August 28, 2013 marks the 50th anniversary of the
March on Washington and the inspirational "I Have a Dream” speech by Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. Fifty years ago,
more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington DC for a political rally
which became a key moment in the struggle for civil rights in the United
States. Dr. King inspired millions
across the world with the delivery of his famous speech on the steps of the
Lincoln Memorial. Note that there will be two
commemorative marches, one on Saturday, August 24 and one on Wednesday, August
28. Rachel Cooper
Find a guide to events, exhibits and attractions at:
Find interviews with participants and never-before-published pictures
from the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom at:
Official Program for the March on Washington
(1963)
On August 28, 1963, Mahalia Jackson took to the podium before an audience of 250,000 to
give the last musical performance before Dr. King's speech. Dr. King himself requested that she sing the
gospel classic "I've Been 'Buked, and I've Been Scorned." The story that has been told since that day
has Mahalia Jackson intervening at a critical junction when she decided King's
speech needed a course-correction. Recalling
a theme she had heard him use in earlier speeches, Jackson said out loud to
Martin Luther King, Jr., from behind the podium on the steps of the Lincoln
Memorial, "Tell them about the dream, Martin." And at that moment, as can be seen in films of
the speech, Dr. King leaves his prepared notes behind to improvise the entire
next section of his speech—the historic section that famously begins "And
so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a
dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in
the American dream...." http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mahalia-jackson-the-queen-of-gospel-puts-her-stamp-on-the-march-on-washington
flagship: A ship that
carries a fleet or squadron commander and bears the commander's flag. 2. The
chief one of a related group
flagstone: A flat slab
of stone used as a paving material. 2. An evenly layered sedimentary rock that
can be split into paving stones. www.thefreedictionary.com
2011 Language Mapper Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007-2011
American Community Survey, Table B16001 “The U.S. Census Bureau
released an interactive, online map pinpointing the wide array of languages
spoken in homes across the nation, along with a detailed report on rates of
English proficiency and the growing number of speakers of other
languages. The 2011 Language
Mapper shows where people speaking specific languages
other than English live, with dots representing how many people speak each of
15 different languages. The languages
available in the interactive map include Spanish, French, French Creole,
Italian, Portuguese, German, Russian, Polish, Persian, Chinese, Japanese,
Korean, Vietnamese, Tagalog and Arabic. After
selecting one of these languages from the menu, users will see a national
population density map, with each dot representing about 100 people who speak
the language at home placed where these speakers are concentrated. The map also allows users to zoom in to a
smaller geographic area, where each dot represents 10 people. https://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/language/data/language_map.html
YouTube was founded in 2005 by Chad Hurley,
Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim,
who were all early employees of PayPal. Prior to
PayPal, Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Chen and Karim studied computer
science together at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. YouTube's early headquarters were situated
above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed
as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. On July 23 and November 28, 2007, CNN and YouTube produced televised
presidential debates in which Democratic and Republican US presidential
hopefuls fielded questions submitted through YouTube. In November 2008, YouTube reached an
agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, allowing the
companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site,
accompanied by advertisements in a section for US viewers called
"Shows". The move was intended
to create competition with websites such as Hulu, which features
material from NBC, Fox, and Disney. In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service, which
is currently available only to users in the US, Canada and the UK. The service offers over 6,000 films. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming
of certain content, including 60 cricket matches of the Indian Premier League. In May 2010, it was reported that YouTube was
serving more than two billion videos a day, which it described as "nearly
double the prime-time audience of all three major US television networks
combined". In November 2011, the Google+
social networking site was integrated directly with YouTube and the Chrome
web browser, allowing YouTube videos to be viewed from within the Google+
interface. In 2012, YouTube said that
roughly 60 hours of new videos are uploaded to the site every minute, and that
around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has eight hundred million unique
users a month. On December 21, 2012,
Gangnam Style became the first, and so far the only, YouTube video to surpass
one billion views. On March 21, 2013,
the number of unique users visiting YouTube every month reached 1 billion.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_YouTube
U.S. states 31-40, California
through South Dakota
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31
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California The
name California comes from a mythical Spanish island ruled by a queen called
Califia that was featured in a Spanish romance ("Las Sergas de
Esplandian") written by Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo in 1510. The Spanish explorers originally thought
that California was an island.
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September 9, 1850
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32
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Minnesota Minnesota
is from a Dakota Sioux Indian word that means "cloudy water" or
"sky water" and refers to local rivers.
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May 11, 1858
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33
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Oregon The
origin of the name Oregon is unknown. It
may have come from the French word Ouragan (which means Hurricane) and was a
former name of the Columbia River.
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February 14, 1859
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34
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Kansas Kansas
was named for Konza (also called Kansa or Kaw) Indians who lived in the area.
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January 29, 1861
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35
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West
Virginia West Virginia was named for Queen Elizabeth I of
England (she was known as the Virgin Queen). Sir Walter Raleigh may have
suggested this name around 1584.
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June 20, 1863
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36
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Nevada Nevada
is from the Spanish word meaning "snowcapped."
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October 31, 1864
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37
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Nebraska The
name Nebraska is from an Oto Indian word that means "flat water"
(referring to the Platte River, which means "flat river" in French)
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March 1, 1867
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38
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Colorado The
word Colorado is Spanish for the "color red," and refers to the
muddy Colorado River
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August 1, 1876
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39
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North Dakota Dakota was what the Sioux Indians called
themselves.
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November 2, 1889
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40
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South Dakota Dakota
was what the Sioux Indians called themselves.
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November 2, 1889
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