Wednesday, October 22, 2014

Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York, located in the southwest part of the city.  Staten Island is the southernmost part of the both the City and State of New York, with Conference House Park at the southern tip of the island and the state.  The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay.  With a 2013 Census-estimated population of 472,621, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at 59 sq mi (153 km2).  The borough is coextensive with Richmond County, and until 1975 the borough was officially named the Borough of Richmond.  As in much of North America, human habitation appeared in the island fairly rapidly after the retreat of the ice sheet.  Archaeologists have recovered tool evidence of Clovis culture activity dating from about 14,000 years ago.  This evidence was first discovered in 1917 in the Charleston section of the island.  Various Clovis artifacts have been discovered since then, on property owned by Mobil Oil.  See graphics, including a chart showing population, counties and land areas of New York City's five boroughs at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island

The Netherlands Antilles, also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.  Although the country has now been dissolved, all of its constituent islands remain part of the kingdom under a different legal status and the term is still used to refer to these Dutch Caribbean islands.  The Netherlands Antilles consisted of two distinct island groups.  The ABC Islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao are located in the southern Caribbean Sea, just off the Venezuelan coast.  The SSS islands of Sint Maarten (actually a territory covering a bit less than half an island),Saba, and Sint Eustatius are in the Leeward Islands southeast of the Virgin Islands near the northern end of the Lesser Antilles, approximately 800–900 kilometers (500–560 miles) northeast of the ABC Islands.  The Dutch colonized the various islands in the 17th century and united them in the new constituent state of the Netherlands Antilles in 1954.  Aruba became a separate state within the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1986.  The Kingdom of the Netherlands dissolved the Netherlands Antilles on 10 October 2010, reconstituting Curaçao and Sint Maarten as new constituent countries and Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba (the "BES Islands") as special municipalities within the Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles

 “The doctor’s code is, First—do no harm.  The politician’s code is, First—go on television."  "In a solar eclipse, the moon does not pass into the sun’s shadow, but instead passes between the sun and the earth, obscuring the sun—causing the shadow.  The proper term is “occultation.”  The moon occults the sun, casting a small shadow onto the surface of the earth.  It is not a solar eclipse, but in fact an eclipse of the earth."   

A legal doublet is a standardized phrase used frequently in English legal language which consists of two or more words which are near synonyms.  The origin of the doubling — and sometimes even tripling — often lies in the transition of legal language from Latin to French.  Certain words were simply given in their Latin, French and/or English forms, often pairing an English word (or a more archaic Anglo-Saxon word) with a Latin or French synonym, so as to ensure understanding.  Find lists of commonly used legal doublets and legal triplets at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_doublet

Ninth Island is an island in Bass Strait in south-eastern Australia.  It is approximately 1.3 km long, 550 m wide and covers an area of 32 ha.  It is part of the Waterhouse Island Group, lying 11.7 km from the north-eastern coast of Tasmania.  It is partly privately owned and has been badly affected in the past by grazing, frequent fires and, in July 1995, by the MV Iron Baron oil spill which killed between 2000 and 6000 Little Penguins.  The island forms part of the Ninth and Little Waterhouse Islands Important Bird Area (IBA), so identified by BirdLife International because it holds over 1% of the world population of Black-faced Cormorants.    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_Island

Hawaiians have long been an acknowledged presence in Las Vegas, and the city is sometimes called the "ninth island."  http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2012/feb/16/island-desert-how-hawaii-arrived-las-vegas/

Mexican standoff  A stalemate where everyone has a weapon pointed at someone else.  All the threats are equally balanced to ensure a Mutual Disadvantage; no one is walking away from this standoff with what they came for — or walking away at all, since everyone realizes that if you get to shelter, you can fire on them without suffering in return.  Sometimes the situation is resolved in a civilized fashion with all involved parties realizing the suicidal position they are in and agreeing to put down their weapons, usually on a count of three to make sure no one ambushes the other.  It's Older Than Radio and has been around long enough to be parodied in the play "The Critic", first staged in 1779.  The term itself, however, originated in the 19th century - possibly in Australia, of all places - regarding perceived political indecision in Mexico.  http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/MexicanStandoff

ne plus ultra  Also nec plus ultra or non plus ultra.  A descriptive phrase meaning the best or most extreme example of something.  The Pillars of Hercules, for example, were literally the nec plus ultra of the ancient Mediterranean world.  Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's heraldic emblem reversed this idea, using a depiction of this phrase inscribed on the Pillars—as plus ultra, without the negation.  The Boston Musical Instrument Company engraved ne plus ultra on its instruments from 1869 to 1928 to signify that none were better.

Spain's most famous cheese, so named because it originally was made only from the milk of Manchego sheep that grazed the famous plains of La Mancha.  It's sometimes called the cheese of Don Quixote because Cervantes mentioned it in his novel, Don Quixote of La Mancha. Manchego, also know as Queso Manchego, is a rich, golden, semihard to hard cheese that has a full, buttery flavor that's still somewhat piquant.  The two versions that are most commonly exported are curado, aged between 3 and 4 months, and viejo, aged 9 to 12 months.  Another variation, Manchego en aceite ("in oil"), has been ripened for 1 year, during which time it's bathed in olive oil.
Find substitutes for Manchego Viejo and Manchego Curado at http://manchego-cheese.com/manchego-cheese-substitute/

The Reading Railroad company that most people know from the Monopoly board game is still going strong, but it's not laying down tracks any more.  What is now Reading International Inc. has turned into a Los Angeles firm that runs cinema complexes and live theater venues in the U.S. and abroad, managing to fill seats during very challenging times for the cinema industry.  James J. Cotter Sr. gained control of the Reading name in the early 1980s through his holding company, Craig Corp.  In 2001, a merger of Craig, the Reading Co. and the Citadel Holding Corp. created Reading International.  Besides operating cinemas, Reading is involved in real estate development and the rental of retail, commercial and live theater facilities.  Reading International has more than 2,300 employees and 56 cinema complexes with 476 movie screens in the U.S., Australia and New Zealand.  The U.S. is the biggest market, with 26 complexes.  Domestically, the company's complexes operate under brand names such as Reading, Angelika Film Center, Consolidated Amusements, City Cinemas, Beekman Theatre and Village East Cinemas.  Five cinema complexes, including the Reading Cinemas Gaslamp 15, are in the San Diego area.  Reading, which works with major film distributors and smaller, independent film companies, also handles live shows.  It owns and operates three off-Broadway theaters in Manhattan — the Union Square, Orpheum and Minetta Lane — and the Royal George Theatre in Chicago.  Ronald D. White  


http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1207  October 22, 2014  On this date in 1746, the College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) received its charter.  On this date in 1836, Sam Houston was inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.

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