Monday, December 17, 2012


soul  noun
1a.  The spiritual, non-physical part of someone or something which is often regarded as the source of individuality, personality, morality, will, emotions and intellect, and which is widely believed to survive in some form after the death of the body.
1b.  This entity when thought of as having separated from the body after death, but which still retains its essence of individuality, etc.
2.  Emotional sensitivity; morality.
3.  The essential nature or an energizing or motivating force (of or behind something).
Example:  Brevity is the soul of wit
4.  colloq  A person or individual.  Example:  a kind soul
5.  A type of music that has its roots in Black urban rhythm and blues, and which has elements of jazz, gospel, pop, etc which tend to make it more mainstream than traditional blues.
6.  Belonging, relating or referring to Black American culture.  Example:  soul food
Idiom:  the life and soul of the party  Idiom:  the soul of something
The perfect example of it; the personification of it.
Example:  She is the soul of discretion
Etymology:  Anglo-Saxon sawol.  http://www.writersevents.com/Words_Starting_with_T/the_evil_eye_the_lions_share/the_life_and_soul_of_the_party_etc_definition.html

Thomas Jefferson once famously wrote, "All tyranny needs to gain a foothold is for people of good conscience to remain silent."  Or did he?  Numerous social movements attribute the quote to him.  "The Complete Idiot's Guide to U.S. Government and Politics" cites it in a discussion of American democracy.  Actor Chuck Norris's 2010 treatise "Black Belt Patriotism:  How to Reawaken America" uses it to urge conservatives to become more involved in politics. It is even on T-shirts and decals.  Yet the founding father and third U.S. president never wrote it or said it, insists Anna Berkes, a 33-year-old research librarian at the Jefferson Library at Monticello, his grand estate just outside Charlottesville, Va.  Nor does he have any connection to many of the "Jeffersonian" quotes that politicians on both sides of the aisle have slung back and forth in recent years, she says.  "People will see a quote and it appeals to an opinion that they have and if it has Jefferson's name attached to it that gives it more weight," she says.  "He's constantly being invoked by people when they are making arguments about politics and actually all sorts of topics."  To counter what she calls rampant misattribution, Ms. Berkes is fighting the Internet with the Internet.  She has set up a "Spurious Quotations" page on the Monticello website  http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/spurious-quotations listing bogus quotes attributed to the founding father, a prolific writer and rhetorician who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence.   Jefferson is a "flypaper figure," like Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, Winston Churchill and baseball player and manager Yogi Berra—larger-than-life figures who have fake or misattributed quotes stick to them all the time, says Ralph Keyes, an author of books about quotes wrongly credited to famous or historical figures.  In 2010, President Barack Obama used a quote attributed to Abraham Lincoln in a speech to Democratic lawmakers ("I am not bound to win, but I am bound to be true.  I'm not bound to succeed, but I'm bound to live up to what light I have").  The remark quickly was outed by John Pitney Jr., a professor at Claremont McKenna College who tracks fake quotes attributed to Lincoln, Alexis de Tocqueville and others.  Mr. Pitney says the remark isn't found in any of Lincoln's papers, speeches or known remarks.  In an article on NPR's website, Mr. Pitney pointed out that the fake quote had been used in the past by other politicians, including Ronald Reagan.  Cameron McWhirter  Find "How to Spot a Fake Jefferson Quote," tips from Anna Berkes at: 

The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad.  As with his previous books, Rushdie used magical realism and relied on contemporary events and people to create his characters.  The title refers to the so-called "satanic verses", a group of alleged Quranic verses that allow intercessory prayers to be made to three Pagan Meccan goddesses:  Allāt, Uzza, and Manāt.  The part of the story that deals with the "satanic verses" was based on accounts from the historians al-Waqidi and al-Tabari.  In the United Kingdom, The Satanic Verses received positive reviews, was a 1988 Booker Prize Finalist (losing to Peter Carey's Oscar and Lucinda) and won the 1988 Whitbread Award for novel of the year.  However, major controversy ensued as conservative Muslims accused it of blasphemy and mocking their faith.  The outrage among some Muslims resulted in a fatwā calling for Rushdie's death issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on 14 February 1989.  Although Rushdie himself has never been attacked as a result of the book's creation, Islamic extremists have attacked several connected individuals such as translator Hitoshi Igarashi (leading to, in Igarashi's case, death).  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses

Magic realism or magical realism is an aesthetic style or genre of fiction in which magical elements blend with the real world.  The story explains these magical elements as real occurrences, presented in a straightforward manner that places the "real" and the "fantastic" in the same stream of thought.  Although it is most commonly used as a literary genre, magic realism also applies to film and the visual arts.  One example of magic realism occurs when a character in the story continues to be alive beyond the normal length of life and this is subtly depicted by the character being present throughout many generations.  On the surface the story has no clear magical attributes and everything is conveyed in a real setting, but such a character breaks the rules of our real world.  Prominent English-language fantasy writers have said that "magic realism" is only another name for fantasy fiction.  However, Amaryll Beatrice Chanady distinguishes magical realist literature from fantasy literature ("the fantastic") based on differences between three shared dimensions:  the use of antinomy (the simultaneous presence of two conflicting codes), the inclusion of events that cannot be integrated into a logical framework, and the use of authorial reticence.  In fantasy, the presence of the supernatural code is perceived as problematic, something that draws special attention—where in magical realism, the presence of the supernatural is accepted.  In fantasy, authorial reticence creates a disturbing effect on the reader, it works to integrate the supernatural into the natural framework in magical realism.  This integration is made possible in magical realism as the author presents the supernatural as being equally valid to the natural.  The ghost of Melquíades in Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude or the baby ghost in Toni Morrison's Beloved who visit or haunt the inhabitants of their previous residence are both presented by the narrator as ordinary occurrences; the reader, therefore, accepts the marvelous as normal and common.  To Dr. Clark Zlotchew, the differentiating factor between the fantastic and magical realism is that in fantastic literature, such as Kafka's story "The Metamorphosis," there is a hesitation experienced by the protagonist, implied author or reader in deciding whether to attribute natural or supernatural causes to an unsettling event, or between rational or irrational explanations.   Magical realism is inherent to video games and electronic literature.  Games like Minecraft get the players to subconsciously break down real world people and objects into the component cubes of the game, creating a blur between reality and fiction.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_realism 


Songwriting legend Carole King is coming to Washington to receive the 2013 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song.  Librarian of Congress James H. Billington announced on Dec. 13 that the 70-year-old songwriter will perform at the library’s Coolidge Auditorium in the spring.  “I was so pleased when the venerable Library of Congress began honoring writers of popular songs with the Gershwin Prize,” King said in a statement.  “I’m proud to be the fifth such honoree and the first woman among such distinguished company.” 

Gershwin Prize for Popular Song  Find stories about winners and link to other awards from the Library of Congress at:  http://www.loc.gov/about/awardshonors/gershwin/ 

"The Tallow Candle" is a literary fairytale by Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875).  The short story was written in the 1820s, making it one of his earliest works and his first known experiment with the fairytale genre, but its existence was apparently unknown to scholars or the public for almost two centuries.  In October 2012, the tale was discovered in a suitcase with documents of the Plum family located in the local branch of the Danish National Archives in Funen, Denmark.  The first to chance upon the document was a couple doing amateur research into their family history, but since it seemed unrelated to genealogy they thought nothing of it.  Later the archivist and local historian Esben Brage noted the document's signature and realized that it might be an original H. C. Andersen document.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tallow_Candle

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