Constitution of the United States - Preamble, Articles & Summary http://constitution.findlaw.com/articles.html  U.S. Constitutional Amendments  http://constitution.findlaw.com/amendments.html

Who Invented Bobby Pins by Marc Zorn   Bobby pins were invented during the flapper era that happened after World War I.  The bobbed hair that was being worn needed to be held in to place.  Luis Marcus, who invented the Bobby pins, originally sold them as a pair $0.35.  At one point, he was going to name his new invention the Marcus pin.  In the end, however, he decided that naming it after bobbed hair was a better marketing solution.  Other inventions discussed in the article:  (1)  Gutenberg developed the printing press around the year 1440.  By the year 1600, Gutenberg press had created over 200 million new books.  (2)  Magnetic compasses were originally invented in China and replaced astronomical navigation by the 14th century.  Because people were able to know where they were going, it allowed for exploration across the oceans and the ability for cultures to interact with each other when they previously would have been isolated.  (3)  As for the invention of steel, there is evidence that humans have created this alloy for almost 4000 years.  It wasn’t until the 1850s, however, that it began to be mass-produced. Eventually steel became the foundation of the industrial age.  (4)  Thomas Edison might not have invented the light bulb, but he certainly made it commercially feasible.  The first long-lasting light bulbs were invented in 1879 and it only took a year for many societies to start implementing electric lighting so that streets didn’t have to be dark at night.   http://www.visionlaunch.com/who-invented-bobby-pins/

About Create® TV  More often called “ do-it-yourself”, the program genres seen on Create® TV include viewers' favorite public television series and specials on cooking, travel, home improvement, gardening, arts and crafts, and other lifestyle interests.  The programs seen on Create TV come from American Public Television, The National Educational Telecommunications Association (NETA) and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).  Create TV was launched in 2006 to serve viewers’ increasing interest in these “do-it-yourself” programs.  On any given day, Create treats home-improvement buffs to This Old House and Rough Cut — Woodworking with Tommy Mac. Food fans will feast on America’s Test Kitchen from Cook’s Illustrated, Lidia's Kitchen, Mexico - One Plate at a Time With Rick Bayless and Jacques Pépin:  More Fast Food My Way.  Wandering souls will find themselves captivated by Globe Trekker and Rick Steves’ Europe.  Budding artists and crafters will appreciate The Best of the Joy of Painting With Bob Ross and Knit & Crochet Now.  The majority of Create channels operate 24 hours daily.  http://createtv.com/about/

Voice box may refer to:  (1)  The larynx (plural larynges), colloquially known as the voice box, an organ in the neck of land vertebrates involved in protection of the trachea and (in some of them) sound production  (2)  A mechanical larynx, used by people who have lost their voice box due to disease or smoking-associated ailments  (3)  A talk box, a musical sound effects device that allows a musician to modify the sound of a musical instrument by changing the shape of the mouth  (4)  VoiceBox Technologies, a company focused on speech recognition and voice search  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_box

Kale is a member of the cabbage family (along with cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collard greens, and broccoli).  Curly kale, the most common type, has veiny, sturdy leaves with curly edges and thick stems.  Tuscan kale, also called lacinato, dinosaur, or black kale, is easiest to handle and quickest to cook, thanks to crinkled leaves that are smaller and more tender than leaves of curly kale.  Red kale has curly, frilly leaves; mauve-colored veins; and thick stems.  Find quick kale recipes at http://www.bonappetit.com/trends/article/kale

WHITE HOUSE RECONSTRUCTION:  1948-1952  During the Depression and war years of the Franklin Roosevelt administration, the White House's annual repair budget had been neglected.  With the approval of Congress, Roosevelt had made major additions to the West Wing and the East Wing to accommodate the fact that the office of the president and organizations that answer directly to him had grown enormously.  As a result, the West Wing was still overcrowded and lacked a cafeteria and a press theater.  When Harry Truman became president in 1945, he had detailed plans drawn up by Lorenzo Winslow to construct an addition on the south side of the West Wing that would satisfy its needs.  Although ground was broken and appropriations made by Congress, clumsy handling of the matter raised concerns on Capitol Hill (many felt Truman had sneaked the funding through) and among the public (many thought the mansion itself would be altered).  Despite Truman's efforts, the funding was recalled and withheld even after Winslow produced a reduced version of the plan in early 1946.  The main body of the mansion was found to be structurally unsound.  Floors no longer merely creaked; they swayed.  The president's bathtub was sinking into the floor.  A leg of Margaret's piano broke through the floor in what is today the Private Dining Room.  Engineers did a thorough examination and found plaster in a corner of the East Room sagging as much as 18 inches.  Wooden beams had been weakened by cutting and drilling for plumbing and wiring over 150 years, and the addition of the steel roof and full third floor in 1927 added weight the building could no longer handle.  They declared the whole house to be in imminent danger of collapse.  Plans were discussed to demolish the building and rebuild it to the same design, but in the end, Truman went to Congress and requested the funding to rebuild the White House from the inside out, leaving only the stout brick outer walls and the rebuild the interior largely on the same plan as the existing house—very much the way President James Madison had done in 1814.  The old interior of the Residence was dismantled, leaving the house as a shell with the two modern wings.  Some of the existing interior detail was saved, especially fireplace mantels.  Some of the scrap was sold as souvenirs.  http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1948.htm  See also https://www.trumanlibrary.org/abierowe/whitehse.htm

The only indigenous Pacific northwest marble that was used nationally, was quarried on a remote island in Southeast Alaska pan handle, near Ketchikan.  Most people would think of Marble Island as part of the Pacific Northwest inland passage rain forest, and it is that.  Geologists call these islands and land forms ''docked geology'', that is, these land masses were pushed in here from a long distances giving a lot mixing and stirring of materials.  Around 1900 many entrepreneurs looked to these stone deposits and started to quarry these stones for architectural use.  Today electricity is provided by oil-driven private generators on these remote islands, transportation to camp or town, is by boat.  As often happens one company came out on top of the struggle and developed quite a viable stone business in the end.  That was the Vermont Marble Company.  Eventually the VMC focused on marble deposits on Marble Island.  They built a camp where about 60 men lived for eight months a year, with a machine shop, and brought in the latest quarrying technology.  Cook houses, bunkhouses, a band, even a little golf course and Sunday services.  Five white marble quarries and one black marble quarry were opened.  About fifteen hundred perfect quarry blocks were shipped to San Francisco or Tacoma Washington to be sawed and polished for architectural building projects on good years.  This went on for about twenty five years.  http://stonecutter.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-alaska-marble-story.html  See also MARBLE RESOURCES OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA , a 118-page report from Department of the Interior at https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0682/report.pdf and http://www.sitnews.us/JuneAllen/AKCapitol/102004_alaska_capitol.html

July 21, 2016  The margins of a medieval manuscript from a convent in Naples, Italy, are decorated with doodles of what are apparently devils, a farm animal and a person that were likely drawn by children, a new study finds.  Children probably scribbled these doodles on the 14th-century manuscript a few hundred years after the book was made, said the study’s author, Deborah Thorpe, a research fellow at the Centre for Chronic Diseases and Disorders at the University of York in the United Kingdom.  The drawings—three in all—include two figures that look like devils and another of a person with a horse or a cow.  When child psychologists examined the illustrations, they said several clues suggested that children ages 4 to 6 years old probably drew them.  Laura Geggel  See graphics at http://www.livescience.com/55489-doodles-found-in-medieval-manuscript.html

The Future of Libraries  Besides lending books, the local institutions are training young journalists, renting garden plots and more by Emily Matchar   Libraries have been around for nearly 5,000 years.  Public libraries today are doing an enormous amount to meet 21st-century needs.  A recent contest sponsored by the Knight Foundation awarded shares of a $1.6 million prize to 14 winners who came up with the best, most innovative ideas for helping libraries better serve their changing communities.  Find a roundup of some of our favorite ideas from the contest, along with several other cool ways libraries are changing with the times at 

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/future-libraries-180959925/?no-ist  See also 14 projects win Knight News 2016 Challenge on Libraries at http://www.knightfoundation.org/blogs/knightblog/2016/6/23/knight-news-challenge-libraries-awards-16-million-support-innovative-ideas/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1507  August 3, 2016  On this date in 1946, Santa Claus Land, the world's first themed amusement park, opened in Santa Claus, Indiana.  On this date in 1949, the Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball League finalized the merger, that would create the National Basketball Association