The voyage of Columbus in 1492 set in motion exploration and exploitation of new territory. Pope Alexander VI in 1493 granted Spain dominion over all lands, discovered or undiscovered, in the New World. On his second voyage in 1493, Columbus returned to the Islands of Hispaniola and Cuba with livestock, including horses, to establish settlements on the islands. It was decreed that all Spanish ships that followed would carry more livestock. By 1514, Cuba was under the full control of the Spanish. Under the expertise of these settlers, Iberian horses bred and flourished on the islands. Expeditions that sought out new lands and treasures brought horses with them from the islands. The earliest exploratory expeditions went to Mexico in 1517 (Cordóba) and 1518 (Grijalva), but did not bring horses. In April of 1519, Cortés set out to discover more about Mexico, mostly in search of gold. He brought along 16 horses. By June of that year, he established the settlement of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. It took only 2 years for Cortés and his men to conquer the Aztecs. During this time, Cortés received reinforcements and supplies, including more horses from Cuba. Over the next few decades, more Spanish settlers came to the Mexican mainland bringing with them livestock from the Islands. Many of them moved southward and inland to establish new settlements. From 1535-1542, explorers with Francisco de Coronado reached as far north as areas that are now in Arizona and New Mexico, including the Grand Canyon, and into Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. The Spanish ranchers ran their livestock much as they did back in Spain, with free ranging livestock that they would round up as needed. The horses were able to breed freely. Natural selection rather than artificial selected breeding has resulted in the horses we now know as the Galiceño Horse. http://galiceno.org/history-of-horses-in-the-americas.html
With its beautifully foreboding art deco exterior, Singapore’s Parkview Square office building has earned the nicknames “Gotham” and “Batman building” among locals. But one step inside its lobby will reveal a warm, ornate space filled with red carpets, leather booths, and a giant golden tower. The 26-foot tall tower is actually a gin library containing 1,300 varieties from all over the world. The library is part of Atlas, a bar that opened inside Parkview in 2017. Visitors and workers (the building is home various organizations, including the embassies for Mongolia, Austria, and the United Arab Emirates) can sip gins from regions as far-ranging as Bolivia, Belgium, and Japan, and dating back as far as 1910. Doubling down on its Gilded Age vibe, the bar’s cocktail menu revolves heavily around gin and champagne. Prior to Atlas, the space served as a wine bar with an unusual twist: The bartender, dressed as a fairy, would “fly” via a wire mechanism to retrieve bottles in the tower. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/atlas-bar-singapore
Money laundering is not the oldest crime in the book but it’s certainly close. Historian Sterling Seagrave has written that more than 2000 years ago, the wealthy Chinese merchants laundered their profits because the regional governments banned many forms of commercial trading. He writes that the government considers merchant activities with a great amount of suspicion as they were considered to be ruthless, greedy and they follow different rules. Besides this a considerable amount of the income of merchants came from black marketing, extortion and bribe. The merchants who remained invisible were able to keep their wealth safe from the continuous extortions by bureaucrats. So they used techniques like converting money into readily movable assets and moving the cash out of the jurisdiction in order to invest the money in the business. According to legend, the term money laundering was originated in 1920’s during the period of prohibition in the United States. The organized criminals in the United States got greatly involved in the profitable alcohol smuggling industry and for legalizing their profits they started combining their profits with the profits from legislative business. Money laundering can be broadly defined as the process of disguising the financial earnings of the crime. The U.S Custom Service defines “money laundering is the legitimization of proceeds from the illegal activity”. And the International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines money laundering as a “process in which assets generated or obtained by criminal activities are concealed or moved to create a link between the crime and the assets which is difficult to understand.” Read much more at https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/commercial-law/the-early-history-of-money-laundering-commercial-law-essay.php
If you find the prospect of mushroom foraging daunting, Laetiporus sulphureus might be a good place to start. Considered by some experts to be one of the “foolproof four,” this fungus’s bright-orange, multi-layered appearance makes it easy to identify. Even better: Inside its velvety tiers is a meaty flesh that tastes like chicken. Nicknamed “the chicken of the woods,” the mushroom is a favorite among vegetarians. Since it cannot be consumed raw, chefs find many creative ways to incorporate the mushroom’s fruiting body into dishes. Read cautions at https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/chicken-of-the-woods-mushroom
September 17, 2020 John Mennell was partnering on a project fighting hunger in the mid-1990s when he developed a similar idea for literacy. Since then, the Ohio Literacy Bank was developed. For the past year, the nonprofit has distributed magazines via a newsstand at the Food Pantry Network of Licking County, allowing families who are receiving food to also receive literary nourishment. Mennell said the Ohio Literacy Bank also recently formed a partnership with local Barnes and Noble bookstores, where volunteers can pick up boxed unsold magazines to be used in the program. According to the founder, they also receive magazines through a partnership with the magazine Highlights, through donations and from publishers. He hopes the literacy bank located in Johnstown will be the first of a nationwide network of literacy banks. "Literacy is a root cause of hunger," Mennell said. "Reading is where it all begins. Everything about an individual's capabilities, their education, their ability to learn and to be productive is tied to learning how to read. Michaela Sumner To volunteer or to make a donation, visit magliteracy.org/literacybank/. https://www.newarkadvocate.com/story/news/2020/09/17/johnstown-based-literacy-bank-nourishes-minds-magazines/5805829002/
Best City Chicken by Jennifer I grew up in northeast Ohio and this was my all time favorite dish when I was little . . . now I make it, and my family loves it too! I like to use all pork for my city chicken; however tradition is to use pork and veal combined. The grocery stores around me sell a pack of cubed pork with the wood skewers already in the pack specifically for city chicken, so you may want to look for that first. But, if you can't find that, then cubing your own pork will work fine.
An inglenook (Modern Scots ingleneuk), or chimney corner, is a recess that adjoins a fireplace. The word comes from ingle, meaning "fireplace" in Old English (from Old Scots or Irish aingeal, "angel" or euphemistically "fire"), and nook. The inglenook originated as a partially enclosed hearth area, appended to a larger room. The hearth was used for cooking, and its enclosing alcove became a natural place for people seeking warmth to gather. With changes in building design, kitchens became separate rooms, while inglenooks were retained in the living space as intimate warming places, subsidiary spaces within larger rooms. Inglenooks were prominent features of shingle style architecture and characteristic of Arts and Crafts architecture but began to disappear with the advent of central heating. Prominent American architects who employed the feature included Greene and Greene, Henry Hobson Richardson, and Frank Lloyd Wright. Find uses in popular culture at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglenook
The book lovers of Appledore, a picturesque fishing village on the north Devon coast, are a resourceful, determined lot. When their library faced closure 14 years ago, they helped save it by launching a literary festival, which grew and developed year by year into one of the most popular cultural events in the south-west of England. And when the 2020 Appledore book festival was threatened with cancellation because of the Covid crisis, they came up with the bold idea of holding a coronavirus-secure drive-in event, believed to be the first in the UK. If they are not distracted by the stunning views of the sea, they will hear the wise words of science writers, novelists and environmentalists relayed into their cars via their vehicles’ radios. There is even a drive-through Waterstones bookshop for fans to pick up copies of books signed by the authors as they leave. Steven Morris See pictures at https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/sep/18/talegate-appledore-beats-covid-to-keep-book-festival-alive
Sometimes humans struggle to find the words to convey the sheer depth of their love for one another. Leave it to Sam McBratney's Little Nutbrown Hare and Big Nutbrown Hare in Guess How Much I Love You to show us the way. They love each other as high as they can hop, they love each other across the river and over the hills, and finally, all the way up to the sky. McBratney died at his home in County Antrim, Ireland surrounded by family on September 18, 2020 according to his publisher, Walker Books. He was 77. With illustrations by Anita Jeram, Guess How Much I Love You was published in 1994. The now-classic story of two bunnies who try to outdo each other with their affections was translated into 57 languages and sold millions of copies worldwide. Elizabeth Blair https://www.npr.org/2020/09/22/915633569/guess-how-much-i-love-you-author-sam-mcbratney-dies-at-77
http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com Issue 2261 September 23, 2020
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