Louise Erdrich (born Karen Louise Erdrich June 7, 1954) is an American author, writer of novels, poetry, and children's books featuring Native American characters and settings.  She is an enrolled member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians, a federally recognized tribe of the Anishinaabe (also known as Ojibwe and Chippewa).  Erdrich is widely acclaimed as one of the most significant writers of the second wave of the Native American Renaissance.  She has written 28 books in all, including fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and children's books.  In 2009, her novel The Plague of Doves was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and received an Anisfield-Wolf Book Award.  In November 2012, she received the National Book Award for Fiction for her novel The Round House.  She is a 2013 recipient of the Alex Awards.  She was awarded the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction at the National Book Festival in September 2015.  In 2021, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel The Night Watchman.  Erdrich was born in Little Falls, Minnesota.  She was the oldest of seven children born to Ralph Erdrich, a German-American, and Rita (née Gourneau), a Chippewa woman (of half Ojibwe and half French blood).  Both parents taught at a boarding school in Wahpeton, North Dakota, set up by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  Erdrich's maternal grandfather, Patrick Gourneau, served as tribal chairman for the federally recognized tribe of Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians for many years.  While Erdrich was a child, her father paid her a nickel for every story she wrote.  Her sister Heidi became a poet and also lives in Minnesota; she publishes under the name Heid E. Erdrich.  Another sister, Lise Erdrich, has written children's books and collections of fiction and essays.  Erdrich attended Dartmouth College from 1972 to 1976.  She was a part of the first class of women admitted to the college and earned an A.B. in English.  During her first year, Erdrich met Michael Dorris, an anthropologist, writer, and then-director of the new Native American Studies program.  While attending Dorris' class, she began to look into her own ancestry, which inspired her to draw from it for her literary work, such as poems, short stories, and novels.  During that time, she worked as a lifeguard, waitress, researcher for films, and as an editor for the Boston Indian Council newspaper The Circle.  In 1978, Erdrich enrolled in a Master of Arts program at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.  She earned the Master of Arts in the Writing Seminars in 1979.  Erdrich later published some of the poems and stories she wrote while in the M.A. program.  She returned to Dartmouth as a writer-in-residence.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Erdrich

Peanut oil is used for frying, sautéing, and simply adding flavor.  Although most varieties of peanut oil have a very light, neutral flavor, they can sometimes have a slightly nutty flavor.  Roasted peanut oils are strongly flavored and are usually added after cooking for added flavor.  Peanut oil is perfectly suited for frying because of its high smoke point.  Peanut oil smokes at approximately 435 F, which means that it can hold up to the high temperatures required for frying most foods.  Peanut oil is also unique because it does not absorb flavors from the foods that are fried in it, meaning that multiple food types can be fried in the same batch of oil without cross-contamination of flavors.  Peanut oil that has been used for frying can be stored and used again.  Used peanut oil should be stored in an air-tight container in a cool, dark place, preferably refrigerated.  Overheating peanut oil (past its smoke point) will considerably reduce its lifespan.  Making sure that all food particles have been filtered out prior to storage will also help maintain its freshness.  Once opened or used, peanut oil should be used within six months.  Bethany Moncel  Find list of different kinds of peanut oil at https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-peanut-oil-1328456

The Latin root sed means sit.  Examples in English:  sedentary, sediment, sedan, sedative, sedate, supersede, assiduous, insidious.  The Latin root leg means read.  Examples in English:  legible, legend, illegible, legendary, legibility, alleged.  See Word Within the Word list at https://www.fcusd.org/cms/lib/CA01001934/Centricity/Domain/1250/WWtW%20Lesson%208.pdf 

Magic Chocolate Shell (one or two servings)  Shell hardens into a brittle candy shell when it’s poured over ice cream.  posted by Tracy  https://bakingmischief.com/chocolate-shell/ 

Yayoi Kusama’s polka-dotted gourd is as representative of the artist as her line-inducing Infinity Rooms, both of which can be experienced at New York Botanical Garden.  “Kusama: Cosmic Nature,” which is set to run through October 31, 2021, peppers both early and recent works by the artist throughout the site’s 250 acres.  Among the garden’s blooming daffodils and cherry blossoms, visitors will find trees wrapped in red-and-white polka-dot fabric, as well as several monumental sculptures, beginning with I Want to Fly to the Universe at the Reflecting Pool.  In the pool of the Native Plant Garden, Kusama’s 1966/2021 Narcissus Garden is one of the most tranquil works on display.  Also on view is Pumpkins Screaming About Love Beyond Infinity, in which guests can enter a dark room to get lost in a luminous patch of golden gourds.  This summer, a new Infinity Mirrored Room experience can be accessed in a cube in the Home Gardening Center.  There are several Kusama gems found in and around NYBG’s prized Haupt Conservatory:  Larger-than-life blooms are erected from both indoor and outdoor water features, and a glittering mosaic Starry Pumpkin presents a tiled twist on the generally primary-colored motif.  Stephanie Sporn  See pictures at https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/yayoi-kusamas-pumpkins-and-polka-dots-have-officially-taken-over-the-new-york-botanical-garden 

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg  

quotennial  (kwo-TEN-ee-uhl)  adjective:  Yearly.  From Latin quot (how many) + annus (year).  Earliest documented use:  1878.  A related word is quotidian (happening every day; commonplace). 

Breeze blocks are the patterned concrete blocks you may have seen covering the sides of a building or stacked upon each other to form a wall.  But these fascinating blocks are more than just decorative-- they’re an important component of Mid Century Modern design.  Breeze blocks provide shade, circulation, protection and privacy to buildings all over the world, and they’ve got the rich history and style to prove it.  Breeze blocks--sometimes called screen blocks--were inspired by sun-reducing screens in Asia and first used in America in the 1930s.  They continued to grow in popularity in the following decades, especially when used in houses and apartments.  They were widely used in Mid Century Modern design up until the 1970s, when they began to fall out of style.  In Palm Springs, CA, one luxurious hotel uses breeze blocks in a way that truly stands out.  The exterior of the Parker Palm Springs is surrounded by white breeze blocks that shield the 5-star hotel from the blazing desert sun and provide a private oasis for vacationers and celebrities alike.  Breeze blocks have started to move from an exterior feature to an interior accent.  Today, you can find them in kitchens or against walls as fun retro decor. They’re great for providing partitions where space can clearly be divided without the unnecessary structural presence of a wall.  Rabekah Henderson  See pictures at https://www.atomic-ranch.com/architecture-design/all-about-breeze-blocks/ 

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2413  August 31, 2021 

The Gin Rickey is a highball cocktail made with gin, soda water and lime juice.  It was invented in the 1880’s with bourbon, then became very popular with gin in the 1890’s.  The story goes that a Democratic politician named Colonel Joe Rickey made up the drink in a Washington DC bar with the help of the bartender there (here’s more on that).  The drink rose to worldwide popularity, and is even mentioned in books like the 1920’s novel Great Gatsby.  Though it’s a simple drink, the rickey connects to a centuries-long tradition of mixing booze and carbonated water.  Sonja and Alex Overhiser  Find recipe at https://www.acouplecooks.com/gin-rickey/  See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickey_(cocktail)   

At the First Americans Museum (FAM), visitors will experience the collective histories of 39 distinctive First American Nations.  On September 18, 2021, the 175,000 square foot museum will showcase state-of-the-art exhibitions in First American history, culture, and art; live public and educational programs; a family discovery center with immersive family-friendly activities; a full-service restaurant presenting unique Native inspired cuisine; and a museum store featuring authentic one-of-a-kind hand-made items or products by premiere First American artists.  Only a few tribal Nations were indigenous to what is now the State of Oklahoma.  All others were removed from homelands across the contiguous U.S. to Indian Territory.  In 1907 Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union.  The State of Oklahoma’s name comes from two Choctaw words Okla and Homma.  Translated it means “Red People.”  https://www.visitokc.com/listings/first-americans-museum/5158/  https://famok.org/about-us/ 

Joy Harjo’s signature project as the 23^rd U.S. Poet Laureate is one of mapmaking:  gathering poems by 47 Native Nations poets in a cartography of voice.  Living Nations, Living Words: an Anthology of First Peoples Poetry, which was published in May 2021, is the print version of this project, which also lives as an online multimedia map hosted by the Library of Congress.  The online map bears no borders or labels; instead, its markers, shaped like small orange sunbursts hovering over the vivid topography, link to portraits and brief biographies of the poets, each of whom chose the location with which they are identified.  These biographical introductions link to pages with audio recordings and transcripts of the poets reading and then commenting on their poems.  The print edition maintains this emphasis on the poets themselves:  each of the 47 poems is preceded by a full page devoted to the poet’s portrait and brief biography.  https://blog.pshares.org/mapmaking-and-living-nations-living-words-an-anthology-of-first-peoples-poetry/ 

“To justify these breaches of the ‘permanent Indian frontier,’ the policy makers in Washington invented Manifest Destiny, a term which lifted land hunger to a lofty plane.  The Europeans and their descendants were ordained by destiny to rule all of America.  They were the dominant race and therefore responsible for the Indians—along with their lands, their forests, and their mineral wealth.”  Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by Dee Brown 

Dorris Alexander "Dee" Brown (1908–2002) was an American novelist, historian, and librarian.  His most famous work, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (1970), details the history of American expansionism from the point of view of the Native Americans.  Born in Alberta, Louisiana, a sawmill town, Brown grew up in Ouachita County, Arkansas, which experienced an oil boom when he was thirteen years old.  Brown's mother later relocated to Little Rock so he and his brother and two sisters could attend a better high school.  He spent much time in the public library.  Reading the three-volume History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark helped him develop an interest in the American West.  He also discovered the works of Sherwood Anderson and John Dos Passos, and later William Faulkner and Joseph Conrad.  He cited these authors as those most influential on his own work.  While attending home games by the baseball team the Arkansas Travelers, he became acquainted with Chief Yellow Horse, a pitcher.  His kindness, and a childhood friendship with a Creek boy, caused Brown to reject the descriptions of Native American peoples as violent and primitive, which dominated American popular culture at the time.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dee_Brown_(writer) 

Wounded Knee Creek is a tributary of the White River, approximately 100 miles (160 km) long, in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota in the United States.  Its Lakota name is Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála.  The creek's name recalls an incident when a Native American sustained an injury to his knee during a fight. 

The creek rises in the southwestern corner of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, along the state line with Nebraska, and flows northwest.  It borders the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre, in which the 7th US Cavalry under Colonel James W. Forsyth massacred approximately 300 Sioux, mostly women and children, many unarmed.  Towns in this region include Wounded Knee and Manderson.  The Wounded Knee Creek flows NNW across the reservation and joins the White south of Badlands National Park.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Creek 

loop·​hole  noun 

1:  a means of escape especially:  an ambiguity or omission in the text through which the intent of a statute, contract, or obligation may be evaded

2 a:  a small opening through which small arms may be fired

2 b:  a similar opening to admit light and air or to permit observation

loophole  verb 

loopholed; loopholing  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/loophole 

Your eye muscles move more than a hundred thousand times a day.  *  You have about 400 different kinds of odor receptors in your nose.  *  A newborm baby’s brain grows about 1 percent larger each day until the infant is about three months old.  *  Your skin, the largest organ in your body, weighs about eight pounds.  *  The word muscle comes from the Latin word for mouse.  *  On average, your heart beats one hundred thousand times a day, pumping two thousand gallons of blood through your body.  *  Your body holds about a gallon and a half of blood.  *  A newborn baby’s body holds only one cup of blood.  *  Wow in the World by Mindy Thomas and Guy Raz

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg

Tammany  (TAM-uh-nee)  adjective  Relating to political corruption.  After Tammany Hall in New York City, former home of the New York County Democratic Party, which was known for corruption.  Earliest documented use:  1872.  Tamanend or Tammany was a wise and peaceful Delaware Indian chief who became known as the “patron saint” of America.  Many social clubs and societies were named after him.  Tammany Hall in New York was one such place that evolved into a political machine notorious for its corruption.  It was active from 1789-1967. 

Hawthorne effect  (HAW-thorn i-FEKT)  noun  An improvement in workers’ performance attributed to the special attention they received when singled out for a study.  After Hawthorne Works, a factory complex of the Western Electric Company, where this effect was observed.  The complex was named after the original name of the town where it was located.  Earliest documented use:  1958.   

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2412  August 30, 2021

Edward Gorey’s Toys--The brilliantly macabre writer and illustrator also made his own stuffed dolls, which have a stylishness and craftsmanship in keeping with all his art, article by Casey Cep    Killing children is generally frowned upon, but Edward Gorey did it all the time.  He squashed them with trains, fed them to bears, poisoned them with lye, forced them to swallow tacks, watched them waste away, and burned them in fires; on his watch, they died of everything from fits to flying into bits.  In perhaps the most popular of Gorey’s eight abecedarian books, “The Gashlycrumb Tinies,” twenty-six children, beginning with Amy “who fell down the stairs” and ending with Zillah “who drank too much gin,” meet their demise one page at a time in pitch-perfect rhyme.  That macabre sequence has been lovingly staged with dolls and paper cutouts as a scavenger hunt in the Edward Gorey House on Cape Cod, the museum that occupies the Yarmouth Port property where he spent the last fourteen years of his life.  Through the end of 2021, the “Elephant House,” as Gorey called 8 Strawberry Lane, is also hosting a special exhibit on the artist’s young subjects.  “Hapless Children: Drawings from Mr. Gorey’s Neighborhood” features art and prose from throughout Gorey’s prolific career:  original pen-and-ink drawings from his more than a hundred novellas, volumes of poetry, plays, puppet shows, and nonsense collections, together with illustrations and covers for this magazine and for works by the likes of Muriel Spark, Bram Stoker, T. S. Eliot, Gilbert and Sullivan, and Samuel Beckett.  Goreyphiles, like Gorey creatures, come in all shapes and sizes.  Hischak, the curator, says that the pandemic slowed traffic at the Gorey House, especially from international visitors, but, since the museum reopened this spring, the crowds are returning.  Over Memorial Day weekend, more than two hundred tourists ducked in from the rain to learn more about the man whom some passionately adored while others knew only vaguely as the creator of the animated title sequence for PBS’s “Masterpiece Mystery!”  “Edward was part of a generation of children’s authors who dispensed with the idea of the happy ending as a given,” Hischak said, explaining that Gorey was friends with Maurice Sendak, the creator of “Where the Wild Things Are”; published “The Doubtful Guest” the same year that Theodor Seuss Geisel published “The Cat in the Hat”; and was born just a few years after his fellow-Midwesterner, the “Peanuts” cartoonist Charles Schulz.  https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/edward-goreys-toys 

Casey Cep is a staff writer at The New Yorker and the author of “Furious Hours: Murder, Fraud, and the Last Trial of Harper Lee.”  She is a graduate of Harvard College and the University of Oxford, where she studied as a Rhodes Scholar.  Link to articles by Casey Cep published in The New Yorker at https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/casey-cep 

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one object or idea takes the place of another with which it has a close association.  In fact, metonymy means “change of name.”  Metonymy is often confused with synecdoche.  Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to signify the whole.  For example, a common synecdoche for marriage proposal is to ask for someone’s “hand” in marriage.  Of course, the “hand” in this case is just the part that signifies the whole person who is receiving the proposal.  Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one word is used to replace another to which it is closely linked.  Both metonymy and synecdoche are related to metaphor, which is also a figure of speech.  As a literary device, the purpose of metaphor is to compare two unlike things without using the words “like” or “as.”  Find comparative examples of metonymy, synecdoche and metaphor at https://literarydevices.net/metonymy/ 

What's the best pizza city in the USA?  'Modernist' authors have a surprise for you.  Forrest Brown  https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/best-pizza-city-us-modernist-authors/index.html 

Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the study of sign processes (semiosis), which are any activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, where a sign is defined as anything that communicates a meaning that is not the sign itself to the sign's interpreter.  The meaning can be intentional such as a word uttered with a specific meaning, or unintentional, such as a symptom being a sign of a particular medical condition.  Signs can communicate through any of the senses: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory.  Unlike linguistics, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems.  Semiotics includes the study of signs and sign processes, indication, designation, likeness, analogy, allegory, metonymy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication.   Semiotics is frequently seen as having important anthropological and sociological dimensions; for example, the Italian semiotician and novelist Umberto Eco proposed that every cultural phenomenon may be studied as communication.  In general, semiotic theories take signs or sign systems as their object of study: the communication of information in living organisms is covered in biosemiotics (including zoosemiotics and phytosemiotics).  Semiotics is not to be confused with the Saussurean tradition called semiology, which is a subset of semiotics.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics

kith and kin  One's relations.  The word kith is Old English, and the original senses were ‘knowledge’, ‘one's native land’, and ‘friends and neighbours’.  The phrase kith and kin originally denoted one's country and relatives; later one's friends and relatives.  https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100039323  See also https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/kith-and-kin.html 

A hearty stew should be a simple affair--beefy, savoury, and crowned with a ring of fluffy dumplings.  No garlic required.  Find recipe by Felicity Cloake at https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2011/feb/03/how-cook-perfect-beef-stew 

In telecommunications, 5G is the fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which cellular phone companies began deploying worldwide in 2019, and is the planned successor to the 4G networks which provide connectivity to most current cellphones.  5G networks are predicted to have more than 1.7 billion subscribers worldwide by 2025, according to the GSM Association.  Like its predecessors, 5G networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells.  All 5G wireless devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and telephone network by radio waves through a local antenna in the cell.  The main advantage of the new networks is that they will have greater bandwidth, giving higher download speeds,  eventually up to 10 gigabits per second (Gbit/s).  Due to the increased bandwidth, it is expected the networks will increasingly be used as general internet service providers for laptops and desktop computers, competing with existing ISPs such as cable internet, and also will make possible new applications in internet of things (IoT) and machine to machine areas.  4G cellphones are not able to use the new networks, which require 5G enabled wireless devices.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G 

A hive mind or group mind may refer to shared intelligence.  See uses in media at  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hive_mind 

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2411  August 27, 2021 

Oeuf mayonnaise, sometimes shortened to oeuf mayo, is a simple French egg dish.  It is an hors d'oeuvre and is considered a classic bistro dish.  A serving consists of a large chicken egg, which is almost hard boiled, although it is removed from the heat while the yolk retains a little creaminess.  The egg is then chilled, peeled and halved lengthwise.  The halves are presented face down on a plate, resembling white domes.  Then, the egg halves are entirely covered with a sauce consisting of mayonnaise and Dijon mustard, thinned with enough water or lemon juice that it can be poured with a spoon.  The dish is served either on a leaf of lettuce, or with crudités on the side.  It can be garnished with snipped chives, parsley, chervil, fried capers, thin-sliced, roasted red bell pepper or an anchovy fillet.  In the late 1980s, the dish was going out of fashion in Paris, perhaps in part due to concern about eggs being a high cholesterol food.  In 1990, Claude Lebey, author of several restaurant guides, founded a group that he called the Association de sauvegarde de l’oeuf mayonnaise to promote the dish and its proper preparation.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeuf_mayonnaise

He was so famous that fan letters addressed to "Mark Twain, God knows where" and "Mark Twain.  Somewhere (Try Satan)" found their way to him; the White House accommodatingly forwarded something addressed to "Mark Twain, c/o President Roosevelt".  Like Charles Dickens, Twain achieved immense success with his first book, became his nation's most famous and best-loved author, and has remained a national treasure ever since–America's most archetypal writer, an instantly recognisable, white-haired, white-suited, folksy, cantankerous icon.  Since his death on 21 April 1910, Twain's writings have reportedly inspired more commentary than those of any other American author and have been translated into at least 72 languages.  Mark Twain understood publicity so well that he was merely amused when Huck Finn was banned by libraries across the US; when it was banned in Omaha, Nebraska, for example, he sent a telegram to the local newspaper, observing facetiously:  "I am tearfully afraid this noise is doing much harm.  It has started a number of hitherto spotless people to reading Huck Finn [. . .]  The publishers are glad, but it makes me want to borrow a handkerchief and cry."  Twain's cult of personality--as lecturer and novelist, commentator and social critic, travel and humour writer, gadfly and avuncular curmudgeon--as carefully judged, his folksy humour natural, but strategically deployed.  He wrote out of a tradition of tall tales; this is why he was particularly suited to travel writing, which allowed him to be anecdotal and digressive, without much regard to structure or plot.  Huck Finn itself is travel writing, in which the raft-trip down the Mississippi provides the picaresque structure for an episodic tale, an Edenic journey away from civilisation, as well as an occasionally frightening glimpse of the (all-too-human) wilderness.  Sarah Churchwell  https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/oct/30/mark-twain-american-sarah-churchwell 

Bergamot is a plant that produces a type of citrus fruit.  Oil from the peel of the fruit, and extract from the fruit juice, are used to make medicine.  Bergamot is used for high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia).  It is also used for other conditions, often as aromatherapy, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.  In foods, bergamot oil is widely used as a citrus flavoring agent, especially in gelatins and puddings.  In manufacturing, bergamot oil is used in perfumes, creams, lotions, soaps, and suntan oils.  https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-142/bergamot  Bergamot is pronounced bur-guh-mot. 

 

The Google Ngram Viewer or Google Books Ngram Viewer is an online search engine that charts the frequencies of any set of search strings using a yearly count of n-grams found in sources printed between 1500 and 2019 in Google's text corpora in English, Chinese (simplified), French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Russian, or Spanish.  There are also some specialized English corpora, such as American English, British English, and English Fiction.  The program can search for a word or a phrase, including misspellings or gibberish.  The n-grams are matched with the text within the selected corpus, optionally using case-sensitive spelling (which compares the exact use of uppercase letters), and, if found in 40 or more books, are then displayed as a graph.  The Google Ngram Viewer supports searches for parts of speech and wildcards.  It is routinely used in research.   The program was developed by Jon Orwant and Will Brockman and released in mid-December 2010.  It was inspired by a prototype called "Bookworm" created by Jean-Baptiste Michel and Erez Aiden from Harvard's Cultural Observatory and Yuan Shen from MIT and Steven Pinker.  The Ngram Viewer was initially based on the 2009 edition of the Google Books Ngram Corpus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Ngram_Viewer  Thank you, Muse reader!  

Find an Ngram viewer search for filibuster at https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=filibuster&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cfilibuster%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cfilibuster%3B%2Cc0  and over-psychologize at https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=over-psychologize&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cover%20-%20psychologize%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cover%20-%20psychologize%3B%2Cc0 

"America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" is an American patriotic song, the lyrics of which were written by Samuel Francis Smith.  The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen".  The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like "Hail, Columbia") before the adoption of "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the official U.S. national anthem in 1931.   Samuel Francis Smith wrote the lyrics to "America" in 1831 while a student at the Andover Theological Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts.  The use of the same melody as the British royal anthem can be described as a contrafactum which reworks this symbol of British monarchy to make a statement about American democracy.  Smith gave Mason the lyrics he had written, and the song was first performed in public on July 4, 1831, at a children's Independence Day celebration at Park Street Church in Boston.  The first publication of "America" was in 1832.  Verse 2:  My native country, thee,  Land of the noble free,  Thy name I love;  I love thy rocks and rills,  Thy woods and templed hills;  My heart with rapture thrills,  Like that above.   Find music and lyrics at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_(My_Country,_%27Tis_of_Thee) 

rill  from or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).  noun  a very small brook; a streamlet. quotations ▼ verb  rill   (third-person singular simple present rills, present participle rilling, simple past and past participle rilled)  To trickle, pour, or run like a small stream.  trickle, pour, or run like a small stream.  quotations ▼ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rill 

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2410  August 25, 2021