The Caselaw Access Project is making all U.S. case law freely accessible online.  Our common law---the written decisions issued by our state and federal courts--is not freely accessible online.  The Harvard Law School Library has one of the world's largest, most comprehensive collections of court decisions in print form.  Our collection totals over 42,000 volumes and roughly 40 million pages.  Caselaw Access Project aims to transform the official print versions of these court decisions into digital files made freely accessible online.  http://lil.law.harvard.edu/projects/caselaw-access-project/

The Archives of American Gardens (AAG) currently documents over 7,500 gardens throughout the United States.  Images in the collection, which show views from 1870s to the present, include such features as garden furniture and ornamentation, fountains, sculptures, fences and gates, parterres, and garden structures to name a few.  The design styles represented range from large Italianate estates to herb and rose gardens, cottage and patio gardens, and urban parks.  Although the bulk of the Archives consists of 35mm and glass lantern slides, photographs, negatives stereographs, and postcards, it also includes architectural drawings, plans, and business papers.  A wide range of written documentation for each garden in the Archives is available.  Garden files may include correspondence, journal articles, brochures, drawings, maps, pamphlets, bibliographic citations, and information forms completed by researchers.  Over 24,000 photographs from the Archives have been digitized and are publicly available through the Smithsonian's online catalog, www.siris.si.edu.  Catalog records may also be searched in the Collections Search Center, www.collections.si.edu.  http://gardens.si.edu/collections-research/aag.html

Stuart Landsborough's Puzzling World is a tourist attraction near Wanaka, New Zealand.  It started out as just a single level maze in 1973, but over the years expanded to add overbridges to the maze design (thus creating the world's first 3-D maze), a large "puzzling café" where guests could try out several puzzles, five large rooms of optical illusions, the Leaning Tower of Wanaka (which has a backwards clock that was started on the eve of the new millennium) and other attractions (such as the Roman Bathrooms) that ascribe to their theme of "puzzling eccentricity".  By 2007 Puzzling World had been visited over 2 million times.  The optical illusion rooms include a set of rooms built at a 15 degree angle, containing illusions such as water apparently flowing uphill, the octagonal "Hall of Following Faces" with spot-lit hollow mask illusions on the walls, and a perspectively confusing room with a delayed video feed where visitors can see themselves afterwards with seemingly different heights depending on where they were positioned in the room.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzling_World

Phrases coined in the U.S.A.mentioning living things include cold turkey, happy as a clam, bee's knees, get your goat, go the whole hog, and kangaroo court.

http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/american-phrases-and-sayings.html

Phrases coined in the U.S.A. mentioning food include pie in the sky, piece of cake, take the cake, and know your onions.  http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/american-phrases-and-sayings.html  Click on idioms to get origins of phrases. 

A Year to Celebrate:  Metroparks Toledo 2016 report  14 parks * 4 opened in the last 2 years * 3 new playgrounds * 4.5 miles of trail added * 172 community events * 745 acres wetland restoration * "Get Outside Yourself.  Rain or shine."

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.  The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of essential medicine.  As of 2016, more than 155 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization's model list.  This includes countries in both the developed and developing world.  The list is divided into core items and complementary items.  The core items are deemed to be the most cost effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources.  The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost-benefit ratio.  About 25% of items are in the complementary list.  Some medications are listed as both core and complementary.  While most medications on the list are available as generic products, being under patent does not exclude inclusion.  The first list was published in 1977 and included 212 medications. The WHO updates the list every two years.  The 20th edition is expected to be published in 2017.  A separate list for children up to 12 years of age, known as the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc), was created in 2007 and is in its 5th edition.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines

Meze is a collection of finger foods.  A meze is a big part of the dining experience in Eastern Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Arab countries.  The word "meze" means "taste" and/or "snack."  The concept is very similar to the tapas of Spain, but with different ingredients.  When served with alcohol like anise-flavored liqueurs such as arak or, ouzo, raki (alcohol made from grape pomace,) or wine, a meze is a main meal.  Without alcohol, this is called muqabbilat in Arabic and means "starters," or appetizers.  Read more and link to articles on bulgur, fatoosh and homade pita at http://www.thekitchn.com/what-is-a-meze-94991

Neuromarketing is taking the world by storm and has been utilized by almost every major company and university in some way or form.  Despite such a widespread influence on the marketing world, many people do not know exactly what neuromarketing is, or how it can be used effectively.  Find 15 examples of neuromarketing, with descriptions and pictures, at https://imotions.com/blog/neuromarketing-examples/

THE SEVENTH ART:  CINEMA  “Summer Magic”, a 1963 movie, is based on the book “Mother Carey’s Chickens” by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin.  The film is also a remake of the non-musical 1938 film “Mother Carey’s Chickens” starring Anne Shirley, Ruby Keeler, James Ellison, Walter Brennan, Fay Bainter, Virginia Weidler and Ralph Morgan.  The movie was originally supposed to star Annette Funicello.  The song “On the Front Porch” is songwriter Robert Sherman’s personal favorite song from his own work, according to Sherman’s 1998 book “Walt’s Time:  Before and Beyond”.  Walt Disney didn’t like the song “Ugly Bug Ball” sung by Burl Ives.  Sherman persuaded Disney to keep the song and it went on to be a popular song from the film, according to Sherman’s book.  The youngest brother, Peter Carey, is played by Jimmy Mathers—brother to Jerry Mather’s of “Leave It To Beaver” fame.  Dorothy McGuire’s singing is dubbed by Marilyn Hooven.  https://cometoverhollywood.com/2013/07/15/musical-monday-summer-magic-1963/  Find cast, plot and songs at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Magic

THE SEVENTH ART:  CINEMA  The Third and the Seventh is a 12 minute movie by Alex Roman, a Spanish artist who began doing computer graphics work for a visual effects company in Madrid before getting into the architectural visualization business.  Roman became frustrated with the way that client preferences and demands colored images of completed buildings.  He took a year-long sabbatical to create a more “pure commercial illustration” of his favorite architectural creations from around the world.   The Third and the Seventh is the culmination of this work.  The title of the piece comes from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s “Lectures on the Aesthetics” and the writings of film theorist Ricciotto Canudo.  In 1818, Hegel first identified five forms of art in ascending order:  architecture, sculpture, painting, music, and poetry.  A century later, Canudo expanded on Hegel’s classification with The Birth of the Sixth Art, in which he argued that cinema constituted a new form of art, “a superb conciliation of the Rhythms of Space (the Plastic Arts) and the Rhythms of Time (Music and Poetry);” an art that incorporated aspects of each of the five “ancient arts.”  He later added dance in the sixth position, making cinema the seventh art.  Although the order is much disputed, the “Seven Arts” are sculpture, painting, architecture, music, poetry, dance, and cinema.  Read more and see graphics at https://mapsofdeserts.wordpress.com/2010/01/09/the-third-and-the-seventh-2/

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1730  June 26, 2017  On this date in 1974, the Universal Product Code was scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio.  On this date in 1977, Elvis Presley held his final concert in Indianapolis, Indiana at Market Square Arena.  Word of the Day  Georgian  adjective  Of, from, or characteristic of the reigns of Kings George I and George II of Great Britain, and George III and George IV of the United Kingdom (1714–1830).   George IV of the United Kingdom died on June 26,1830, bringing the Georgian era to an end.

Burl Ives, whose sweet, strong, mournful way with folk ballads made him an international singing star in the 1940's and whose earthy acting won him an Academy Award in the 1950's, died April 14, 1995 at his home in Anacortes, Wash.  He was 85.  In his long and diverse career in show business, Mr. Ives made 32 movies and more than 100 record albums, appeared in 13 Broadway productions, and gave countless performances on radio and television and in summer stock.  He put an enduring stamp on "The Blue Tail Fly," "Jimmy Crack Corn" and other folk standards as well as on such children's songs as "Frosty the Snowman" and "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer."  His last recording, "The Magic Balladeer," was issued in 1993, shortly before his 84th birthday.  The bearded Mr. Ives, who loved to cook, eat and drink, was an imposing figure in his prime, carrying more than 300 pounds on his six-foot frame. He was intimidating when he played semi-professional football in Terre Haute, Ind., and he was intimidating onstage.  His presence, both physically and musically, was such that Carl Sandburg, one of his great admirers, called him "America's mightiest ballad singer."  He won praise for his originality and his ability to keep his singing fresh over the years, even when he performed such well-worn folk standards as "Big Rock Candy Mountain."  He was also admired for his acting, particularly for his memorable portrayal of Big Daddy in Tennessee Williams's 1955 play "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" on Broadway and in the film version in 1958.  Lumbering about the stage as he angrily puffed on a cigar and snarled about the "mendacity" of those around him, Mr. Ives gave a vivid, larger-than-life performance that had critics and audiences cheering.  And his skillful work as Gregory Peck's business rival in the 1958 film "The Big Country" brought him an Academy Award for best performance in a supporting role.  Richard Severo  http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/15/obituaries/burl-ives-the-folk-singer-whose-imposing-acting-won-an-oscar-dies-at-85.html?pagewanted=all

Canadian Robertson Davies, novelist, critic, man of letters, and a compelling performer of literature was known as the “wizard of the North”.  Mr. Davies was born in 1913 in Ontario and educated in Canada and at Balliol College, Oxford.  He worked at the Old Vic as writer, teacher of drama history, and actor; it was there that he worked with Tyrone Guthrie, and there that he met his wife, whom he married in 1940.  Upon his return to Canada, Davies embarked on a career as a kind of one-man Canadian cultural center, embassy, and gadfly; apparently he had little difficulty doing several full-time jobs at once, as well as writing plays and novels, stories, lectures, and critical essays.  In 1942 he became editorial writer for the Peterborough, Ontario Examiner; he was the paper’s editor and publisher from 1946 until 1963.  He also wrote a column under the pseudonym of Samuel Marchbanks, as well as other reviews and criticism.  During the 1950s, Davies’s first novels—the three that are now called the Salterton Trilogy—were published; he became literary editor of a publication called Saturday Night, for which he wrote book reviews; he was elected to the board of governors of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, a position he held until 1971; and with Guthrie he documented, in three books, the festival’s activities in its initial years.  In 1959 he began another newspaper column—“Writer’s Diary”—in the Toronto Daily Star.  In 1963, Davies moved to Massey College at the University of Toronto as master, a position that kept him at the center of Canadian academic life until his retirement in 1981.  Meanwhile, he composed the novels of the Deptford Trilogy (Fifth Business, The Manticore and World of Wonders) and the first book of a third trilogy, Rebel Angels.  After his retirement, the best-selling What’s Bred in the Bone and The Lyre of Orpheus have completed this threesome.  Read interview of Robertson Davies by Elisabeth Sifton at https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2441/robertson-davies-the-art-of-fiction-no-107-robertson-davies

Robertson Davies: Canada's greatest novelist?  by Martin Chilton   I encountered the work of Robertson Davies by chance.  Long before ipads or e-readers were around to divert, I had a long, slow, train journey from London to Dundee in prospect and gambled on a thousand-pager (a one-volume trilogy) by a Canadian writer, who died on December 2, 1995 aged 82, that I knew little about.  His book made the journey pass so pleasantly that I went on to read his two other mammoth trilogies and was charmed and entertained by them all (Deptford, Cornish and Salterton are his big three trios).  Davies was a writer Anthony Burgess hailed as "ingenuous, erudite and entertaining, with all the qualities of a latter-day Trollope".  Davies was born in born Thamesville, Ontario, more than a hundred years ago--August, 28, 1913--and although his books are still in print, and he was honoured in his centenary year by being put on a Canadian stamp.  His books were erudite and wise, almost philosophical meditations on the business of living, but they were also witty and whimsical, full of oddball characters.  The man who won the Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour said: "Comedy is fully as revealing in its probing of human problems as is tragedy.  The thing about comedy that I greatly value is that it is infinitely harder to fake than tragedy."  His books (30 in all) often deliberately rambled, touching on magic, medicine, Jungian analysis, murder, art forgery and funeral parlours--and anything else that struck his remarkable imagination.   http://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/robertson-davies-tribute-to-great-novelist/

Jicama is a wonderfully juicy, sweet, and nutty tuber with a distinct crunch.  It is most commonly enjoyed raw, but you can cook jicama, too.  Its white flesh stays crisp when cooked briefly.  You need to peel a jicama’s thick, papery skin, but please do not peel jicama skin with a vegetable peeler! A chef’s knife will give you much better (and safer) results.  Cut a thin slice from the top and bottom of the jicama to create a flat surface on each end.  Rest the jicama on its broadest cut end.  Working from top to bottom and following the curve of the jicama, slide your knife under the skin to peel it.  You can use a vegetable peeler to peel any tough, fibrous underlying flesh that remains.  After peeling, place jicama on its widest cut end.  Make vertical cuts, spaced evenly, moving from one side of the root to the other—this will produce thick slabs.  Cut through the slabs to produce sticks.  Cut across the sticks to produce a dice.  You can also cut jicama in half or quarters, then shave thin slices on a mandoline.  Use the thin slices as is, or cut through them to produce matchsticks.  Jicama actually doesn’t discolor like you think it would.  You do not need to rub it with lemon or store it in acidulated water.  You can use half of a root, store the other half in the fridge, and come back to it days later.  (The cut end will be dry, so cut it away before you prepare it.)  Cara Mangini  Read more and see pictures at http://www.thekitchn.com/jicama-most-exciting-vegetable-youre-not-eating-the-vegetable-butcher-220006  Jicama recipes  http://allrecipes.com/recipes/16079/fruits-and-vegetables/vegetables/jicama/  How to pronounce jicama  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWi4x0LuO1E

The words discrete and discreet share the same origin (from the Latin discretus, meaning ‘separate’), are pronounced the same way, but have different meanings.  Discrete stays true to its Latin origins and means ‘individually separate and distinct’, as in:  This issue is discrete from the others.  On the other hand discreet means ‘careful and circumspect’, as in:  A lot of their work is carried out in a very discreet and confidential manner.  https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/usage/discreet-or-discrete

Meet has multiple meanings.  As a verb, it means people encountering, or being introduced to each other, for the first time.  As a verb, it can also mean getting together with others at a specific time:  “Let’s meet at 8am for coffee.”  As a noun, it can mean a sporting event, like a swim meet.  In the idiom “they don’t meet eye to eye”, people don’t agree with one another.  In the idiom “let’s meet in the middle,” people are coming to a compromise.  No side gets all they want, each side gets some of what they want.  Mete is a verb.  It means to separate into portions or allotments for distribution or application.  It can also mean to take a measurement, or to quantify something’s amount, value, or substance.  https://kathleenwcurry.wordpress.com/2016/07/21/easily-confused-words-meet-vs-mete/

 Kenny Rogers set the tone during The Nation We Build Together gala opening at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History June 22, 2017.  Performing in front of the gallery that houses The Star-Spangled Banner, the actual flag that inspired what is now the national anthem, Rogers sang his song "'Merica" illustrated with his photo images of the landscapes and people of "the land that I love...America."  The Nation We Build Together is a presentation of four exhibitions and interactive experiences that invite audiences to immerse themselves in the fundamental American stories, from the founding of the country, through today.  The newly transformed second floor of the museum's west wing opens June 28th.  Following the six-song set, which also included "Ruby, Don't Take Your Love To Town," "Lucille," "The Gambler," "Islands In The Stream," and "You Can't Make Old Friends" to a capacity crowd of 600 guests, the museum acknowledged Rogers' "unique contribution to American music."  The honor was presented by the museum's director John Gray and Ambassador Nicholas Taubman, chairman of the museum's board.  http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Kenny-Rogers-Receives-Special-Award-From-The-Smithsonian-20170623

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1729  June 23, 2017  On this date in 1611, the mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage set Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.  On this date in 1683, William Penn signed a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.  On this date in 2016, the United Kingdom voted in a referendum to leave the European Union, by 52% to 48%.

NASA has renamed the Solar Probe Plus spacecraft—humanity’s first mission to a star, which will launch in 2018—as the Parker Solar Probe in honor of astrophysicist Eugene Parker.  The announcement was made at a ceremony at the University of Chicago, where Parker serves as the S. Chandrasekhar Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics.  In 1958, Parker—then a young professor at the university’s Enrico Fermi Institute—published an article in the Astrophysical Journal called “Dynamics of the interplanetary gas and magnetic fields.”  Parker believed there was high speed matter and magnetism constantly escaping the sun, and that it affected the planets and space throughout our solar system.  This phenomenon, now known as the solar wind, has been proven to exist repeatedly through direct observation.  Parker’s work forms the basis for much of our understanding about how stars interact with the worlds that orbit them.  “This is the first time NASA has named a spacecraft for a living individual,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington.  “It’s a testament to the importance of his body of work, founding a new field of science that also inspired my own research and many important science questions NASA continues to study and further understand every day.  I’m very excited to be personally involved honoring a great man and his unprecedented legacy.”  “The solar probe is going to a region of space that has never been explored before,” said Parker.  “It’s very exciting that we’ll finally get a look.  One would like to have some more detailed measurements of what’s going on in the solar wind.  I’m sure that there will be some surprises.  There always are.”  In the 1950s, Parker proposed a number of concepts about how stars—including our sun—give off energy.  He called this cascade of energy the solar wind, and he described an entire complex system of plasmas, magnetic fields and energetic particles that make up this phenomenon.  Parker also theorized an explanation for the superheated solar atmosphere, the corona, which is—contrary to what was expected by physics laws—hotter than the surface of the sun itself.  Many NASA missions have continued to focus on this complex space environment defined by our star—a field of research known as heliophysics.  Born on June 10, 1927, in Michigan, Eugene Newman Parker received a Bachelor of Science in physics from Michigan State University and a doctorate from Caltech.  He then taught at the University of Utah, and since 1955, Parker has held faculty positions at the University of Chicago and at its Fermi Institute.  He has received numerous awards for his research, including the George Ellery Hale Prize, the National Medal of Science, the Bruce Medal, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Kyoto Prize, and the James Clerk Maxwell Prize.  Parker Solar Probe is on track for launch during a 20-day window that opens July 31, 2018.  The mission is part of NASA’s Living With a Star program to explore aspects of the sun-Earth system that directly affect life and society.  LWS is managed by the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C.  Johns Hopkins APL manages the mission for NASA and is designing and building and will operate the spacecraft.  https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-renames-solar-probe-mission-to-honor-pioneering-physicist-eugene-parker

The first total solar eclipse over the U.S. since 1979 will reach its point of greatest duration on August 21, 2017, just a few miles south of Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois.  On the main SIU Carbondale campus, totality will happen at 1:21 p.m. CDT.  Read news, events, and link to other sources at http://eclipse.siu.edu/

Disperse vs. Disburse by Christopher Daly   The more commonly used (and far more commonly intended) word is disperse.  It means to distribute or, more often, to scatter, or sometimes to dispel or dilute to the point of disappearance.  It comes ultimately from the Latin dispersus, which is a form of the verb dispergere, “to scatter,” which is in turn created from the prefix dis- (“in different directions, away“) and spargere, “to sprinkle.”  As with many words with Latin roots, it made its way out of French into English.  It was in use no later than the early 16th century (OED gives a first use citation from 1503).  The adjective form of the word (now obsolete) goes back to the late 14th century.  Disburse–also a verb–has almost nothing in common with disperse.  Just looking at the words (which should not be pronounced the same:  if you use the same sound for both the “p” and the “b” in these words, you’re being awfully sloppy) the dis- prefix seems to be an obvious overlap.  But it isn’t, at least not exactly.  According to the OED, the way dis- is used in these two cases is not the same.  We could go off into the weeds on an extended digression about this, but the end result would be that dis- has at least four distinct origins and five distinct definitions in English.  The dis- in disburse, says the OED, isn’t the “in different directions, away” dis- of disperse, but is rather another prefix (still Latin) “implying removal, aversion, negation, reversal of action.”  The burse portion comes from bourse (Old French) and traces back to the Latin bursa (“purse“).  Together, the verb means to pay out or expend.  In broad terms, it’s a synonym for “to spend.”  If you’re someone who suffers from bursitis and knows that the condition is an inflammation of the bursa, and you wonder if the terms are related, they are.  That bursa and the bursa that evolved into disburse are one and the same.  They indicate different kinds of purses-–one for money, one for lubrication between bones–-but purses (bursa) nonetheless.  One of my favorite usage guides, Garner’s Modern English Usage (4th edition–yes, long-time readers, I’ve finally upgraded to the new edition, and it’s as wonderful as ever), has an entry for disburse and disperse.  Garner being Garner, it doesn’t go deep into etymology, but it provides solid usage examples and explanations of correct and incorrect usage, with plenty of commentary, all of which support what I’ve written above.  Garner’s also goes on to declare the form dispersement a nonword (use dispersal instead . . . please!).  And, in a trifecta I’ve rarely observed in this source, Garner’s pins all the variant misuses (disburse for disperse, dispersement for dispersal, and dispersement for disbursement) at “Stage 1” of their language change index: “rejected.”  So if you’re tempted, just . . . don’t.  https://thebettereditor.wordpress.com/2017/05/29/disperse-vs-disburse/

A.Word.A.Day with Anu Garg:  blended words  These words are also known as portmanteau.

glocalize  (GLO-kuh-lyz)  verb. tr.  To make a product or service available widely, but adapted for local markets.  A blend of global and localize.  Earliest documented use:  1989.

Feedback from Henry Willis  Subject:  Texarkana  When I practiced law in Arkansas, one of my cases took me to Texarkana, the city you mentioned in your post on Monday.  The federal courthouse there is a huge hollow square, straddling the state line, with the Eastern District of Texas on the west and the Western District of Arkansas on the east.  This sort of cohabitation of two wholly different district courts in different judicial circuits (an appeal from the Eastern District of Texas would go to New Orleans, while an appeal from the Western District of Arkansas would go to St. Louis) is unique and a little bit disorienting to those of us used to living with the jurisdictional boundaries that shape the law.  There are other metropolitan areas that are divided by a state line (Kansas City MO and Kansas City KS being the biggest), but none that have embraced duality as enthusiastically as Texarkana.

Ramen is arguably the king of noodles in Japan, and worldwide, despite being the newest form of Japanese noodle.  These thin wheat noodles are served in a variety of broths, from shio (salt) and shoyu (soy sauce) to tonkotsu (pork-bone) and the newest style of ramen, miso.  While a bowl of ramen can contain many different ingredients, the secret ingredient of the noodle itself is a form of alkaline water known as kansui, originally from the lakes of Inner Mongolia, which is said to give the noodles a firmer texture than, say, yakisoba.  Eggs are often substituted for the kansui.  Soba noodles are made primarily (but not exclusively) of buckwheat (soba), which gives it a different, stronger flavor.  Various soba dishes are zaru soba, kake soba, tempura soba, kitsune soba, and tororo soba.  Be mindful:  The word soba is often used for all noodles, but soba noodles are a particular kind.  Fortunately, they are very easy to distinguish by their brown color and dense texture.  Udon noodles are the most substantial of Japanese noodles, thick and chewy.  Made from wheat flour, udon is served hot in the winter and cold in the summer, varying as much as ramen and soba dishes.  Yakisoba isn’t a kind of buckwheat noodle, but is made with wheat flour.  Like ramen, it is a relatively recent creation, having first appeared in Japan (from China) in the early 20th century.  Read more and see pictures at http://japanology.org/2016/07/5-types-of-noodles-udon-ramen-soba-yakisoba-and-somen/

PARAPHRASES from Syndrome E, a thriller by Franck Thilliez, translated from the French by Mark Polizzotti  A cop’s equilibrium is fragile like a nutshell that slowly cracks open, with every tap of a manhunt or crime scene. * In their handshake, she looped her thumb on top.  She wanted to control the situation or express a kind of spontaneous dominance.  * Tattoos indicate a need to create an identity for yourself.

Author and screenwriter Franck Thilliez was born in 1973 in Annecy, who lives today in the Pas-de-Calais.  Nothing predestined this enthusiast of cinema to writing, if not an abundant imagination and the need to tell stories.  A trained engineer and computer specialist, he now devotes himself entirely to writing. https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.franckthilliez.com/&prev=search

An eponym is a word derived from the name of a real, fictional, mythical or spurious character or person.  There are thousands of eponyms in everyday use in English.  Find many examples, for instance--diesel:  German mechanical engineer Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913); gargantuan:  gigantic king in the novel Gargantua by Francois Rabelais (c.1494-1553); forsythia:  British botanist William Forsyth (1737-1804) at http://users.tinyonline.co.uk/gswithenbank/eponyms.htm   German chocolate cake is named for English-American chocolate maker Samuel German (1802-1888).

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1728   June 21, 2017  On this date in 2006, Pluto's newly discovered moons were officially named Nix and Hydra.  On this date in 2009, Greenland assumed self-rule.  Word of the Day  midnight sun  noun  The phenomenon occurring when the Sun does not set but only approaches the horizon at midnight; it occurs near the summer solstice in the polar regions.  June Solstice 2017 was at 12:24 a.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday, June 21.

German chocolate cake, originally German's chocolate cake, is a layered chocolate cake from the United States filled and topped with a coconut-pecan frosting.  It owes its name to an English-American chocolate maker named Samuel German, who developed a formulation of dark baking chocolate that came to be used in the cake recipe.  Sweet baking chocolate is traditionally used for the chocolate flavor in the actual cake, but few recipes call for it today.  Its roots can be traced back to 1852 when American Samuel German developed a type of dark baking chocolate for the American Baker's Chocolate Company.  The brand name of the product, Baker's German's Sweet Chocolate, was named in honor of him.  On June 3, 1957, a recipe for "German's Chocolate Cake" appeared as the "Recipe of the Day" in the The Dallas Morning News.  It was created by Mrs. George Clay, a homemaker from 3831 Academy Drive, Dallas, Texas.  This recipe used the baking chocolate introduced 105 years prior and became quite popular.  General Foods, which owned the Baker's brand at the time, took notice and distributed the cake recipe to other newspapers in the country.  Sales of Baker's Chocolate are said to have increased by as much as 73% and the cake would become a national staple.  The possessive form (German's) was dropped in subsequent publications, forming the "German Chocolate Cake" identity.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_chocolate_cake

What is hundo?  Hundo means "Hundred (dollars)"

https://www.internetslang.com/HUNDO-meaning-definition.asp

What is oligo?  Oligo may refer to:  Oligonucleotide as an abbreviation.  OLIGO Primer Analysis Software  Oligo- as a prefix, meaning "few"  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligo

Fred Bear (1902–1988) was an American bow hunter, bow manufacturer, author, and television host.  He was born in the town of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania.  Although he didn't start bow hunting until he was 29 and did not master the skill for many years, he is widely regarded as a pioneer in the bow-hunting community.  Bear was a world traveler, film producer, and the founder of Bear Archery, an outdoor company that still exists.  He died in Gainesville, Florida, and is in the Bowhunters Hall of Fame.  F.B. Bear applied for a Patent on April 21, 1950.  On January 12, 1954, Patent 2,665,678 was issued for the Composite Archery Bow.  (USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database:  US002665678).  Bear has been immortalized in the song "Fred Bear" from the album Spirit of the Wild by hard rock musician Ted Nugent, who was Bear's friend.  Fred Bear was also a popular contributing author for magazines such as Outdoor Life and Archery Magazine.  Grayling, Michigan was home to Fred Bear and Bear Archery Company.  The Fred Bear Museum originated in Grayling, Michigan in 1967.  Eventually the museum's collection represented the largest privately held collection of archery artifacts in the world.  At first the museum remained behind in Grayling, but in 1985 it too was moved to Gainesville, where it found a home in the Bear Archery plant between Archer Road and Williston Road, just off of I-75.  That museum closed in 2003, and the collections were sold to the Bass Pro Shops chain.  Since then, the Fred Bear Museum was displayed at the headquarters store of Bass Pro Shops in Springfield, Missouri.  Exhibits included the story of Fred Bear and bowhunting history, life-size animal mounts, bowhunting artifacts, some of his trophies and memorabilia, and historical bows and arrows used or built by Fred Bear and his company.  The exhibit was temporarily closed due to the construction of an aquarium in the same building.  Artifacts from the Fred Bear Museum have now been incorporated into the Archery Hall of Fame and Museum on the upper floor of the Bass Pro Shop Outdoor World.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bear

Ai Weiwei, the provocative and politically minded Chinese artist who has two major projects coming soon to New York City, has another big installation to add to his busy year:  the East Coast debut of “Trace” (2014), will be on view from June 28, 2017 through January 1, 2018 at the Smithsonian’s Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.  “Trace”—commissioned by the FOR-SITE Foundation, the National Park Service and the Golden Gate Park Conservancy—was created as a site-specific installation at Alcatraz in San Francisco, where it drew nearly one million visitors.  The work comprises 176 portraits made up of thousands of Lego bricks, depicting people whom Mr. Ai considers activists, prisoners of conscience and free-speech advocates.  The installation will cover about 700 feet of the doughnut-shaped museum’s second-floor galleries.  Joshua Barone  https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/arts/design/ai-weiweis-lego-portraits-of-activists-head-to-the-hirshhorn-museum.html

Faustian bargain  An agreement, bargain, or deal in which a person sacrifices or abandons his or her moral, ethical, or spiritual values infavor of wealth, power, or other benefits.  A reference to the legend of Faust, who sold his soul to the devil for unlimited knowledge and power.  http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/Faustian+bargain

Scenes from the Life of Saint Zenobius is a series of paintings by the Italian Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli.  Four panels from the series survive, which are now in three different museums.  Each depicts three or more incidents from the life of Zenobius, an early Bishop of Florence who perhaps died in 417.  The works are all in tempera on wood, and around 66 cm (26 in) high, though their length varies rather more, from about 149 cm to 182 cm (55 to 72 in).  The National Gallery in London has two panels.  One of these, Four Scenes from the Early Life of Saint Zenobius shows (left to right): Zenobius rejects the bride chosen by his parents, then walks away; Zenobius is baptized; his mother is baptized by the bishop of Florence; he is consecrated as Bishop of Florence by Pope Damasus (this in Rome).  The second London panel shows Three Miracles of Saint Zenobius.  The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York has a panel with another three miracles, also called by them Three Miracles of Saint Zenobius.  The Gemäldegalerie in Dresden has a panel showing a miracle in three scenes, and the death of the saint.  It is generally agreed that the paintings come from the last phase of Botticelli's career, perhaps c. 1500–1505; some authorities regard them as possibly the artist's latest surviving works.  Read more and see pictures at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenes_from_the_Life_of_Saint_Zenobius

An old adage states that sticks and stones can break my bones, but words can never hurt me.  This has never been true, and never will be.  See a modern version:  Sticks and stones may break my bones, But words can also hurt me.  Sticks and stones break only skin, While words are ghosts that haunt me.  Slant and curved the words-swords fall To pierce and stick inside me, bats and bricks may ache through bones, But words can mortify me.  Pain from words has left its scar On mind and heart that's tender.  Cuts and bruises now have healed, It's words that I remember.  Byrne, Brendan (1994).  http://www.williamsoncentral.org/elementary.cfm?subpage=663926   See also https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-sense/201105/sticks-and-stones-may-break-my-bones-words-will-cut-me-deeply

Words can be used constructively or destructively.  Adults need to speak with civility to set a good example for children.  And adults need to work with children, teaching them that friends who urge them to bully are not friends.  On June 15, 2017, musician Ted Nugent said he will no longer engage in hateful rhetoric.  Let us hope this is true. 

Announcing #SubwayLibrary: Free E-Books for Your Commute by Gwen Glazer, Librarian, Readers Services, New York Public Library    June 8, 2017  We're excited to announce the launch of Subway Library, a new initiative between The New York Public Library, Brooklyn Public Library, and Queens Library, the MTA, and Transit Wireless that provides subway riders in New York City with free access to hundreds of e-books, excerpts, and short stories—all ready to read on the train.  As part of the Subway Library celebration, don't miss the specially wrapped "Library Train," with the interior designed to look like NYPL's Rose Main Reading Room!  The train will alternate running on the E and F lines, running through Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.  Read more and see pictures  at https://www.nypl.org/blog/2017/06/08/subwaylibrary  Thank you, Muse reader!

http://librariansmuse.blogspot.com  Issue 1727  June 20, 2017  On this date in 1837, Queen Victoria succeeded to the British throne.  On this date in 1863, West Virginia was admitted as the 35th U.S. state.  Thought for Today  The well taught philosophic mind / To all compassion gives; / Casts round the world an equal eye, / And feels for all that lives. - Anna Letitia Barbauld, poet, essayist, and editor (20 Jun 1743-1825)