U.S. States 21-30, Illinois through Wisconsin
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21
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Illinois Illinois
comes from the word Illini, a confederation of the Cahokia, Kaskaskia,
Michigamea, Moingwena, Peoria and Tamaroa Indian tribes.
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December 3, 1818
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22
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December 14, 1819
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23
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Maine Maine refers to the mainland.
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March 15, 1820
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24
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Missouri Missouri was named for an Algonquian Indian word
that means "river of the big canoes."
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August 10, 1821
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25
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Arkansas Arkansas is from the Quapaw (Sioux) word
"acansa," which means "downstream place" or "south
wind."
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June 15, 1836
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26
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Michigan Michigan is from an Algonquian Chippewa Indian word
"meicigama" that means "big sea wate" (referring to the
Great Lakes).
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January 26, 1837
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27
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Florida Ponce de Leon named the state "Pascua de
Florida," meaning "Feast of Flowers" and claimed it for Spain
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March 3, 1845
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28
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Texas The Caddo Indians of eastern Texas called their
group of tribes the "Tejas," meaning "those who are
friends".
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December 29, 1845
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29
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Iowa
The name Iowa comes from Ioway, the
French word for the Bah-kho-je Indian tribe that lived in the area.
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December 28, 1846
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30
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Wisconsin Wisconsin is from an Indian word, but the origin is
uncertain. It is perhaps an Algonquian Indian word that means "long
river," a Chippewa/Ojibwa/Anishinabe word, "Ouisconsin," that
means "grassy place," or "gathering of the waters."
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May 29, 1848
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The Suwannee River area has been inhabited by
humans for thousands of years. During
the first millennium AD it was inhabited by the people of the Weedon Island archaeological culture, and
around 900 a derivative local culture, known as the Suwanee River Valley
culture, developed. By the 16th century
the river was inhabited by two closely related Timucua tribes:
the Yustaga,
who lived on the west side of the river, and the Northern
Utina, who lived on the east side. Jerald Milanovich states that
"Suwannee" developed through "San Juan-ee" from the
17th-century Spanish mission of San Juan de Guacara,
located on the river known to the Spanish as "Guacara". William
Bright says the name "Suwanee" comes from the name of a Cherokee
village,
"On, Wisconsin!" is the fight song of the Wisconsin
Badgers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. With modified lyrics, it is also the official
state song of Wisconsin. "On, Wisconsin!" was also the cry
that Arthur MacArthur, Jr. used in the Battle of Chattanooga at Missionary
Ridge, in the Civil War.
The tune was composed in 1909 by William T. Purdy, with the intention of
entering it into a competition for a new fight song at the University of Minnesota. Carl Beck, a former University of Wisconsin–Madison student, convinced him
to withdraw it from the contest at the last minute and allow his alma mater to
use it instead. Beck then wrote the
original, football-oriented lyrics, changing the words "Minnesota,
Minnesota" to "On, Wisconsin! On, Wisconsin. The lyrics were
rewritten for the state song in 1913 by Judge Charles D. Rosa and J. S.
Hubbard. The song was widely recognized
as the state song at that time, but was never officially designated. Finally in 1959, "On, Wisconsin!"
was codified in Chapter 170, Laws of 1959, and is incorporated in Section 1.10
of the statutes. "On, Wisconsin!" was regarded by John
Philip Sousa as "the finest of college marching songs". It has become one of the most popular fight
songs in the country, with some 2,500 schools using some variation of it as
their school song. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On,_Wisconsin!
Word Craft by Lee Child Every
word in a book—dialogue or not—must propel the reader irresistibly forward. I take a lot from rock 'n' roll lyrics. I want that kind of subliminal, pulsing
backbeat. Think about this line from
Chuck Berry's "Johnny B. Goode": "There stood a log cabin made
of earth and wood." "Made of earth and wood" is a luxury in such
a fast, tight song. But the extra words
throw the whole thing forward, to what we know is going to be a rhyme. They
build a flowing momentum. Dialogue in novels doesn't—shouldn't—rhyme. But I try to capture the same kind of momentum.
In my latest novel, my longtime
protagonist Jack Reacher advises an FBI agent to place a precautionary phone
call. She
replies: "You mean, if we fail to get the job done and I'm the only
survivor?" "Obviously
there's a number of possible outcomes."
"And that's one of
them?" "That's
two of them. We might fail to get the
job done with no survivors." I hoped that the three internal "rhymes" in
that passage—done, one, done—would serve as little motors to speed the reader
to the end of the chapter, as well as raising the narrative stakes in the
conventional literary sense. And, of course, rhythm—and the characterization of a
taciturn man—sometimes calls for silent beats. Hence a frequent line of "dialogue"
in all my books: "Reacher said nothing." http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444004704578030890808804084.html
An Israeli judge has ruled that a huge trove of documents
written by Franz
Kafka and his friend Max Brod that have been hidden from view for
decades must be turned over to Israel’s
national library, which plans to publish them online. The ruling, made public on October 14, came
after a lengthy legal battle that divided literary scholars around the world
and pitted the government of Israel against the reclusive daughter of Mr.
Brod’s former secretary, who had possession of the papers and sold some of them
for millions of dollars. When
Mr. Brod, who had been the administrator of Kafka’s estate, died in 1968, he
bequeathed to his secretary, Esther Hoffe, his and Kafka’s papers. Ms. Hoffe stashed them in her Tel Aviv
apartment, where a scholar was last permitted to examine them in the 1980s; in
1988, she sold Kafka’s manuscript for “The Trial” for $2 million. When she died in 2007, the materials passed to
her daughters. One of them, Eva Hoffe,
said in a 2008 interview that she was destitute and saw Mr. Brod’s archive as
her only asset; she said she wanted to write a book about Mr. Brod. The German Literary Archive had supported her
legal position, demanding the right to purchase the papers. But Judge Kopelman Pardo rejected Ms. Hoffe’s
claim that the papers were a gift from Mr. Brod to her mother, instead viewing
them as a trust she was to administer. The
judge noted that Mr. Brod’s 1948 will instructed that his archive go to a
“public Jewish library or archive in Palestine,”
and that he later specified Hebrew University, where Israel’s national library
is housed. Ms. Hoffe
plans to appeal the decision, her lawyer said. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/world/middleeast/woman-must-relinquish-kafka-papers-judge-says.html?_r=1&ref=todayspaper
Nobel prizes 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/year/?year=2012
NPR’s
“Morning Edition” has one of the most peculiar formats of any
morning show on radio or television: it’s split between the East Coast, with the
co-host Steve Inskeep in Washington, and the West, with Renee Montagne. The director cues Ms. Montagne through a
videoconferencing system, and the co-hosts routinely add what they call
“splits” to their scripts, so that they share the responsibility for
introductions and interviews. “We are
functionally sitting next to one another,” Ms. Montagne said, yet by staying on
separate coasts, they are reflecting the audience’s geographic diversity. The format is working for “Morning Edition,”
the highest-rated news program on radio, which is holding onto its audience at
a time when declines are the norm across the fractionalized media landscape. The program is adapting to the Web by letting
listeners download episodes to music. Each day, the audience is 6.6 million, a
number that compares favorably to the two biggest morning shows on television,
ABC’s “Good Morning America” and NBC’s “Today.” Each of those shows averages four million to
five million viewers a day. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/business/media/nprs-morning-edition-broadcast-by-a-bicoastal-team.html?pagewanted=1&ref=todayspaper
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