Thursday, September 2, 2010

The Social Security Act of 1935 created, in addition to the retirement insurance for which it’s named, a federal and state system of unemployment compensation that provides temporary, partial wages to the newly out-of-work. It’s a cushion for families, and it helps stabilize the economy during recessions. The safety net devised under Roosevelt protects the country today “from looking like it did in 1931 and 1932,” says Nick Taylor, whose book, American-Made: The Enduring Legacy of the WPA, analyzes the economic crisis that began under Herbert Hoover, brought FDR into office, and prompted creation of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), among other economic reforms. Perhaps more significant, the New Deal forever changed the public’s expectation of the government’s role in times of hardship. “The Roosevelt administration was the first one to recognize that the government was responsible for the welfare of the people,” Taylor says. “One of government’s purposes is to have a humanitarian side.” Roosevelt first proposed the idea of a permanent jobs program during his annual message to Congress on January 4, 1935. A variety of temporary relief measures had been implemented by then, but Roosevelt considered them handouts and demeaning to human dignity. At that time, 5 million people were receiving some form of government aid, 3.5 million of whom Roosevelt felt were able-bodied and could be working. His proposal became the Works Progress Administration. At its peak in March 1938, the WPA rolls hit 3.4 million. By June 1943, when the program was ended because it was no longer needed—unemployment had fallen to 1.9 percent—the WPA had employed more than 8.5 million people on 1.4 million different projects.
Between 1935 and 1943, workers in the Works Progress Administration:
Created 651,087 miles of streets and highways
Repaired or improved 124,031 bridges
Built 125,110 public buildings, 8,192 parks, 853 airport landing fields.
Served almost 900 million hot lunches to students
Operated 1,500 nursery schools
Presented 225,000 concerts
Produced 475,000 works of art,
Published 276 books and 701 pamphlets.
http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2010/07/26/lifestyle/features/putting-america-work.html
In Toledo, the public library and zoo benefitted from WPA. http://www.toledozoo.org/zooinfo/WPA.html

The word September comes from the Latin word "septem", meaning "seven". September used to be the seventh month of the Roman calendar prior to 153 BCE, when the first month of the year changed from Calendrius Martius (beginning on March 1), to Calendrius Januarius (beginning on January 1). http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Month_of_September_get_its_Name
The month September is the same in English and German; Spanish is Septiembre, French is Septembre, and Settembre is Italian.

Amid all the junk mail pouring into your house in recent months, you might have noticed a solicitation or two for a "professional card," otherwise known as a small-business or corporate credit card. Professional cards aren't covered under the Credit Card Accountability and Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, or Card Act for short. Among other things, the law prohibits issuers from controversial billing practices such as hair-trigger interest rate increases, shortened payment cycles and inactivity fees—but it doesn't apply to professional cards. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704913704575454003924920386.html?mod=googlenews_wsj

The Kihansi spray toad, Nectophrynoides asperginis, is a dwarf toad, with adults reaching no more than three quarters of an inch long. It was discovered in 1996. It was found only in the spray zone around the Kihansi and Mhalala waterfalls in the southern Udzungwa Mountains in Tanzania. It is now listed as an extinct species in the wild by the IUCN Red List due to a restricted range, habitat loss and a declining population. This was due to the Kihansi Dam being built in 1999, which reduced the amount of silt and water coming down from the waterfall into the gorge by 90 percent. Some of the toads were taken from their native gorge and placed in captivity in the late 1990s as a possible hedge against extinction, because the species had such a limited habitat. For some time, the Toledo Zoo in Ohio was the only place in the world where the Kihansi spray toad was on display to the public. But the Bronx Zoo in New York City also has several hundred Kihansi spray toads, and it opened a small exhibit in February 2010. In August 2010, a group of 100 Kihansi Spray Toads were flown from the Bronx Zoo and Toledo Zoo to their native Tanzania. The toads remain in captivity however, there are plans to reintroduce them into their small 0.02Km2 natural habitat in the Kihansi Gorge in the south of Tanzania. http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Kihansi_Spray_Toad

What's in a name?
Rhinoceroses get their name from their most famous feature: their horns. The word rhinoceros comes from the Greek rhino (nose) and ceros (horn). Black rhinos Diceros bicornis and white rhinos Ceratotherium simum are the same color—they're both brownish gray! How the white rhino came to be called “white” is uncertain. One account says that South Africa's early Boer settlers called it wijde, Dutch for “wide,” which could refer to the wide lip or the size of the animal.
http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-rhinoceros.html

Grey (often spelled gray in the U.S., see spelling differences) describes the colors ranging from black to white. These, including white and black, are known as achromatic colors or neutral colors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey

American author Zane Grey (1872-1939) was born Pearl Zane Gray. (He later dropped "Pearl" and changed the a to an e in "Grey").

The medical textbook Gray's Anatomy was first published under the title Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in the United Kingdom in 1858, and the following year in the United States. The 40th edition of Gray's Anatomy was published in September 2008 by Elsevier under the Churchill Livingstone imprint in both print and on-line versions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray's_Anatomy#Most_recent_available_editions
Note that the television series Grey's Anatomy is a pun on the textbook title.

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