Friday, July 8, 2016

Words based on the British exit from the European Union:  Brexit, brexecution, brexcited, brexpedited, breconomic, brexpelling, brexpats, breplexed, brexplanation.

The Man in the Moone is a book by the English divine and Church of England bishop Francis Godwin (1562–1633), describing a "voyage of utopian discovery".  Long considered to be one of his early works, it is now generally thought to have been written in the late 1620s.  It was first published posthumously in 1638 under the pseudonym of Domingo Gonsales.  The work is notable for its role in what was called the "new astronomy", the branch of astronomy influenced especially by Nicolaus Copernicus, the only astronomer mentioned by name, although the book also draws on the theories of Johannes Kepler and William Gilbert.  Godwin's astronomical theories were greatly influenced by Galileo Galilei's Sidereus Nuncius (1610), but unlike Galileo, Godwin proposes that the dark spots on the Moon are seas, one of many parallels with Kepler's Somnium sive opus posthumum de astronomia lunari of 1634.  Gonsales is a Spaniard forced to flee the country after killing a man in a duel.  Having made his fortune in the East Indies he decides to return to Spain, but falls ill on the voyage home and is set off on the island of St Helena to recover.  There he discovers a species of wild swan able to carry substantial loads, the gansa, and contrives a device that allows him to harness many of them together and fly around the island.  Once fully recovered Gonsales resumes his journey home, but his ship is attacked by an English fleet off the coast of Tenerife.  He uses his flying machine to escape to the shore, but once safely landed he is approached by hostile natives and is forced to take off again.  This time his birds fly higher and higher, towards the Moon, which they reach after a journey of twelve days.  There Gonsales encounters the Lunars, a tall Christian people inhabiting what appears to be a utopian paradise.  After six months of living among them Gonsales becomes homesick and concerned for the condition of his birds, and sets off to return to Earth.  He lands in China, where he is immediately arrested as a magician, but after learning the language manages to win the trust of the local mandarin.  The story ends with Gonsales meeting a group of Jesuit missionaries, who arrange to have a written account of his adventures sent back to Spain.  Some critics consider The Man in the Moone, along with Kepler's Somnium, to be one of the first works of science fiction.  Although the book was well known in the 17th century, and even inspired parodies by Cyrano de Bergerac and Aphra Behn, modern literary critics do not consider it to be very important.  Read more and see graphics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Moone

revulse  verb  1.  [WITH OBJECT]  Medicine.  To withdraw (humours, blood, etc.) from a part of the body by revulsion.  Now historical and rare .  2.  [WITH OBJECT]  To cause (a person) to feel disgust or revulsion; = revolt.  Mid 17th century.  From classical Latin revuls-, past participial stem of revellere, after revulsionhttp://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/revulse

repulse  verb  Drive back (an attack or attacking enemy) by force  1.1  Fail to welcome; rebuff  1.2  Refuse to accept (an offer)  2  (usually be repulsed) Cause (someone) to feel intense distaste and aversion  noun  1.  The action of driving back an attacking force or of being driven back  1.1  A discouraging response to friendly advances   Late Middle English from Latin repuls- 'driven back', from the verb repellere  http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/repulse

Geoffrey Hill, recognised as one of the foremost English-language poets of his time, who disdained the prevailing style of confessional poetry, choosing instead to use his forceful, solidly built verse to examine age-old moral and historical concerns, died on June 30, 2016 at his home in Cambridge, England.  He was 84.  In the 1990s, poet Donald Hall called him "the best English poet of the 20th century"--placing him above luminaries such as W.H. Auden, Ted Hughes and Philip Larkin.  When Hill's 992-page Broken Hierarchies:  Poems 1952-2012, was published in 2013, critic Nicholas Lezard wrote in the Guardian, "If the phrase 'greatest living poet in the English language' has any meaning, we should use it now."  One of Hill's best-known volumes was Mercian Hymns (1971), in which he dug into deep veins of British mediaeval history while reflecting on elements of his childhood.  His poems were carefully polished, but were never an easy read.  He composed his words with an exacting sense of high purpose, addressing such complex topics as war, religion and the pull of the past.

Gramercy Park is the name of both a small, fenced-in private park and the surrounding neighborhood that is referred to also as Gramercy, in the borough of Manhattan.  The approximately 2-acre park, located in the Gramercy Park Historic District, is one of two private parks in New York City--the other is Sunnyside Gardens Park in Queens--as well as one of only three in the state; only people residing around the park who pay an annual fee have a key, and the public is not generally allowed in.  When the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission created the Gramercy Park Historic District in 1966, they quoted from John B. Pine's 1921 book, The Story of Gramercy Park:  The laying out of Gramercy Park represents one of the earliest attempts in this country at 'City Planning'.  Gramercy Park itself is located between East 20th Street, called Gramercy Park South at the park, and East 21st Street called Gramercy Park North, and between Gramercy Park West and Gramercy Park East, two mid-block streets which lie between Park Avenue South and Third Avenue.  The neighborhood's boundaries are 14th Street to the south, Third Avenue to the east, 23rd Street to the north, and Park Avenue South to the west.   Nearby are the Flatiron District to the west, Union Square to the southwest, the East Village to the south, Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village to the east, Rose Hill to the northwest, and Kips Bay to the northeast.  The boundaries of the Historic District, set in 1966[7] and extended in 1988, are irregular, lying within the neighborhood, and can be seen in the map in the infobox on the right.  A proposed extension to the district would include more than 40 additional buildings on Gramercy Park East andNorth, Lexington Avenue, Park Avenue South, East 22nd and East 19th Streets, and Irving Place.  The area received its name as an anglicization of "Crommessie", which is derived from the Dutch Krom Moerasje, meaning "little crooked swamp", or Krom Mesje, meaning "little crooked knife", describing the shape of the swamp, brook and hill on the site.  The brook, which later become known as Crommessie Vly, flowed in a 40-foot gully along what is now 21st Street into the East River at 18th Street. "  Mayor James Duane--for whom the city's Duane Street is name--acquired the site in 1761 from Gerardus Stuyvesant and named it "Gramercy Seat". "Gramercy" is an archaic English word meaning "many thanks".  Read much more, including uses in popular culture, and see graphics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramercy_Park

The North Atlantic Blob:  A Marine Cold Wave That Won’t Go Away by Bob Henson   When you look at a map of global surface temperatures for 2015, the first impression you might get is a planet with a bad sunburn.  Almost every part of the globe saw above-average temperatures during Earth’s warmest year on record, and there was unprecedented warmth across many parts of the tropical and subtropical oceans.  The next thing you’d probably notice is a blue blob in the North Atlantic, sticking out like a frostbitten thumb.  No one knows exactly why, but this blob of unusually chilly water, roughly half the size of the United States, has taken up what seems like semi-permanent residence in the North Atlantic Ocean.  It’s normal for ocean temperatures to wax and wane on all kinds of time scales.  What’s more uncommon is for a cold anomaly this large and strong to persist for so long, especially when the rest of the planet is trending ever warmer.  The North Atlantic’s cold blob once had a hot-headed cousin.  Thousands of miles away, on the other side of North America, a zone of above-average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the northeast Pacific gained fame as “The Blob.”  While it was in place, from about 2013 through most of 2015, The Blob was closely linked with intense upper-level ridging over and near it.  The Pacific jet stream arced northward, away from California, which helped strengthen the fierce multiyear drought still plaguing much of the state.  Once it became clear last autumn that a strong El Niño was on its way, experts predicted that a juiced-up storm track in the Northeast Pacific would churn up the waters enough to dilute and vanquish The Blob.  Sure enough, The Blob eroded to near-nothingness in just a few weeks during late 2015, and the West Coast from San Francisco northward got drenched by wet Pacific storms throughout the subsequent winter.  Read more and see graphics at  https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/the-north-atlantic-blob-a-marine-cold-wave-that-wont-go-away

A Venn diagram is an illustration of the relationships between and among sets, groups of objects that share something in common.  Usually, Venn diagrams are used to depict set intersections (denoted by an upside-down letter U).  This type of diagram is used in scientific and engineering presentations, in theoretical mathematics, in computer applications, and in statistics.  http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Venn-diagram  See Brexit Venn diagram at http://www.vox.com/2016/7/5/12098156/brexit-eu-britain-venn-diagram and a "Vent" diagram appearing in Rhymes With Orange comic strip July 7, 2016  http://rhymeswithorange.com/comic_tag/venn-diagram/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1494  July 8, 2016  On this date in 1776, John Nixon (1733-1808) became the first person to publicly read the Declaration of Independence.  http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/1700s/nixon_john.html

On this date in 1947, reports were broadcast that a UFO crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico in what became known as the Roswell UFO incident.

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