Monday, November 16, 2015

November 12, 2015  The House that Julia Built by Peter Sigal  It may come as a surprise to learn that Julia Child, America’s quintessential French chef, lived in France for only a short time.  But from her first breathless arrival in the fall of 1948 to her departure less than six years later en route to her husband’s diplomatic posts in Bonn and Oslo, few Americans had immersed themselves so deeply in the country’s cuisine.  So the thought of leaving France, where she had found her raison d’ĂȘtre, filled Julia with more than a touch of nostalgia, a rare feeling for a woman who was always resolutely looking ahead to the next adventure.  She and her husband, Paul, consoled themselves with the thought that “perhaps someday, we dreamed, we’d buy an apartment in Paris or a house in Provence, and would spend part of every year here.”  The house they did eventually build in Provence, La Pitchoune, became her link to France, a place she returned to again and again in her mind and in her recipes.  There, in the countryside just north of Cannes, Paul would paint, take photos and tinker in his wine cellar, and Julia would shop in the markets and cook with her collaborator, Simca Beck, on whose property La Pitchoune—or “The Little Thing”—was built.   Now La Peetch, as Julia called it, is for sale on the open market for the first time.  The next owner won’t have to work hard to imagine the Childs’ life there, as Julia’s kitchen remains largely intact since the last meal she cooked there, a typically Provençale boeuf en daube, in 1992.  The house is, by design, informal, and it sits lightly on the landscape, tucked into a hillside with views across a shallow valley to the hill town of Plascassier.  The story of how it came to be built, and how the Childs used it—and ultimately, walked away from it—reveals much about why Julia remains a beloved figure today, 11 years after her death at age 92 in 2004.  In 1961, Julia and Paul had just returned to the United States after 13 years abroad.  She could not have anticipated it, but the runaway success of “Mastering the Art of French Cooking”—her long-gestating foray into “cookery-bookery”—and the subsequent television show “The French Chef,” were about to make her America’s first kitchen celebrity.  Two years later, feeling the pull of a constant work schedule “sucking at our feet,” they flew to France to visit the farmhouse owned by Ms. Beck and her husband, Jean Fischbacher, who was an engineer at a perfume company in Paris.  There, lulled by warm November breezes scented by lavender and mimosa, the four struck a handshake deal:  Julia and Paul would lease a potato patch near the farmhouse, where they would build a “simple, modest and as-maintenance-free-as-possible house.”  Once they no longer had any use for the house, they would return it to Simca and Jean.  They called it the house built on friendship,” said Alex Prud’homme, Julia Child’s grandnephew, who collaborated on a memoir, “My Life in France.”  La Pitchoune—three small bedrooms, a kitchen and an open-plan living/dining area in about 140 square meters, or 1,500 square feet—was finished by New Year’s 1966, and the couples toasted in style with oysters, foie gras and champagne.  http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/greathomesanddestinations/the-house-that-julia-built.html

Farther refers to a greater distance, literal or metaphorical, from a shared measuring point.  Further refers to a greater progress in a shared direction.  The root of the confusion around the words lies in their etymologies.  The older of the two is further, and it originally didn’t have anything to do with far.  In modern English, a comparative is, of course, formed by adding -er to the end of a word.  Once upon a time—between the twelfth and the seventeenth centuries, the O.E.D. estimates—there was a comparative of far in English, and it was farrer, which no doubt went extinct because it’s the sort of word that doesn’t roll easily off one’s tongue unless one is a pirate.  Further seems to have begun life as the comparative of an altogether different word:  fore or forth.  In other words, further didn’t originally mean “more distant” but something like “more ahead,” or, as the contemporary O.E.D. puts it, “more forward, more onward.”  Caleb Crain  Read more at http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/further-and-farther-a-theory

Top Five Tornado Myths Debunked  1.  Opening windows during a tornado will relieve pressure and save a house from destruction.  2.  Seeking shelter under a highway overpass will protect you from a tornado.  3.  A green sky is an indicator that a tornado is coming.  4.  Tornadoes do not strike in cities.  5.  Taking cover in the southwest corner of your house will protect you from a tornado.  Read more and see graphics at http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/top-five-tornado-myths-debunke/61918

November 1, 2015  Forty strollers were double- and triple-parked on the main floor of the Fort Washington Library in Upper Manhattan.  As another one came through the door, Velda Asbury waved toward a spot beside a book stack.  Officially, Ms. Asbury is a library clerk, checking books in and out.  But every Wednesday she doubles as a parking attendant during one of the New York Public Library’s most popular programs:  story time.  “Good morning, little people,” she called out, as the library’s youngest patrons climbed, or were carried, up an old wooden staircase to the second floor for a 45-minute romp through books and music.  Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.”  Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up.  Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading.  They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time—held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor—that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator.  In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems—the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library—and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings.  Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013.  The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government.  It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.”  As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times.  Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary.  Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling.  Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school.  In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.  Winnie Hu  http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02/nyregion/long-line-at-the-library-its-story-time-again.html?ref=education

One of the ways to form an adjective is to add the suffix ~ic or ~ical.  There is no clear rule about when to use which.  As a rule of thumb, many of the older nouns have the ~ical adjective, while most of the newer ones have ~ic suffix.  The suffix ~ic or ~ical means “connected with” in adjectives and nouns or refers to “that performs the action mentioned” in adjectives.  Especially, nouns that end with “logy” takes “logical” as the suffix when becoming an adjective.  The suffix is derived from French ~ique (or Latin ~icus or Greek ~ikos).  https://myooka.wordpress.com/2013/07/05/adjectives-beware-of-suffixes-ical-and-ic/  See also http://blog.metrolingua.com/2009/05/ic-vs-ical-distinctions-can-be-fickle.html

A belvedere  or belvidere (from Italian for "fair view") is an architectural structure sited to take advantage of a fine or scenic view.  While a belvedere may be built in the upper part of a building the actual structure can be of any form, whether a turret, a cupola, or an open gallery.  Or it may be a separate pavilion in a garden, or the term may be used for a paved terrace with a good viewpoint, but no actual building.  It may also be used for a whole building, as in the Belvedere, Vienna, a huge palace, or Belvedere Castle, a folly in New York.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvedere_(structure)  Find many uses of the word belvedere including place names and people at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvedere

Odd Day--11/13/15-- is the last date with consecutive odd numbers for 90 years (until Jan. 3, 2105 or 1/3/5).   Ron Gordon, a retired school teacher from Redwood, Calif., created a whole website about it:  Oddday.net.  He has discovered several interesting oddities in the calendar, and he has websites for those too.  They include Square Root Day (4/4/16) and Trumpet Day (2/2/22 or "to to to tooo," get it?).   And yes, there's a Ladybug Day too.  It was 10/11/12, based on a Sesame Street song called The Ladybugs' Picnic that uses 10/11/12 in the refrain.  Kelly Lecker 
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2015/11/13/odd-day.html


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1378  November 16, 2015  On this date in 1750, Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough, English lawyer, judge, and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, was born.  On this date in 1895,  Paul Hindemith, German violinist, composer, and conductor, was born. 

Friday, November 13, 2015

I saw a listing of hotels in a travel magazine with Oklahoma classified as Midwest.  This made me wonder:  just what states are considered in the Midwest.  Education Place lists 11 Midwest states, and Oklahoma is not one of them.  https://www.eduplace.com/ss/maps/pdf/midwestus.pdf  The U.S. Census Bureau lists 12 states in the Midwest and lists Oklahoma as one of 16 states in the South region.  http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf  The Wage and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor lists 10 states in the Midwest and lists Oklahoma as one of 11 states in the Southwest region. http://www.dol.gov/whd/programs/dbra/regions.htm

We've all been to the library to check out books, rent DVD's, and surf the web.  But now at three Phoenix libraries you can do more; work out.  Fit Phoenix unveiled a new way for people to improve their health all while reading a book.  These treadmill desks are available to use at three Phoenix libraries including; Palo Verde, Harmon, and Yucca.  "What you do is come to the library with your library card, check into the computer like you normally would with one of the normal , but it has a treamil with it, and you'll be able to walk slowly at 2 miles and hour while you use the computer," said Jon Brodsky.  Brodsky says they're always looking for ways to boost the health of the community, he's hoping these treadmills do just that.  "The funding came from an NFL Super Bowl legacy grant, so when the NFL was here they left grants to community organizations, we applied for one and we were excited to get one," said Brodsky.  On the treadmill you can basically do everything you would normally do sitting down at the library like surf the web, read a book, and it's safe for all ages.  Danielle Miller  http://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/arizona-news/40881133-story

The Thirty-Nine Steps is an adventure novel by the Scottish author John Buchan.  It first appeared as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine in August and September 1915 before being published in book form in October that year by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh.  It is the first of five novels featuring Richard Hannay, an all-action hero with a stiff upper lip and a miraculous knack for getting himself out of sticky situations.  The novel formed the basis for a number of film adaptations, notably:  Alfred Hitchcock's 1935 version; a 1959 colour remake; a 1978 version which is perhaps most faithful to the novel; and a 2008 version for British television.  The Thirty-Nine Steps is one of the earliest examples of the 'man-on-the-run' thriller archetype subsequently adopted by Hollywood as an often-used plot device.  In The Thirty-Nine Steps, Buchan holds up Richard Hannay as an example to his readers of an ordinary man who puts his country’s interests before his own safety.  The story was a great success with the men in the First World War trenches.  One soldier wrote to Buchan, "The story is greatly appreciated in the midst of mud and rain and shells, and all that could make trench life depressing."  Richard Hannay continued his adventures in four subsequent books.  Two were set during the war when Hannay continued his undercover work against the Germans and their allies the Turks in Greenmantle and Mr Standfast.  The other two stories, The Three Hostages and The Island of Sheep were set in the post war period when Hannay's opponents were criminal gangs.

In the Words of Mark Twain, a performance by Judy Cook  Saturday, November 14, 2015  1-4 p.m.  Toledo-Lucas County Main Library  McMaster Center  325 Michigan St.  Toledo, OH   Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was a larger-than-life American author and humorist.  Come hear his words, wit and wisdom interspersed with songs of the era and stories of the man himself.  Author and performer Judy Cook has been actively touring throughout both Britain and the United States for more than 15 years.  She is recognized for her in-depth research, dedication, understanding and storytelling ability.  Her presentation and delivery combine with her joy of singing to delight all listeners.  This program is FREE and open to the public.  Free on-site parking.  Sponsored by the Library Legacy Foundation

"Cook the onions and garlic and celery and carrots in a wading pool of good olive oil and bacon fat until they carmelized, growing sugar like a crop in a skillet field."  Off the Grid, a novel by P. J. Tracy (a pseudonym for American mother-daughter writing team Patricia (P. J.) and Traci Lambrecht.   

Dawn of the Selfie Era:  The Whos, Wheres, and Hows of Selfies on Instagram  Analysis of millions of photos shows that the amount of selfies has increased by 900 times from 2012 to 2014.  Selfies are an effective medium to grab attention; they generate on average 1.1–3.2 times more likes and comments than other types of content on Instagram.  See 11-page article at http://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.05700v1.pdf

Actor Ethan Hawke has written a book to help start a dialogue with his children, and provide guidance for parents and children around the world.  In Rules for a Knight, the four-time Oscar nominee and father of four outlines 20 guidelines to living a better, and more principled, life.  See BBC interview at http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34805223  4:07

November 12, 2015  A woman is laughing, head tossed back, focused on something over her right shoulder.  A man stares at her, unsmiling.  The caption reads:  Spike your best friend’s eggnog when they’re not looking.  This advertisement, part of Bloomingdale's new holiday catalog, inspired instant backlash on the Web.  In response to the uproar, Bloomingdale’s issued a prompt apology:  “In reflection of recent feedback, the copy we used in our recent catalog was inappropriate and in poor taste.”  A spokesman wouldn’t say how the spiking directive was approved.  Bloomingdale's is the second large company this year to face accusations of promoting rape.  In April, 2015 an ill-fated Bud Light label went viral:  “The perfect beer for removing ‘no’ from your vocabulary for the night.”  Danielle Paquette     https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/11/12/what-a-creepy-bloomingdales-ad-tells-us-about-americas-understanding-of-rape/

A California judge threw away a copyright lawsuit against Taylor Swift by using Swift's own lyrics.  Musician Jessie Braham filed the suit claiming that Swift took lyrics from his song "Haters Gone Hate" and used them in her song "Shake It Off," the lead single from her hit "1989" album.  Where Braham's song includes the lyrics, "Haters gone hate, playas gone play.  Watch out for them fakers, they'll fake you every day," Swift's song goes, "'Cause the players gonna play, play, play, play, play. And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate ... And the fakers gonna fake, fake, fake, fake, fake."  In her dismissal of the case, District Court Judge Gail Standish borrowed words from Swift's songs "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" and "Blank Space."  "At present, the Court is not saying that Braham can never, ever, ever get his case back in court.  But, for now, we have got problems, and the Court is not sure Braham can solve them," she wrote.  See judge's order dated November 10, 2015 at http://www.businessinsider.com/judge-dismisses-taylor-swift-copyright-lawsuit-2015-11


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1377  November 13, 2015  On this date in 1927, the Holland Tunnel opened to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.  On this date in 1940, Walt Disney's animated musical film Fantasia was first released, on the first night of a roadshow at New York's Broadway Theatre.  Word of the Day for November 13:  Romanesco noun  1.  Romanesco broccoli, a light-green edible flower bud of the species Brassica oleracea, which is thus related to broccoli and cauliflower.  Its form is a natural approximation of a fractal.  2.  Romanesco dialect, the dialect of Italian language spoken in Rome.

Wednesday, November 11, 2015

At the Brockton Public Library  http://www.brocktonpubliclibrary.org/, the artwork and some items relating to the city’s storied shoemaking past are in the process of being uploaded to Digital Commonwealth, an online, searchable database launched as an initiative between a Newton-based nonprofit, Digital Commonwealth Inc., and the Boston Public Library.  Anything digitized and posted at www.digitalcommonwealth.org is also sent to the Digital Library of America, adding to its collection from institutions across the country, said Celeste Bruno, spokeswoman for the Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners.  Most of the artwork is displayed in public areas of the library, including a grand piece titled “The Buccaneers,” by renowned marine artist Frederick J. Waugh, in the Teen Zone room.  In 2002, the last time the library had its works appraised, the 1910 piece was valued at $100,000, Lucia Shannon, head of adult services, said.  Another notable piece is Thomas Dewing’s “Green and White,” a 1910 pastel of a woman in a gown sitting on a bench.  Other artists whose works are featured include John Henry Twachtman and Thomas Eakins, whose portrait of the donor of the painting was valued at $115,000 in 2002.  Some pieces are hung away from the public eye in library offices, including a 17th-century Dutch still life by Jan Davidsz. de Heem valued at $25,000.  Older library buildings, like the Woburn Public Library, have limited space to display all of their treasures.  Had it not been for a Civil War encampment hosted by the library, one of its most rare artifacts—the small piece of President Lincoln’s coat—would not have been on public display, said Kathleen O’Doherty, the library’s director.  Lincoln’s wife, Mary, gave the coat to the couple’s favorite White House doorman, Alphonse Donn, who cut off pieces of it to give away as mementos to his visitors, according to a narrative from the Ford’s Theatre museum in Washington, D.C., where the coat is displayed.  The approximately 1½-inch snippet at the Woburn library was donated in 1892 by one of Mary’s nephews, according to the library’s archives.  Most of the items on exhibit throughout the building are part of the library’s art collection, which includes pieces by Benjamin Champney, a 19th-century painter renowned for his White Mountain works.  The 136-year-old building also boasts a museum on the top floor full of treasures, including two letters from 1776 and 1783 signed by George Washington.  In one he inquires about buying china and wine for his home, and in the other he is complaining to the Continental Congress.  In the museum is also an original copy of the first published history of New England from 1654, as well as a book of notable autographs, among them the signatures of Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.  Katheleen Conti  https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/regionals/south/2015/10/29/some-public-libraries-home-rare-and-valuable-treasures/8fkcR3FO3fqd2I74XdkCoL/story.html

Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vine in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.  Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds.  First cultivated in the Americas before being brought to Europe by returning explorers after their discovery of the New World, plants in the genus Cucurbita are important sources of human food and oil.  Other kinds of gourd, also called bottle-gourds, are native to Africa and belong to the genus Lagenaria, which is in the same family and subfamily as Cucurbita but in a different tribe.  These other gourds are used as utensils or vessels, and their young fruits are eaten much like those of Cucurbita species.  Most Cucurbita species are herbaceous vines that grow several meters in length and have tendrils, but non-vining "bush" cultivars of C. pepo and C. maxima have also been developed.  The yellow or orange flowers on a Cucurbita plant are of two types:  female and male.  The female flowers produce the fruit and the male flowers produce pollen.  Many North and Central American species are visited by specialist bee pollinators, but other insects with more general feeding habits such as honey bees also visit.  The fruits of the genus Cucurbita are good sources of several nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, and iron, and like all plant products are free of cholesterol.  The plants contain the toxins cucurbitin, cucurmosin, and cucurbitacin.  There is some disagreement about how to handle the taxonomy of the genus; the number of species accepted by different specialists varies from 13 to 30.  In addition, the ancestry of some of the species that have been cultivated for millennia is uncertain.  The five domesticated species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, C. ficifolia, C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo.  All of these can be treated as winter squash because the full-grown fruits can be stored for months; however, C. pepo includes some cultivars that are better used only as summer squash.  Cucurbita fruits have played a role in human culture for at least 2,000 years.  They are often represented in Moche ceramics from Peru.  After Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World, paintings of squashes started to appear in Europe early in the sixteenth century.  Among other uses, extracts are used in cosmetics for dry and sensitive skin.  The fruits have many culinary uses including pumpkin pie, biscuits, bread, desserts, puddings, beverages, and soups.  Pumpkins and other Cucurbita fruits are celebrated in festivals and in flower and vegetable shows in many countries.  Read more and see pictures at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita

Paraphrase from The Island Walkers, a novel by John Bemrose  Putting knowledge into words, it was exciting and liberating to see years of experience transformed, almost effortlessly, into the currency of language.


A good average walking speed is 3 to 4 miles per hour and depends on your leg length and how quickly you can move your legs.  A 150-pound man burns 100 calories per mile; a 200-pound man burns 133 calories per mile; and a 250-pound man burns 166 calories per mile.  You burn virtually the same number of calories whether you run or walk a mile.  You burn more calories:  when the temperature is cold compared with hot because your body works harder to keep you warm; when it's humid and warm than dry and cool in an attempt to stay cool; when the terrain is hilly than when it's flat because it requires more energy to climb hills; and when you wear heavy, restrictive clothing compared with workout gear.  http://www.medicinenet.com/walking/page5.htm

Restoring the Long-Lost Sounds of Native American California by Leah Rose  In November 2015, researchers at UC Berkeley will begin a three-year project to restore and translate thousands of century-old audio recordings of Native California Indians.  The collection was created by cultural anthropologists in the first half of the 20th century and is now considered the largest audio repository of California Indian culture in the world.  Nearly a third of the 2,713 recordings come from Ishi, the storied last member of the Yahi tribe who lived the last years of his life inside the University of California’s Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology.  Read more and see graphics at

A RIDDLE WRAPPED IN AN ENIGMA  In August 2015, the U.S. government’s National Security Agency (NSA) released a major policy statement on the need to develop standards for post-quantum cryptography (PQC).  The NSA believes that the time is right to make a major push to design public-key cryptographic protocols whose security depends on hard problems that cannot be solved efficiently by a quantum computer.  See 20-page paper at https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1018.pdf


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1376  November 11, 2015  On this date in 1918,  Germany signed an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car in the forest of CompiĂšgne, France.  The fighting officially ended at 11:00 a.m., (the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month) and this is commemorated annually with a two minute silence.  World War I officially ended on the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919.  Veterans Day is an official United States public holiday, observed annually on November 11, that honors military veterans--persons who served in the United States Armed Forces.  It coincides with other holidays, including Armistice Day and Remembrance Day.  The U.S. previously observed Armistice Day, and the holiday was renamed Veterans Day in 1954.  Word of the Day:  Catch-22  noun   A difficult situation from which there is no escape because it involves mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.   On this day in 1961, Joseph Heller's book Catch-22 was published.

Monday, November 9, 2015

October 24, 2015  It is easy to take internet access for granted in the developed world.  But getting online in many developing countries is still tough or impossible due to a permutation of poverty, government neglect or infrastructure challenges.  One of the near-term solutions may be the effective splintering of the internet into bite-sized chunks.  If people can’t have all of it at once, maybe they can get it in more easily deliverable pieces.  It is a trend that offers hope of improved access, but the so-called Splinternet will also create challenges for regulators in countries where governments keep a close eye on communications for reasons of security or social standards.  One of the pioneers is LibraryBox, an open-source hardware and software project put together by Jason Griffey, a fellow at Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society.  The box is a low-powered Wi-Fi router that can be run from a solar panel, battery or even a bicycle charger.  Users can copy material from the internet, including entire websites, on to an attachable USB stick, then broadcast it to nearby users.  Peter Nowak  


Dr Anne Toner believes she has identified the earliest use of the ellipsis in English drama, pinning it down to a 1588 edition of the Roman dramatist Terence’s play, Andria, which had been translated into English by Maurice Kyffin and printed by Thomas East, and in which hyphens, rather than dots, mark incomplete utterances by the play’s characters.   Dr Toner believes this 1588 edition of Roman dramatist Terence’s Andria is the first time the ellipsis appeared in print in English.  Although there are instances of ellipses occurring in letters around the same time, this is the earliest printed version found by Toner following her chronological research into the earliest dramas in print.   “This was a brilliant innovation,” she writes in Ellipsis in English Literature: Signs of Omission, a history of the use of dots, dashes and asterisks to mark a silence of some kind, published by Cambridge University Press.  “There is no play printed before Kyffin’s Andria and listed in WW Greg’s Bibliography of English Printed Drama that marks unfinished sentences in this way.  This is not to say that these were the first ellipses in English print.  There are appearances of the mark earlier in the 1580s. Henry Woudhuysen has identified dashes in letters printed in 1580 and 1585, where in both cases the mark occurs as part of an informal, conversational style.”  But drama was “especially important” in the evolution of the ellipsis, according to Toner, being the literary form “that is connected in the most concentrated way with speech as it is spoken”.  And after its appearance in the 1588 Andria, the punctuation mark quickly caught on.  “It’s interesting to think about whose idea it was to use what turned out to be a very useful resource … was it the translator of the Terence play, or the printer?   By the 18th century, said Toner, it “becomes very common in print, and blanking starts to be used as a means of avoiding libel laws”, with series of dots starting to be seen in English works, as well as hyphens and dashes, to mark an ellipsis.  Alison Flood  http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/20/unfinished-story-how-the-ellipsis-arrived-in-english-literature

History of semaphore flags   Optical “telegraphs” or signaling devices have been traced back to ancient times (using torches) and were the fastest systems to convey messages over long distances.  These “telegraphs” could have since been in the form of torches, smoke signals and eventually semaphore towers.  Semaphore towers used large blades/paddles to convey messages.  Messages were decoded based on the fixed positions of these arms and could transmit signals up to 150 miles in two minutes using multiple towers.  The semaphore tower/semaphore line design was first thought up by Robert Hooke in 1684 and submitted to the Royal Society.   The system was not implemented though due to military concerns.  However, this did lead to Claude Chappe developing the first visual telegraph in 1792--eventually covering much of France via 556 stations.  These visual messaging systems eventually led to semaphore flags. These flags were used in the same way that the arms were used on the semaphore towers--different fixed positions mean different messages.  Semaphore flags were primarily used for naval applications to communicate message between boats.  Today these flags have become smaller and are usually mounted to small dowels or poles to allow them to be seen easier.  Maritime use flags are red and yellow (or the OSCAR) flag and while in land use, the flags are blue and white (or the PAPA) flag.  Even though they are not in use much anymore, they still serve for some boats and ships.  There were two critical downfalls of all the systems:  They had no secrecy.  Everyone within visual distances could see the message and therefore react to it.  They were practically invisible at night time and during heavy fog and rain.  Both of these reasons lead to the electrical telegraph and Morse Code, both “invented” by Samuel F.B. Morse.  So, the next thing you know, we went to electrical telegraphs, pony express, telephone, radio, television, computers, fax machines, satellite televisions, cellular phones and the internet.  See pictures of positions representing the alphabet at https://flagexpressions.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/history-behind-semaphore-flags/

adhere, cohere  These words have related meanings, as is suggested by their common Latin root (here, from haerere), which implies sticking or clinging together.  One object adheres to another through the use of glue; a person adheres to a belief, a cause, a religion, or a political party.  Cohere suggests the sticking together of items already present and the logical or natural connection of ideas and objects 

Jicama is an underground vegetable that can be eaten raw or cooked.  Great served with lime juice and can be used as a "cracker" for dips or with a topping, or used in stir fry.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcKbALW6gUY  7:59  
How to Prepare Jicama  Jicama is related to the sweet potato and is a crunchy juicy root vegetable similar to water chestnut.  In this video, Nutritionist Karen Roth shares the health benefits of jicama and how to prepare it.

Andrew Luck Book Club--the Indianapolis Colts quarterback is the NFL’s unofficial librarian as he constantly recommends books to his teammates by Kevin Clark   It’s possible no group of players in the league is more dependent on one individual than the other 52 members of the Indianapolis roster.  They’ve even come to depend on Luck when choosing what books to read.  “He’s always saying ‘I read this great book,’ ” said backup quarterback Matt Hasselbeck.  “He’s recommended books on concrete architecture, Rob Lowe’s autobiography or ‘Mountains Beyond Mountains,’” a 2003 account of a doctor working to fight tuberculosis.  In the same way that Oprah Winfrey has become known for vaulting books she likes to popularity across the country, Luck can make his favorite reads become the talk of the Colts locker room.  Some of the books he recommends are for inspiration, players say, if a teammate is going through a tough time.  Others are passed on simply because Luck enjoyed leafing through them.  “He’s a voracious reader and he likes talking about it,” said center Khaled Holmes, a beneficiary of Luck’s penchant for recommending his favorite titles.  Luck recently completed “The Hundred-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared,” by Swedish author Jonas Jonasson, a novel about a man’s adventures after bailing on his own birthday party.  Luck felt so good about it he immediately gave his copy to Holmes.  “He just read it and he thought it was really funny,” Holmes said.  In the NFL, where locker-room chatter usually centers on videogames or hip-hop music, Luck has forged a reputation as the Colts’ very own librarian.  Luck gets many recommendations from his mother, Kathy, and the best ones, or titles that will appeal to specific players, get passed on to his teammates.  Luck's passion for literature means conversations in the Colts locker room often veer into unexpected territory.  Before a training camp practice in August, when players say chitchat is at its highest, Luck asked a group of teammates what, exactly, they knew about the Napoleonic wars.  “That was a first,” said Hasselbeck.  Luck, who majored in architectural design at Stanford, and Holmes, who took classes in the classics at Southern California, have ongoing discussions about Homer and other classic writers.  


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1375  November 9, 2015  On this date in 1620, Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sighted land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.  On this date in 1664,  Henry Wharton, English librarian and author, was born.  

Friday, November 6, 2015

Users of Google’s voice-control features such as OK Google are probably aware that the company stores the voice recordings it receives when they talk to it.  But it’s still a bit of a shock to be confronted with a list of all the recordings the company has ever made of you.  Google’s voice and audio activity page isn’t promoted heavily by the company, and visiting it gives a hint as to why.  If you have (or have ever had) an Android phone with Google’s “OK Google” voice-control system, the page should show a list of every command you have ever given it--replete with a little play button next to it.  The feature is one of a number of attempts by the company to demystify its data-collection service.  Similarly, Google offers a location history, showing users any location the company has tracked them to, through apps such as Google Maps as well as simply using an Android phone.  That’s not to say the company doesn’t have good reasons.  If you use voice control on a Google product, you’ve benefited from the fact that it stores your voice, both in aggregate (the large amount of data it harvests from users allows it to improve recognition) and in particular (by learning your specific voice, it can get better at recognising it).  And if you use the services, you have already opted in to storing your data once (though you may not remember doing so).  Turning voice Activity off doesn’t stop Google storing your recordings, but it means they get kept with an anonymous identifier, and can’t be easily linked back to your account.  If you want to stop Google recording your voice at all, well, there’s only one solution:  stop talking to it.  Alex Hern  http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/oct/13/google-voice-activity-listen-delete-recordings

November 22, 1963 began as an ordinary Friday.  Leonard Bernstein, Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, was at Philharmonic Hall in a script meeting with Jack Gottlieb and producer Roger Englander for an episode of the New York Philharmonic Young People’s Concerts, scheduled to be broadcast the next day.  In the office next door, Howard Keresey, the Philharmonic librarian, heard a news report of the shooting and immediately called in Gottlieb.  Behind the closed door of the meeting room, they could hear Gottlieb say, “Shot!  What do you mean shot?  Shot dead?”  Bernstein tried to maintain order in the meeting by urging his staff, “We must go on . . . life goes on,” but within minutes he realized, “we can’t go on.”  According to Bernstein, everyone then “huddled around the radio to learn whether the shot had been fatal.”  George Szell was scheduled to conduct an all-Beethoven program at an afternoon subscription concert.  The concert had already commenced when the call came through with news of the death of President Kennedy.  Immediately after Beethoven’s Leonore Overture No. 3,  the Orchestra’s manager, Carlos Moseley walked on stage to convey the tragic news to the audience.  George Szell led the audience in a moment of silence and the rest of the program was cancelled.  On Sunday, November 24, 1963, two days after the assassination, Leonard Bernstein conducted the New York Philharmonic and the Schola Cantorum of New York in a nationally televised JFK memorial featuring Mahler's Resurrection Symphony--not the Brahms Requiem.  The performance featured soloists Lucina Amara (soprano), and Jennie Tourel (mezzo-soprano).  This was the first televised performance of the complete symphony.  Indeed, Mahler’s music had never been performed for such an event.  The more common practice would have been to perform a requiem, or, as George Szell did for the remaining Philharmonic concerts that weekend—replace the overture with the funeral march from Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, Eroica and ask that the audience members not applaud after the movement’s final bars.  Here is a small part of Leonard Berstein's remarks:  "This will be our reply to violence:  to make music more intensely, more beautifully, more devotedly than ever before."  The following month, on December 10, 1963 in Tel Aviv, Bernstein’s next major work, the Kaddish Symphony, had its world premiere performance with the Israel Philharmonic.  Bernstein dedicated his Symphony:  “To the beloved memory of John F. Kennedy.”  The American premiere occurred on January 10, 1964, with Charles Munch and the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Symphony Hall, near Kennedy’s hometown of Brookline Massachusetts.  Ever since Bernstein’s riveting tribute to JFK, Mahler’s symphonies have become a musical symbol for national mourning.  On June 8, 1968, Bernstein conducted the Adagietto from Mahler's Symphony No. 5 at JFK’s brother Robert’s funeral at Saint Patrick’s Cathedral.  Pierre Boulez also performed the Adagietto on March 28, 1969, the day President Dwight D. Eisenhower died.  On September 10, 2011, conductor Alan Gilbert directed the New York Philharmonic in a memorial of the 9/11 terrorist attacks with Mahler's Second Symphony, the same piece performed by Bernstein in memory of JFK.  Bernstein’s powerful antiphon against hatred remained unknown until 1982 when it was published in “Findings,” a personal self-portrait containing essays, letters, and other writings on a variety of subjects.  http://www.leonardbernstein.com/response_to_violence.htm
                                                               
Almost one of every three Miami-Dade County residents living in poverty is under 18, according to the Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources.  Many schools face high dropout rates, after-school programs are being eliminated and students are failing.  Those at-risk children are ones that Chad Bernstein is trying to help through his nonprofit, Guitars Over Guns.  Bernstein says:  "I've built my life on how important the feeling I get from playing music is.  And I thought that that was the end-all, be-all feeling, that being on stage and performing was the thing for me.  Then I saw a kid have that experience through our program, and it changed everything.  There's an amazing sense of pride when I see a kid experience that feeling on stage, where they've connected with an audience or they get a round of applause because they've worked really hard and have a great performance.  It's an incredible feeling.  I was really fortunate to have the opportunities that I did to learn music.  And part of me feels very responsible to provide those opportunities for other people, because there were people along the way in my path and my musical journey that helped me.  My hopes for the children that we work with are that their vision of the world and their vision of themselves is changed in some way, that they hold themselves to more than other people might, and that they realize there's a whole world out there that they could very much be a part of that isn't necessarily the one right outside their doorstep."  Marissa Calhoun  http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/cnnheroes-bernstein/

The id, ego, and superego are names for the three parts of the human personality which are part of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic personality theory.  According to Freud, these three parts combine to create the complex behavior of human beings.  The id is the most basic part of the personality, and wants instant gratification for our wants and needs.  If these needs or wants are not met, a person becomes tense or anxious.  The ego deals with reality, trying to meet the desires of the id in a way that is socially acceptable in the world.  This may mean delaying gratification, and helping to get rid of the tension the id feels if a desire is not met right away.  The superego develops last, and is based on morals and judgments about right and wrong.  Even though the superego and the ego may reach the same decision about something, the superego’s reason for that decision is more based on moral values, while the ego’s decision is based more on what others will think or what the consequences of an action could be.  http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-id-ego-and-superego.html

A hanger steak is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor.  Derived from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer, it typically weighs about 1.0 to 1.5 lb (450 to 675 g).  This cut is part of the from the plate steak, which indicates the lower belly of the animal.  Hanger steak resembles flank steak in texture and flavor.  It is a vaguely V-shaped pair of muscles with a long, inedible membrane down the middle.  The hanger steak is usually the most tender cut on an animal and is best marinated and cooked quickly over high heat (grilled or broiled) and served rare or medium rare, to avoid toughness.  Occasionally seen on menus as a "bistro steak", hanger steak is also very traditional in Mexican cuisine, particularly in the north, where it is known as arrachera, and is generally marinated, grilled, and served with a squeeze of lime juice, guacamole, salsa, and tortillas to roll tacos.  In South Texas, this cut of beef is known as fajitas arracheras.  In Britain, it is referred to as "skirt," not to be confused with the American skirt steak.  In French, it is known as the onglet, in Italian the lombatello, in Flanders the kroaie, and in Spanish the solomillo de pulmĂłn.  Its U.S. meat-cutting classification is NAMP 140.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanger_steak


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1374  November 6, 2015  On this date in 1856, Scenes of Clerical Life, the first work of fiction by the author later known as George Eliot, was submitted for publication.  On this date in 1935,  Parker Brothers acquired the forerunner patents for Monopoly from Elizabeth Magie.  Magie (1866–1948) invented The Landlord's Game, the precursor to Monopoly, to illustrate teachings of the progressive era economist Henry George.