Wednesday, November 16, 2016

Aphorism is a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner.  The term is often applied to philosophical, moral and literary principles.  To qualify as an aphorism, it is necessary for a statement to contain a truth revealed in a terse manner.  Aphoristic statements are quoted in writings as well as in our daily speech.  The fact that they contain a truth gives them a universal acceptance.  Find examples at http://literarydevices.net/aphorism/

Most people recognize aphorisms like "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm," from Ralph Waldo Emerson, and its seeming opposite, "Intense feeling too often obscures the truth," from Harry Truman.  James Geary, the editor of the compendium Geary's Guide to the World's Great Aphorists, says the aphorism is the oldest and the shortest literary art form on the planet.  But what qualifies as an aphorism?  Geary says that he has five laws:  "It must be brief.  It must be definitive.  It must be personal—that's the difference between an aphorism and a proverb. It must be philosophical—that's the difference between an aphorism and a platitude, which is not philosophical," he says.  "And the fifth law is it must have a twist.  And that can be either a linguistic twist or a psychological twist or even a twist in logic that somehow flips the reader into a totally unexpected place."  Read an excerpt of 'Guide to the World's Great Aphorists' at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14899836

THE COLOR HELIOTROPE  Heliotrope is a pink-purple tint that is a representation of the color of the heliotrope flower.  The first recorded use of heliotrope as a color name in English was in 1882.  The first recorded use of heliotrope gray as a color name in English was in 1912.  The first recorded use of old helio (old heliotrope) as a color name in English was in 1926.  Find a list of heliotrope in culture at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope_(color)

THE FLOWER HELIOTROPE Common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) is a fragrant, woody perennial, native to South America.  It was introduced into greenhouse culture in Europe in 1757 after travellers discovered it in Peru.  Hence, it's sometimes listed and sold as H. peruvianum.  By the nineteenth century, heliotrope was used extensively for bedding plants and as standards.  It was nicknamed the "cherry pie plant" because its fragrance supposedly resembles the aroma of a freshly baked  cherry pie.  A few species are so fragrant that they are grown in Europe to make perfume.  According to Mary Cashman, a garden specialist with White Flower Farm in Litchfield, Connecticut, heliotrope is an underused plant that's easy to care for and does well in most parts of the country except the Deep South, where high humidity limits best growth.  A member of the borage family, common heliotrope is one of about 250 Heliotropium species, but it is the only one widely grown in gardens.  All are tropical or subtropical shrubs or subshrubs (a somewhat woody plant sometimes grown and used as a shrub or perennial).  Common heliotrope grows 2 to 3 feet high; some varieties are a compact 10 inches.  Tiny, star-shaped flowers of deep blue, purple, lavender, or white come in tightly packed spikes that develop into rounded, 2- to 4-inch-diameter clusters.  Hairy and veined 1- to 3-inch leaves have a purplish cast.  All parts of the plant are toxic.  http://garden.org/learn/articles/view/74/

Paraphrases from The Elegance of the Hedgehog, a novel by Muriel Barbery  False lucidity comes with age.  Cats are mobile decorative objects.  Eyes  may perceive, but not observe.    

Muriel Barbery (born 1969) is a French novelist and professor of philosophy.  Barbery was born in Casablanca, Morocco but her parents left when she was only two months old.  Her novel L'Élégance du hérisson (translated into English by Alison Anderson as The Elegance of the Hedgehog) topped the French best-seller lists for 30 consecutive weeks and was reprinted 50 times.  By May 2008 it had sold more than a million copies.  It has been a bestseller in France, Italy, Germany, Spain, South Korea, and in many other countries.  It concerns the inhabitants of a small upper-class Paris apartment block, notably its crypto-intellectual concierge, Renée. She and Paloma, the likewise intellectual (even radical) teenage daughter of a resident family, narrate the book in turn.  Renée also features briefly in Barbery's first novel, Une Gourmandise, which appeared in Anderson's English translation as Gourmet Rhapsody in 2009. The Elegance of the Hedgehog was also turned into a film called Le Hérisson (in English The Hedgehog), directed by Mona Achache.  It was released in 2009.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Barbery  See John Lichfield's 2015 interview with Muriel Barbery at http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/muriel-barbery-reclusive-writer-of-the-elegance-of-the-hedgehog-returns-after-eight-year-hibernation-10114581.html

Something that is biannual occurs twice every year.  Something that is biennial (1) occurs once every two years, or (2) exists or last for two years.  http://grammarist.com/usage/biannual-biennial/

Equinoxes and solstices are biannual.  See Earth’s Seasons - Equinoxes and Solstices - 2016-2025 from the U.S. Naval Observatory at https://www.weather.gov/media/ind/seasons.pdf 

Biennials in the garden are flowering plants that have a two-year biological cycle.  Biennial plant growth begins with seeds that produce the root structure, stems and leaves (as well as food storage organs) during the first growing season.  A short stem and low basal rosette of leaves form and remains through the winter months.  During the biennial’s second season, biennial plant growth completes with the formation of flowers, fruit and seeds.  The stem of the biennial will elongate or “bolt.”  Following this second season, many biennials reseed and then the plant usually dies.  What may be grown as a biennial in Portland, Oregon, with a fairly temperate climate, would likely be treated as an annual in Portland, Maine, which has far more severe temperature extremes.  Examples of biennial plants are:  beets, Swiss chard, parsley, carrots, celery and onions.  Read more at http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/biennial-plant-information.htm

Famous residents of Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery  Green-Wood has more than 560,000 permanent residents, including Leonard Bernstein, Boss Tweed, Charles Ebbets, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Louis Comfort Tiffany, Horace Greeley, Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Henry Ward Beecher, baseball legends, politicians, artists, entertainers, inventors, and Civil War generals and other veterans.  http://www.green-wood.com/2010/famous-residents/

Green-Wood Cemetery, founded in 1838, is located in Greenwood Heights, Brooklyn, several blocks southwest of Prospect Park, between Park Slope, Windsor Terrace, Borough Park, Kensington, and Sunset Park.  The gates of the cemetery were designated a New York City landmark in 1966, and the Weir Greenhouse, used as a visitor's center, in 1982.  The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 and was granted National Historic Landmark status in 2006 by the U.S. Department of the Interior.  The Fort Hamilton Parkway Gate and the cemetery's chapel were designated as landmarks by New York City in 2016.  Inspired by Pére Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where a cemetery in a naturalistic park-like landscape in the English manner was first established, Green-Wood was able to take advantage of the varied topography provided by glacial moraines.  See pictures and list of notable burials at Green-Wood Cemetery at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery

November 4, 2016  Tough times are falling on a library in Russia.  Last October, the Library of Ukrainian Literature in Moscow, was raided by the police.  They arrested the library director, Natalia Sharina.  Her trial started this week, on Nov. 2.   Sharina is accused of “inciting ethnic hatred and humiliating human dignity,” as well as embezzling 3.5 million rubles (about $54,500) from the library to pay her legal fees.  The librarian has pleaded not guilty.  “I do not understand the charge and so I do not feel any guilt,” Sharina said in court.  The prosecution said that Sharina, 59, had procured Ukrainian books, brochures, and a CD for the library that were on a list of banned “extremist” literature, as well as titles deemed “degrading” to Russians.  Her lawyer, though, said that they had witnesses who would testify to seeing the police planting the banned books in question when they arrived to search the library.  The library is funded by the Russian government, and has about 60,000 Ukrainian-language books, according to the International Business Times.  Employees joke that they see the Russia’s Federal Security Service, the FSB, more often than actual library patrons.  The visits and raids reflect ongoing tensions between Russia and Ukraine and are part of what some see as an “information war” within Russia over Ukrainian books and culture.  Sharina faces a decade in jail if she is found guilty.  She’s currently under house arrest.  Thu-Houng Ha  http://qz.com/827818/library-director-natalia-sharina-is-on-trial-in-moscow-for-lending-banned-extremist-ukrainian-boo  Thank you, Muse reader!

Oxford dictionary editors have chosen their word of the year:  "post-truth," a term sometimes used to describe the current political climate.  Oxford Dictionaries said that use of the term rose 2,000 percent between 2015 and 2016, often in discussions of Britain's decision to leave the European Union and the campaign of U.S. President-elect Donald Trump.  It's often used in the phrase "post-truth politics" and is defined as belonging to a time in which truth has become irrelevant.  Each year, Oxford University Press tracks how the English language is changing and chooses a word that reflects the mood of the year.  Runners-up for 2016 include "Brexiteer," an advocate of the U.K. leaving the EU; the extreme conservative movement known as the "alt-right"; and "hygge," the Danish concept of domestic coziness.


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1551  November 16, 2016  On this date in 1715, Girolamo Abos, Maltese-Italian composer and educator, was born.  On this date in 1851, Minnie Hauk, American soprano and actress, was born.  Thought for the Day:  Remember, when the judgment's weak, the prejudice is strong. - Kane O'Hara, (1711/1712-1782)  Kane O'Hara was an Irish musician, and author of several burlettas or comic operas.  He attained a foremost position in Dublin, and was elected the Vice-President of the Musical Academy in 1758.  Next year appeared his burletta of "Midas," written to throw ridicule on Italian operas, and shortly afterwards "Golden Pippin" and other pieces.  O'Hara also dabbled in art.  http://www.libraryireland.com/biography/KaneOHara.php

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