Thursday, January 28, 2016

Jules Gabriel Verne (1828–1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright best known for his adventure novels and his profound influence on the literary genre of science fiction.  Verne was born in the seaport of Nantes, where he was trained to follow in his father's footsteps as a lawyer, but quit the profession early in life to write for magazines and the stage.  His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the Voyages Extraordinaires, a widely popular series of scrupulously researched adventure novels including Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873).  Verne is generally considered a major literary author in France and most of Europe, where he has had a wide influence on the literary avant-garde and on surrealism.  His reputation is markedly different in Anglophone regions, where he has often been labeled a writer of genre fiction or children's books, largely because of the highly abridged and altered translations in which his novels are often reprinted.  Verne has been the second most-translated author in the world since 1979, ranking between the English-language writers Agatha Christie and William Shakespeare; he probably was the most-translated during the 1960s and 1970s.  In English he is one so-called father of science fiction, a title also given to H. G. Wells and Hugo Gernsback.  Verne's largest body of work is the Voyages Extraordinaires series, which includes all of his novels except for the two rejected manuscripts Paris in the Twentieth Century and Backwards to Britain (published posthumously in 1989 and 1994, respectively) and for projects left unfinished at his death (many of which would be posthumously adapted or rewritten for publication by his son Michel).  Verne also wrote many plays, poems, song texts, operetta libretti, and short stories, as well as a variety of essays and miscellaneous non-fiction.  Read more and see graphics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne

Around the World in Eighty Days is a classic adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, published in 1873.  In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the world in 80 days on a £20,000 wager (roughly £1.6 million today) set by his friends at the Reform ClubThe story starts in London on Tuesday, October 1, 1872.  At the Reform Club, Fogg gets involved in an argument over an article in The Daily Telegraph stating that with the opening of a new railway section in India, it is now possible to travel around the world in 80 days.  Accompanied by Passepartout, he leaves London by train at 8:45 P.M. on Wednesday, October 2, 1872, and is due back at the Reform Club at the same time 80 days later, Saturday, December 21, 1872.  The science fiction novel The Other Log of Phileas Fogg by Philip José Farmer gives an alternate interpretation of the story.  In 1874 a theatrical adaptation by Verne and Adolphe d'Ennery opened at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in Paris for 415 performances; in April 1876 it transferred to the Théâtre du Châtelet where it ran for 2,195 performances over 64 years.  In 1946 Orson Welles produced and starred in Around the World, a musical stage version, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, that was only loosely faithful to Verne's original.  A musical version, 80 Days, with songs by Ray Davies of The Kinks and a book by playwright Snoo Wilson, directed by Des McAnuff, ran at the Mandell Weiss Theatre in San Diego from August 23 to October 9, 1988, receiving mixed responses from the critics.  Davies's multi-faceted music, McAnuff's directing, and the acting were well received, with the show winning the "Best Musical" award from the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle.  In 2013 a musical version "Around the World in 80 Days" with book and lyrics by Chris Blackwood and music by Piers Chater Robinson went on general release and has had productions across the globe.  Mark Brown adapted the book for a five-actor stage production in 2001.  St. James Theatre, London put on an adaptation by Laura Eason which was directed by Lucy Bailey and ran from 26 November 2015 to 17 January 2016 with Robert Portal as Fogg, Simon Gregor as Passepartout and Shanaya Rafaat as Aouda.  See adaptations for radio, films, television and games at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days

Cyberlaw Clinic – Harvard Law School – [January 16, 2016], “the Harvard Law School Cyberlaw Clinic, on behalf of a group of esteemed law scholars, filed an amicus brief (pdf) in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) v. Public.Resource.org.  Amici argue in the brief that model codes incorporated into law are not, and should not be, copyrightable.  Several standards developing organizations (SDOs)--including ASTM, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)--filed the lawsuit against Public Resourceback in 2013, alleging copyright and trademark infringement.  After a lengthy discovery process, the federal District Court in D.C. is currently considering motions for summary judgment from both parties.”  http://www.bespacific.com/clinic-works-with-law-scholars-to-argue-against-copyright-in-legal-codes/

Ramsey, Michael D., The Original Meaning of ‘Natural Born’ (January 7, 2016).  Available at SSRN:  http://ssrn.com/abstract=2712485 orhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2712485  McManamon, Mary Brigid, The Natural Born Citizen Clause as Originally Understood (2015).  Catholic University Law Review, v. 64, no. 2 (2015); Widener Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-21.  Available for download at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444766

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg
photoshop   (FOT-uh-shop)  verb tr.  To digitally alter an image, especially in order to distort reality.  From Adobe Photoshop, a widely-used software package for editing images.  Earliest documented use:  1992.
peeps  (peeps)  noun  People, especially when referring to one’s friends or associates.  Shortened form of people.  Earliest documented use:  1847.
Feedback to A.Word.A.Day
From:  David Fischer  Subject:  Photoshop  It is unfortunate that “photoshop” has acquired such negative connotations.  In the old days of black-and-white film, advanced amateurs and pros routinely used filters to darken skies, and dodged and burned their prints to bring out or diminish certain areas.  Photoshop now makes such operations so much easier and more exact.  No one ever asked me if I did these things in the old days, but I have been asked (more like accused) about Photoshop use.  For me it is just another tool to make an expressive print.
From:  Steve Haskin  Subject:  photoshop  There are also several variant words derived from the same root:  “That photo looks shopped.” etc.  I’ve been a Photoshop guy since ‘91, BTW.  It was actually released for the original Mac SE in 89.  Windows came in 1991 or so.  The original greyscale editor was developed in 1987-8 by the Knoll brothers.
From:  Larry Alden  Subject:  Peeps   To a birder, peeps are small brown and white sandpipers (named for the peeping call notes, I gather).  The five common North American species of peeps are told apart by subtle differences in feather color, size, leg color, wing length, bill structure, etc.  Due to the fact that their plumages vary with season and age along with the possibility of similar species showing up from Europe or Asia, peeps provide an identification challenge to even the best birders.
From:  Eve Burton  Subject: peeps  When I saw the word “peeps”, I immediately thought of marshmallow chicks, ubiquitous at Easter.  My husband agreed that was the first meaning of the word to pop into his head.  I also thought of baby chicks.  I’d never heard the word “peeps” applied to people before.
From:  Robert Low  Subject:  peeps  With “peeps”, you should have added (and you will doubtless get many responses just like mine) that “peeps” are what baby chickens use to keep contact with their “momma” hen when they are out “free ranging” for insects.

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1416  January 28, 2016

To a poet, silence is an acceptable response, even a flattering one. -  Sidonie Gabrielle Colette, author (28 Jan 1873-1954)  Colette was a French novelist nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948.  Her best known work, the novella Gigi, was the basis for the film and Lerner and Loewe stage production of the same name.

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