, that sort of thing,” says Olson.  The Gould papers were an early indication of an issue that's been rapidly worsening:  four decades after the personal-computer revolution brought word processing and number crunching to the desktop, the first generation of early adopters is retiring or dying.  So how do archivists recover and preserve what's left behind?  “People around the world have information stored on disks that are less readable with every passing day,” says Christopher Lee, a researcher in the School of Information and Library Science at the University of North Carolina (UNC) in Chapel Hill.  “This includes floppies, Zip disks, CDs, DVDs, flash drives, hard drives and a variety of other media.”  Many files can be accessed only with long-obsolete hardware, and all are subject to physical deterioration that will ultimately make them unreadable by any means.  By now, many libraries, archives and museums have accumulated shelves full of such material, stashed away in the hope that if it's ever needed, somebody, somewhere will be able to figure out how to access it.  Mark Wolverton  Read more at http://www.nature.com/news/digital-forensics-from-the-crime-lab-to-the-library-1.19998?utm_campaign=News%20you%20can%20use&utm_content=35510265&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter

How many of you get robocalls that starts something like this:  Congratulations, our records indicate that you recently applied for a payday loan . . . our lenders have taken a second look at your . . .   They may seem to be from various places in the country, although I got a call on June 24, 2016 that said LIFE INSURANCE rather than a city name.

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1489  June 27, 2016  On this date in 1898, the first solo circumnavigation of the globe was completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.  On this date in 1932,  Anna Moffo, American operatic soprano, was born.  Word of the Day:  from pillar to post  adverb (idiomatic)  From one place (or person, or task) to another; hither and thither.  June 27 marks the start of The Championships at Wimbledon, UK, in 2016.