Monday, July 20, 2020


Shea butter is fat that’s extracted from the nuts of the shea tree.  It’s solid at warm temperatures and has an off-white or ivory color.  Shea trees are native to West Africa, and most shea butter still comes from that region.  Shea butter has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for centuries.  Its high concentration of vitamins and fatty acids—combined with its easy-to-spread consistency—make it a great product for smoothing, soothing, and conditioning your skin.  Find 22 reasons to use shea butter and how to use it at https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/what-is-shea-butter

“Skedaddle” first appeared in written accounts of battles in the American Civil War used to mean “to retreat quickly; to flee” (“As soon as the rebs saw our red breeches … coming through the woods they skedaddled,” 1862).  In military use there were definite overtones of cowardice under fire in “skedaddle,” but as the word quickly percolated into civilian usage, it came to mean simply “to leave quickly” or “to run away.”  There are a number of theories about the origin of “skedaddle,” but no definite answer to the puzzle.  The relatively sudden appearance of “skedaddle” as a fully-formed word, with no known ancestors in English, tends to argue for its importation from another language.  There are theories that attempt to trace “skedaddle” to various Swedish or Danish words but fail on lack of evidence.  It is more probable that “skedaddle” is rooted in the Irish word “sgedadol,” meaning “scattered,” or the Scots word “”skiddle,” meaning “to spill or scatter.”  http://www.word-detective.com/2009/06/skedaddle/

Before it became the sweet summertime treat it is today, the watermelon was one foul, functional fruit.  In fact, the wild watermelons of ancient times would hardly be recognizable to even the most seasoned Citrullus connoisseurs of today.  Firm, seedy, and pale green on the inside, they were characterized by their bland or bitter taste.  But despite their rather unpalatable flesh, they were evidently important fruits to keep around.  In fact, they were cultivated for hundreds of years before they began to taste like something worth plating.  But if not a flavorful fruit, what were these watermelons good for?  According to the work of Harry S. Paris, a horticulturalist at the Agricultural Research Organization in Israel, ancient Egyptians likely harvested the round fruit for its water.  Wild or “spontaneous” plants, Paris writes, can be sources of clean water during the long, dry season, and can provide food for livestock and animals.  Abbey Perreault   https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/where-are-watermelons-from?utm_source=Gastro+Obscura+Weekly+E-mail&utm_campaign=fdb9f41ad8-GASTRO_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_06_27&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_2418498528-fdb9f41ad8-71793902&mc_cid=fdb9f41ad8&mc_eid=aef0869a63

Israeli couscous may be Israeli, but it’s definitely not couscous.  Couscous is ground semolina (crucially without being mixed with either egg or water) rubbed together with wet hands until tiny granules form and are then dried.  Israeli couscous, on the other hand, is tiny balls (about the size of larger peppercorns) of true pasta made from both wheat flour and semolina then toasted.  Asparagus is a natural mate to Israeli couscous.  Its brightness and astringency pairs well with the earthiness of the pasta.  Tomato confit completes the picture by bringing sweetness, acidity, and color to the dish.  Excerpted from Modern Kosher by Michael Aaron Gardiner. Copyright 2020 Rizzoli New York.   https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/israeli-couscous-with-asparagus-and-tomato-confit  serves 4

Cinéma vérité ('truthful cinema') is a style of documentary filmmaking, invented by Jean Rouch, inspired by Dziga Vertov's theory about Kino-Pravda.  It combines improvisation with the use of the camera to unveil truth or highlight subjects hidden behind crude reality.  Many film directors of the 1960s and later adopted use of the handheld camera, techniques and cinéma vérité styles for their fiction films based on screenplays and actors.  They often had actors using improvisation to get a more spontaneous quality in their talks and action.  Influential examples include director John Cassavetes, who broke ground with his film Faces.  The techniques (if not always the spirit) of cinéma vérité can also be seen in fiction films from The Blair Witch Project to Saving Private Ryan.  Cinéma vérité was also readily adapted to use in TV fiction programs, such as Homicide: Life on the StreetNYPD Blue, both the UK and American versions of The OfficeParks & Recreation and Modern Family.  It has also been the subject ripe for parodies and spoofs such as the acclaimed mockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap and Emmy-nominated TV series Documentary Now (the latter paying homage to the style of such CV classics as Grey Gardens and The War Room).  See comparisons of cinéma vérité to observational cinema and direct cinema at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9

The Historic Artists’ Homes and Studios (HAHS) program, part of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, is a growing consortium of 44 sites established in 1999 out of an initiative developed by Dr. Wanda Corn, a professor of art history at Stanford University, that acknowledged that artists’ homes and studios were unique museums, not only housing collections of artists’ works but also exploring artists’ relationships with the built environment—and preserving that built environment.  See Inside the Homes and Studios of 13 American Artists by Stefanie Waldek--a new book guides readers through the historic spaces of artists from Edward Hopper to Jackson Pollock at https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/inside-homes-studios-american-artists  Enjoy beautiful pictures.  Thank you, Muse reader!

Thanks to its odd appearance and elusive history, the Mexican sour gherkin is always confused with a cucumber or pickled cucumber.  To confuse matters even further, it is also referred to as “cucamelon” or “mouse melon”.  And did you know:  A commercial London skyscraper is also nicknamed gherkin due to its resemblance to the fruit?  But we need to say it upfront:  The Mexican sour gherkin is NOT a cucumber.  Yes, they both belong to the same gourd family “Cucurbitaceae” and the gherkin is often called a “miniature cucumber” but they are from different cultivar groups.  Only one species i.e. Cucumis Sativus is considered a cucumber, but the Mexican sour gherkin which is 1-3 inches in size belongs to Melothria, another genus entirely.  So it is not an actual cucumber, but an honorary one.  https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/what-is-a-gherkin-is-it-different-from-a-pickled-cucumber-1620893

Writing better user stories with Gherkin and Cucumber by Michael Williams  https://medium.com/@mvwi/story-writing-with-gherkin-and-cucumber-1878124c284c

The public library is no stranger to crisis and has often flourished in times of wider emergency.  The idea of providing tax-based local libraries was born during the first major crisis of industrial capitalism, against the backdrop of Chartist agitation.  Whereas some European countries got bourgeois revolutions (in 1848), Britain got public libraries; the Public Libraries Act, which allowed local authorities to establish free public libraries, arrived on the statute book in 1850.  In 1850, in looking forward to the Great Exhibition scheduled for the following year, the Art Journal warned that Britain had yielded the ‘palm of excellence’ to French, German and Bohemian manufacturers in respect of goods that contained a critical artistic-design element.  Library promoters argued that increased exposure to art and design through the provision of art books and artefacts in attached museums would improve the quality of manufacturers because taste would be universally elevated and workers’ skills improved.  While acknowledging the economic power of art, Edward Edwards, the country’s first public librarian, believed libraries could help relieve the alienating, dehumanising effect of industrialisation.  He suggested that giving artisans access to books would not only ‘solace the intervals of toil’ but also ‘put new meaning in the toil, and new life in the toiler’.  Linked to this was the idea that a library offered sanctuary from an urbanising society in which the pace and stresses of life were rapidly increasing.  In 1914, many librarians went to war, and there were other interruptions to service, but reading for light relief as well as about the causes of the conflict and other international matters increased in popularity.  Technical and commercial departments were inaugurated in the context of the reconstruction effort, which was partly aimed at guarding against the spread of revolutionary ideas.  Reconstruction also gave rise to reformed legislation (in 1919), which allowed county councils to open libraries, thereby giving library access to millions in rural areas for the first time.  During the Great Depression of the 1930s, libraries offered distraction from the misery of daily life.  In the Second World War, 50 libraries were destroyed or severely damaged.  Those that survived the bombing were blacked out, but the opening hours of many were lengthened and a massive boom in reading was accommodated, as people sought diversion and ways to maintain morale.  Alistair Black  https://www.apollo-magazine.com/public-libraries-in-times-of-crisis-covid-pandemic/?utm_source=editorial&utm_medium=LJTW&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_campaign=articles

THOUGHT FOR JULY 20  The most valuable possession you can own is an open heart.  The most powerful weapon you can be is an instrument of peace. - Carlos Santana, musician (b. 20 Jul 1947)

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2231  July 20, 2020 

Friday, July 17, 2020


James Lenfestey on an Icon of the Native American Literary Renaissance  In 1970, I founded one of the first college courses in Native American Literature.  I knew nothing about it, trained in the mainstream white male literary canon of the day, but I heard the drums:  The drums of the Native activist takeover of Alcatraz Island in 1969, and back near my hometown of Green Bay, Wisconsin, the DRUMS (an acronym for “Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Stockholders”) of stirring resistance to the effects of federal termination of the Menominee reservation.  Plus the growing beats of the early Native civil rights protests by the nascent American Indian Movement emanating from its hometown of Minneapolis, Minnesota, which would rise to a national crescendo with the occupation of Wounded Knee in 1973.  In literature, the thunderbolt was the 1969 Pulitzer Prize awarded to House Made of Dawn, a brilliantly lyrical novel by Kiowa poet and painter N. Scott Momaday.  That spark burst into flame soon enough in the works of James Welch, Leslie Marmon Silko, Gerry Vizenor, Duane Niatum, Linda Hogan, Simon Ortiz, and an efflorescence of poets including current U.S. Poet laureate Joy Harjo, clustered into what is now termed the Native American Renaissance of the 1970s and 80s.  A full flowering of that Renaissance occurred in 1984 with the publication of Love Medicine by Louise Erdrich, an author of Ojibwe and German ancestry.  The book won the National Book Critics Circle Award.  The linked stories in Love Medicine housed the author’s now trademark memorable characters and omnipresent sly humor that simultaneously lances the heart, all couched in prose so deft it could have been poetry.  In fact, Erdrich had already won two prestigious poetry awards, and her first collection, Jacklight, was published that same year.  Had her poems not been eclipsed by her storytelling ambition, she would today stand in the front rank of American poets. James P. Lenfesty  https://lithub.com/on-louise-erdich-and-salvaging-wisdom-from-absurdity-and-injustice/

The cottonwood—also known as the poplar—is a tall tree with a spreading crown, named for its cotton-like seeds.  The diverse poplar family includes the quaking aspen, which boasts the widest range of any North American tree, and the Plains cottonwood, which was the only tree many early settlers met as they forged westward through America's prairies.  Few sights were more welcome to America’s early pioneers than the cottonwood.  As they pushed westward with their wagons, these men and women found food for their livestock in the tree's leaves, as well as shade for themselves and timber for their dwellings.  Trunks provided dugout canoes, and the tree’s bark was used to produce both forage for horses and a bitter medicinal tea.  And in regions with few trees, the very noticeable cottonwoods often served as gathering places and trail markers, and as sacred objects for several Plains tribes.  Today, cottonwood is most commonly used in making plywood, matches, crates, boxes, and paper pulp.
https://www.arborday.org/programs/nationaltree/cottonwood.cfm  See cottonwood place names at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonwood  (California, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah use cottonwood more than once as place names.)

Charles Dickens wrote the novel A Tale of Two Cities as a serial to help launch his new weekly journal All The Year Round in the spring of 1859.  It was a critical time in both his personal and professional life.  He had, against a background of much gossip, separated from his wife Catherine after twenty-three years of marriage and the birth of ten children.  He had quarrelled with his publishers, also after twenty-three years, and had terminated the weekly journal Household Words that he had been publishing with them since 1850.  Added to that, he was considering starting a new career as a public reader of his own work.  https://dickensmuseum.com/blogs/charles-dickens-museum/what-inspired-a-tale-of-two-cities-by-professor-michael-slater  "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times," Charles Dickens writes in the opening lines of A Tale of Two Cities as he paints a picture of life in England and France.  The year is late 1775.  The revolution erupts with full force in July 1789 with the storming of the Bastille.  https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/t/a-tale-of-two-cities/book-summary

The Scarlet Pimpernel is the first novel in a series of historical fiction by Baroness Orczy, published in 1905.  It was written after her stage play of the same title enjoyed a long run in London, having opened in Nottingham in 1903.  The novel is set during the Reign of Terror following the start of the French Revolution.  The title is the nom de guerre of its hero and protagonist, a chivalrous Englishman who rescues aristocrats before they are sent to the guillotine.  Sir Percy Blakeney leads a double life: apparently nothing more than a wealthy fop, but in reality a formidable swordsman and a quick-thinking escape artist.  The band of gentlemen who assist him are the only ones who know of his secret identity.  He is known by his symbol, a simple flower, the scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis).  Marguerite Blakeney, his French wife, does not share his secret. She is approached by the new French envoy to England, Chauvelin, with a threat to her brother's life if she does not aid in the search for the Pimpernel. She aids him, and then discovers that the Pimpernel is also very dear to her. She sails to France to stop the envoy.  Opening at the New Theatre in London's West End on January 5, 1905, the play became a favourite of British audiences, eventually playing more than 2,000 performances and becoming one of the most popular shows staged in Britain.  Orczy's premise of a daring hero who cultivates a secret identity disguised by a meek or ineffectual manner proved enduring. Zorrothe Shadowthe Spiderthe PhantomSuperman and Batman followed within a few decades, and the trope remains a popular one in serial fiction today.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Pimpernel

"Brilliant numbers, as defined by Peter Wallrodt, are numbers with two prime factors of the same length (in decimal notation).  These numbers are generally used for cryptographic purposes, and for testing the performance of prime factoring programs.  The challenge is to continue the table shown on the website.  This table contains the least brilliant number with an even number of digits and the greatest brilliant number with an odd number of digits."  http://www.alpertron.com.ar/BRILLIANT.HTM#2br  This website shows a huge table of 2-brilliant, 3-brilliant, and 4-brilliant numbers.

The 12 greatest, strangest, most transfixing dance scenes in the history of crime movies—because people may cheat, steal, and kill, but their hips don't lie by Dwyer Murphy https://crimereads.com/the-12-greatest-strangest-most-transfixing-dance-scenes-in-the-history-of-crime-movies/

June 30, 2020  When Cincinnati’s Melanie Moore retired in 2017 after 25 years as a teacher, she wanted to pursue her dream of opening a brick and mortar bookstore.  She did her research and even landed a lease on a space in 2018, but the night before she was to sign it, she had second thoughts about the high cost and overhead.  She put her search on hold, and after reading the 1915 book Parnassus on Wheels by Christopher Morley, about a traveling, mobile bookstore, she decided to start her own with The Book Bus, in 2019, using her husband’s 1962 Volkswagon Transporter.  Since she didn’t have to purchase a vehicle, and used her own personal library for her initial inventory, her start-up costs were low.  Moore spent around $5,000 updating the truck with brakes and a new clutch, buying merchandise like t-shirts and mugs and business needs, including Square and a vendor’s license.  She began doing bookselling pop-ups at local coffee shop, festivals, city fleas and markets, that she could reach within 40 minutes, and spreading the word about her offerings via Instagram.  The most popular books that I offer are special editions of classics and books that are not available locally that I have brought in from the UK.  As far as I know, I am the only US bookstore that carries Persephone Books of London,” said Moore.  While the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that Moore can’t sell books at public events for the time being, she’s pivoted her business, selling books online via Bookshop and audiobooks via Libro.fm, hosting a book club on Zoom she began in January, and renting out the bus for photo shoots and birthday parties.  When she does bring books to sell at parties, she practices social distancing and uses contactless methods of payment, though 95% of her sales are happening online.  Rachel Kramer Bussel  https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelkramerbussel/2020/06/30/why-a-retired-cincinnati-teacher-started-the-book-bus-a-mobile-bookstore-on-wheels/#e19a4d24e8d9

Author Joanna Cole, whose “Magic School Bus” books transported millions of young people on extraordinary and educational adventures, died July 13, 2020 at age 75.  The idea for “The Magic School Bus” came in the mid-1980s.  Scholastic senior editorial director Craig Walker was receiving frequent requests from teachers for books about science and thought a combination of storytelling and science would catch on. He brought in Cole, whose humorous work such as the children’s book “Cockroaches” he had admired, and illustrator Bruce Degen.  With the ever maddening but inspired Ms. Frizzle leading her students on journeys that explored everything from the solar system to underwater, “Magic School Bus” books have sold tens of millions of copies and were the basis for a popular animated TV series and a Netflix series.  Plans for a live-action movie, with Elizabeth Banks as Ms. Frizzle, were announced last month.  Ms. Frizzle was based in part on a fifth-grade teacher of Cole’s.   https://apnews.com/d4900f11e6bb8c38c620284487ac50c4

July 17 is the Day of International Criminal Justice, which was instituted by the states parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to recognize the importance of international criminal justice.  Wikipedia

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2300  July 17, 2020

Wednesday, July 15, 2020


One of the oldest libraries in Europe is the Bodleian Library at England's Oxford University.  Opened in 1602, it incorporates the older Duke Humfrey's Library from the 15th century.  In those days, libraries were placed above classrooms for maximum sunlight and minimum moisture.  Books were considered so precious that many were actually chained to a desk.  Many of Europe's oldest universities have equally fascinating libraries, such as the architecturally glorious Wren Library at Cambridge's Trinity College, the grand Baroque King João's Library at Coimbra Univeristy in central Portugal, and the library at Dublin's Trinity College, which holds the magnificent Book of Kells.  The library at Strahov Monastery in Prague is filled with books from the 10th through 17th centuries, shelved under elaborately frescoed ceilings that celebrate philosophy, theology, and the quest for knowledge.  As the Age of Enlightenment took hold, the Church struggled to maintain its social and political power.  Books that contained challenging ideas—by thinkers like Nicolaus Copernicus, Jan Hus, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau—were placed in a gilded, locked case.  Only the abbot had the key, and you needed his blessing to open it.  Pondering these treasured volumes from our Information Age perspective, I'm reminded of the importance of free access to information.  Not far to the south is the massive Melk Abbey, gleaming on its hilltop over the Wachau Valley, just up the Danube from Vienna.  My favorite part of a visit here is its elegant libraryanother remainder from when monasteries served as crucial storehouses of knowledge.  Rick Steves  Read more at https://www.luxurytraveladvisor.com/europe/visiting-europe-s-great-libraries


While the claim that Thomas Jefferson introduced ice cream to the United States is demonstrably false, he can be credited with the first known recipe recorded by an American.  Jefferson also likely helped to popularize ice cream in this country when he served it at the President’s House in Washington.  One of only ten recipes surviving in Thomas Jefferson’s hand, the recipe for ice cream most likely dates to his time in France.  Although Jefferson himself did not note the source, Jefferson’s granddaughter Virginia recorded a virtually identical recipe sometime later in the 19th century and attributed it to “Petit,” indicating that Adrien Petit, Jefferson’s French butler, was the original source of this recipe.  Ice cream recipes appear in French cookbooks starting in the late 17th century, and in English-language cookbooks in the early 18th century.  Hannah Glasse’s popular Art of Cookery (1751 edition) contained a recipe for ice cream.  There are accounts of ice cream being served in the American colonies as early as 1744.  Read more and find the recipe—and a picture of a recipe for ice cream in Thomas Jefferson’s hand from the Library of Congress--at https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/ice-cream  Thank you, Muse reader! 

Cerberus, in Greek mythology, is the monstrous watchdog of the underworld.  He was usually said to have three heads, though the poet Hesiod (flourished 7th century BCE) said he had 50.  Heads of snakes grew from his back, and he had a serpent’s tail.  He devoured anyone who tried to escape the kingdom of Hades, the lord of the underworld, and he refused entrance to living humans, though the mythic hero Orpheus gained passage by charming him with music.  One of the labours of the warrior Heracles was to bring Cerberus up to the land of the living; after succeeding, he returned the creature to Hades.  https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cerberus

On July 15, 2020 get ready to meet the King of Dreams and of the members of his powerful, but unusual family.  The wait will finally be over for The Sandman when US audio entertainment producer Audible releases the first instalment of a multi-part audio adaptation of British author Neil Gaiman’s classic DC comic series.  This instalment adapts the first three volumes of The Sandman, namely Preludes and Nocturnes, The Doll’s House and Dream Country. The original run of Gaiman's comic book series The Sandman ran for 75 issues from January 1989 to March 1996.  The Sandman has been critically acclaimed, and hailed by the Los Angeles Times magazine as "the greatest epic in the history of comic books".  It tells the story of Morpheus, the immortal king of dreams and stories, and his interactions with characters from myths, real-life history and fiction.  Terence Toh  https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/07/13/dreams-come-true-039the-sandman039-audio-drama-series-arrives-july-15

Midsummer corn is so tender, crisp, and sweet that the best way to eat it is raw.  Kelli Foster  Find five ways to gobble up summer corn without turning on the heat at

July 10, 2020  Inspired by Giovanni Boccaccio’s “The Decameron,” a 14th-century collection of tales told by a group of 10 characters taking shelter in an Italian villa during the Black Plague, this weekend’s special issue of the magazine features stories from Margaret Atwood, David Mitchell, Téa Obreht, Karen Russell, Tommy Orange, Yiyun Li and others.  The so-called Decameron Project is the first time in the magazine’s modern history that an entire issue is devoted to new fiction.  The magazine published all 29 stories it received, 22 of which are included in the print edition.  What was intended as a balm for readers was therapeutic for many of the writers, too.  “Creatively engaging with some of my anxieties about what was happening was so good for me,” said Mona Awad, who wrote “A Blue Sky Like This” for the project.  “I wrote a piece that is psychologically a bit of a horror story,” she said.  “I think that actually saved my brain a little bit.”  The authors wrote while quarantining in their homes across the country (Oakland, Miami, Portland) and the globe (Mexico, Ireland, Mozambique, Israel).  The stories grapple with fear, loss, sickness and uncertainty, but also with kindness, connection and humor.  Back-to-back, they knit a record of the shared experiences that can transcend circumstances to unite us.  Lauren McCarthy  https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/10/insider/magazine-decameron-fiction-issue.html?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage&section=Reader%20Center

Mellon and Yale Law School’s Justice Collaboratory announced on June 30, 2020 a new initiative to distribute a curated 500-book collection to 1,000 medium and maximum security prisons, including at least one juvenile detention center, across every state in the United States over the next three and a half years.  The Mellon Foundation’s $5.25 million grant will fund the Million Book Project, hosted at Yale Law School’s Justice Collaboratory, which aims to transform the role of literature and libraries in the lives of people in prison.  This marks the first major grant since the announcement of the Foundation’s new strategic plan to increase philanthropic efforts for the arts and humanities through a distinct lens of social justice.  The Million Book Project, conceptualized by poet and legal scholar Reginald Dwayne Betts and brought to life through a joint partnership with Yale Law School’s Justice Collaboratory and support from the Mellon Foundation, will have two objectives:  extending access to books--including poetry, literature, history, and social thought--across the prison system and creating opportunities for incarcerated people to interact with authors and the literary community.  https://mellon.org/news-blog/articles/million-book-project-provide-libraries-curated-books-1000-prison-facilities-across-united-states/

The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek.  The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.  The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at nearby Sais . It was probably moved in late antiquity or during the Mameluk period, and was eventually used as building material in the construction of Fort Julien near the town of Rashid (Rosetta) in the Nile Delta.  It was discovered there by French soldier Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt.  It was the first Ancient Egyptian bilingual text recovered in modern times, and it aroused widespread public interest with its potential to decipher this previously untranslated hieroglyphic script.  Lithographic copies and plaster casts began circulating among European museums and scholars.  The British defeated the French and took the stone to London under the Capitulation of Alexandria in 1801.  It has been on public display at the British Museum almost continuously since 1802 and is the most visited object there.  Study of the decree was already underway when the first full translation of the Greek text was published in 1803.  Jean-François Champollion announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in Paris in 1822; it took longer still before scholars were able to read Ancient Egyptian inscriptions and literature confidently.  Three other fragmentary copies of the same decree were discovered later, and several similar Egyptian bilingual or trilingual inscriptions are now known, including three slightly earlier Ptolemaic decrees:  the Decree of Alexandria in 243 BC, the Decree of Canopus in 238 BC, and the Memphis decree of Ptolemy  IV, c. 218 BC.  The Rosetta Stone is no longer unique, but it was the essential key to the modern understanding of ancient Egyptian literature and civilisation.  The term Rosetta Stone is now used to refer to the essential clue to a new field of knowledge.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone  The Rosetta Stone was discovered on July 15, 1799.

Travelwaits.com, a top travel website, named the Cincinnati-based ice cream shop among its "15 Tastiest Ice Cream Shops In The U.S."  Graeter's comes in at No. 3 on the list.  Founded in 1870, Graeter's Ice Cream is a Cincinnati institution, with 50 retail locations across the Midwest.  https://www.wlwt.com/article/graeters-named-among-best-ice-cream-spots-in-the-nation/33309996

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2299  July 15, 2020

Monday, July 13, 2020


The Historic House Trust of New York City was formed in 1989 as a public-private partnership with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to preserve the historic houses located within New York City parks, although most of the houses were not originally city-owned.  The Trust works with the individual houses to restore and promote the houses as a means of educating residents and visitors about the social, economic and political history of New York City and cast urban history in a new light.  The Trust includes 23 historic sites, with 18 operating as museums.  Find pictures, locations and descriptions of houses at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_House_Trust
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PINK CITY IN INDIA  If a member of the royal family were coming to your home, you’d probably spruce it up a bit—maybe rearrange the furniture and plop some peonies into a vase.  The king of Jaipur, however, went above and beyond what's expected of a host.  In an effort to impress the Prince of Wales ahead of his state visit in 1876, it is widely believed that the king had the entire city painted pink.   Prior to a state visit from Prince Albert Edward—the eldest son of Queen Victoria and her consort, Prince Albert—Jaipur’s buildings were either white or a “sallow yellow,” according to The Rough Guide to India.  At the urging of his favorite wife, the maharaja took it one step further and passed a law in 1877 making it illegal for buildings in the old city to be painted any color other than "Jaipur pink."  This law still remains in effect today.  Emily Petsko  See pictures at https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/542269/why-jaipurs-king-painted-his-city-pink-impress-prince-wales

PINK CITY IN FRANCE  Toulouse is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie.  The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from the Mediterranean Sea, 230 km (143 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km (420 mi) from Paris.  It is the fourth-largest city in France, with 479,553 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries (as of January 2017), and 1,360,829 inhabitants within its wider metropolitan area (also as of January 2017), after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe (founded in 1229) and, with more than 103,000 students, it is the fourth-largest university campus in France, after the universities of ParisLyon and Lille.  Founded by the Romans, the city was the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 5th century and the capital of the province of Languedoc in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (provinces were abolished during the French Revolution), making it the unofficial capital of the cultural region of Occitania (Southern France).  Toulouse counts two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Canal du Midi (designated in 1996 and shared with other cities), and the Basilica of St. Sernin, the largest remaining Romanesque building in Europe, designated in 1998 because of its significance to the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route.  The city's unique architecture made of pinkish terracotta bricks has earned Toulouse the nickname La Ville Rose (The Pink City).

Cacao beans are encased in an outer husk that must be removed and separated from the seed through a process called winnowing.  Winnowing cracks the cacao bean and separates the husk from the "nib".  We use the nib to make chocolate.  Our winnower is custom built: a piece from a juicer cracks the cacao, while a vacuum sucks up the lighter husk.  We donate our husks to Brooklyn Grange, Red Hook Community Farm, and Edible Schoolyard NYC, where they are used as compost.  Because the husk is indigestible and not tasty, it's much better for the soil and plants than for people.  https://www.raakachocolate.com/pages/unroasted

A knot garden is a formal garden designed to resemble a Celtic or Medieval knot.  Different types or colors of plants are used to differentiate the threads of the knot.  Small shrubs, herbs or perennials can be used in the beds created between or around the paths.  Knot gardens are almost always square.  Daily maintenance is required to keep the knot garden looking good.  Lynn Doxon  https://homeguides.sfgate.com/build-knot-garden-45720.html

In one of the twentieth century’s most memorable scenes from literature, a man is standing on a beach, pulling on a long rope that stretches out to sea.  The rope is covered in thick seaweed.  He yanks and tugs, and out of the foaming waves comes a horse’s head.  It’s black and shiny and lies there at the water’s edge, its dead eyes staring while greenish eels slither from every orifice.  The eels crawl out, shiny and entrails-like, more than two dozen of them; when the man has shoved them all into a potato sack, he pries open the horse’s grinning mouth, sticks his hands into its throat, and pulls out two more eels, as thick as his own arms.  This macabre fishing method is described in Günter Grass’s 1959 novel, The Tin Drum.  Rarely has the eel been more detestable.  The eel does not appear frequently in literature or art, but when it does, it’s often an unsettling, slightly revolting creature.  And yet the eel continued to be associated with the irrational psyche of humankind, with the alien and unfathomable, in both literature and art.  It remained a slimy, frightening creature of the dark, slithering out of the depths.  A creature unlike others.  In Fritiof Nilsson Piraten’s Swedish classic Bombi Bitt and Me, from 1932, the eel is a devil, a horned monster that has grown to more than ten feet long over the course of countless years in the depths.  In a remote and possibly bottomless Scanian pond, it has hidden away from humanity, until the book’s main characters, Eli and Bombi Bitt, along with old man Vricklund set out to catch it one night.  Vricklund manages to pull it out of the pond; it’s a “dark, monstrous creature, that whipped the water to foam”—and then a wild wrestling match ensues  The eel rises up like a “living telephone pole”; the moonlight outlines its large horns; the struggle ends only when Vricklund sinks his teeth into its enormous body.  from The Book of Eelsby Patrik Svensson. Copyright © 2019 by Patrik Svensson.  English translation copyright © 2020 by Agnes Broomé.  Read more at https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/07/01/ashes-to-ashes-eel-to-eel/

July 13, 2020  The United States, China and the United Arab Emirates are sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars in quick succession beginning this week, in the most sweeping effort yet to seek signs of ancient microscopic life while scouting out the place for future astronauts.  The U.S., for its part, is dispatching a six-wheeled rover the size of a car, named Perseverance, to collect rock samples that will be brought back to Earth for analysis in about a decade.  Each spacecraft will travel more than 300 million miles (483 million kilometers) before reaching Mars next February.  It takes six to seven months, at the minimum, for a spacecraft to loop out beyond Earth’s orbit and sync up with Mars’ more distant orbit around the sun.  Scientists want to know what Mars was like billions of years ago when it had rivers, lakes and oceans that may have allowed simple, tiny organisms to flourish before the planet morphed into the barren, wintry desert world it is today.  Marcia Dunn  https://apnews.com/4302ec5c515d37f53636b8ef60869991

July 12, 2020  The newly-discovered Comet Neowise--a big-tailed beauty which has become the brightest comet visible in the U.S. in a quarter-century--is now visible in Michigan in the evenings as well as just before sunrise.  It’s best seen with a good pair of binoculars or even a telescope, but its tail recently got brighter and it can be seen with your eyes.  Its approach will get closer until about July 23, scientists have said.  The comet was discovered in March, 2020 via NASA’s Neowise infrared space telescope, according to the Associated Press.  It has an official name--Comet C/2020 F3--but the telescope’s name has become the comet’s moniker.  Researchers say the comet is about 3 mile across.  Its origins are ancient.  “Its nucleus is covered with sooty material dating back to the origin of our solar system 4.6 billion years ago,” the AP said.  Neowise is expected to head back out toward our outer solar system in mid-August, but should be visible until then.  Tanda Gmiter  https://www.mlive.com/news/2020/07/how-to-see-comet-neowise-streaking-past-earth-before-it-disappears-for-6800-years.html

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2298  July 13, 2020

Friday, July 10, 2020


The Institute for Catalan Studies, also known by the acronym IEC, is an academic institution which seeks to undertake research and study into "all elements of Catalan culture".  It is based in Barcelona, Spain.  Enric Prat de la Riba, who was to become the first President of the Commonwealth of Catalonia, signed the founding document of the Institute, as president of the Provincial Deputation of Barcelona on June 17, 1907.  The IEC is one of a number of cultural and scientific institutions created at that time to lend greater prestige to the Catalan language and culture; others include the Biblioteca de Catalunya (Library of Catalonia), the Escola Industrial (Industrial School), the Hiking Club of Catalonia, the Escola Superior de Belles Arts (Higher School of Fine Arts) and the Escola del Treball (School of Labour), el Centre de Recerca Matemàtica.  Prat de la Riba also founded the Escola de l'Administració Local (School of Local Administration), in order to create a body of Catalan civil servants for the regional government.  The IEC was admitted to the Union Académique Internationale in 1922, shortly after the establishment of the latter.  During the dictatorship of Franco, along with many other Catalan cultural institutions, the Institut lived a semiclandestine existence, and was not officially restored to its previous status in the field of language standardisation until a 1991 bill was passed by the (also restored) Catalan Parliament.  The IEC inspired the creation of the Institut d'Estudis Occitans in Occitania.  Occitania is an area in southern France where Occitan (often called Provençal) has historically been spoken.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Catalan_Studies  See also https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=694872&p=4925818

William Wordsworth was not merely the most admired English poet of the 19th century:  his poetry made many things happen.  Locally, the ecology and economy of the vale of Grasmere, and the wider Lake District, were changed as a result of his canonization.  Nationally, he made new claims for the power of poetry that shaped the minds of the most influential thinkers in Victorian Britain.  Globally, his influence extended to John Muir’s passion for the preservation of Yosemite.  Adapted from Radical Wordsworth: The Poet Who Changed the World by Jonathan Bate, published by Yale University Press.  Copyright © 2020 Yale University Press.  Reprinted by permission of Yale University Press.  Read extensive article at https://lithub.com/on-the-radical-afterlives-of-william-wordsworth/

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg
hyponym  (HY-puh-nim) noun  A more specific term in a general class.  For example, “purple” is a hyponym of “color”.  From Greek hypo- (under) + -nym (name).  Earliest documented use:  1963.
swashbuckle  (SWASH-buhkl)  verb intr.:  To swagger, bluster, behave recklessly, etc.  Back-formation from swashbuckler (one who makes a noise by striking a sword on a shield), from swash (of imitative origin) + buckler (a small round shield), from boucle (a boss on a shield), from Latin buccula, diminutive of bucca (cheek).  Earliest documented use:  1897.  Swashbuckler is from 1560.

A hypostyle is a room with many rows of columns or pillars that support a flat ceiling or roof.  In the ancient world, hypostyles were used in architecture in places like Egypt, Persia, India and other parts of the Near and Middle East.  The word 'hypostyle' comes from the Greek language and it means 'beneath pillars.'  Hypostyle halls made for impressive interior spaces but often also dark ones, because all those columns blocked light's ability to penetrate.  Hypostyle halls sometimes held heavy symbolism.  Early builders often created hypostyles for rooms that led to inner sanctuaries, and ceremonial processions could take place that used the geometry of the columns to great advantage.  But these halls also needed the columns simply to support heavy flat ceilings.  Sometimes, to allow at least a little light in, the columns in the middle of the hypostyle were taller and the ceilings along the sides were lower.  This created wall areas above the central rows of columns that had rows of small clerestory windows added to allow light into the hall's middle.  An example of this is the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, built some time between 1290 and 1224 BC.  See illustrations at https://study.com/academy/lesson/hypostyle-definition-architecture.html

There are taxidermists driving taxis, there are bears picnicking on cub scouts.  It can mean only one thing:  the return of Far Side creator Gary Larson, publishing his first new work in 25 years.  Larson retired The Far Side, which was syndicated in almost 2,000 daily papers around the world for 15 years, in 1995, saying at the time that he feared that “if I continue for many more years my work will begin to suffer or at the very least ease into the Graveyard of Mediocre Cartoons”.  After promising a “new online era” last September with the launch of an online archive, on July 8, 2020 he shared three new Far Side strips, alongside a personal essay explaining why he’d come out of retirement.  Announcing his retirement in 1995 “felt good”, he said, as he had enjoyed not having to meet daily deadlines, and “after moving on to other interests, drawing just wasn’t on my to-do list”.  Lo and behold, within moments, I was having fun drawing again.  I was stunned at all the tools the thing offered, all the creative potential it contained.  I simply had no idea how far these things had evolved,” he wrote.  “Perhaps fittingly, the first thing I drew was a caveman.”  Learning how to draw digitally had been “a bit of learning curve”.  He wrote: “I hail from a world of pen and ink, and suddenly I was feeling like I was sitting at the controls of a 747.  But as overwhelmed as I was, there was still something familiar there--a sense of adventure.  That had always been at the core of what I enjoyed most when I was drawing The Far Side, that sense of exploring, reaching for something, taking some risks, sometimes hitting a home run and sometimes coming up with ‘Cow tools’.  (Let’s not get into that.)”  For now, Larson said, he is having fun, “exploring, experimenting, and trying stuff”--although the new venture is not, he stressed, a resurrection of his daily deadlines.  “So here goes.  I’ve got my coffee, I’ve got this cool gizmo, and I’ve got no deadlines.  And--to borrow from Sherlock Holmes--the game is afoot,” he wrote.  Alison Flood  https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jul/09/gary-larson-first-new-far-side-cartoons-25-years

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 2297  July 10, 2020